Llant and equipment is a universe figure; it is collected on all census forms. However, the breakdown of this figure between expenditures for used buildings and other structures and expenditures for used machinery anÄŠRuipment is collectedøDhe ASM form. The data for total new capital expenditures, new building expenditures, and new machinnsq³èÆ&ø™Ínnsq³èÚ&ø™ÍàPÐ$&eBrø;%øFrµ¬È(øFÜ&xÔFrh“Þ"Ó¥“Þ>Ô69ó‰ÆÔ69d±¬ÌÎn[‡rêR£ddôÌ £dI ©$ÄK , The record type code generally identifies the type of area summarized, and these are standardized for all economic census files: 01 United States 02 State 04 MSA, CMSA, or PMSA 05 Summary for nonmetropolitan area within a state 06 County 07 Place 08 ZIP code Other record type codes indicate a type of table, and may apply only to one data series: Codes applicable to retail, wholesale, services, and transportation: 10 State (data correspond to published table 2) 11 State (data correspond to published table 3) 12 State (data correspond to published table 4) 20 U.S. (data correspond to published table 2) 21 U.S. (data correspond to published table 3) 22 U.S. (data correspond to published table 4) Codes applicable to the census of manufactures industry series: 51 1987-based SIC, corresponding to table 1a-1 and 1b-1 52 1972-based SIC, corresponding to table 1a-2 and 1b-2 53 1987 SIC's that changed and their 1972-based components, table 1c-1 54 1972 SIC's that changed and their 1987-based components, table 1c-2 Codes applicable to the Survey of Minority-Owned Business Enterprises: 61 U.S. by legal form of organization 62 U.S. by receipts size of firm 63 U.S. by employment size of firmdisk full<>R6002 - floating point not loaded R6001 - null pointer assignment xDOMAIN error ySING error zTLOSS error ý: MATH - floating-point error: einvalid gdivide by 0 hoverflow ns States States of the U.S. and the District of Columbia are identified by their Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) code, which is sequenced alphabetically (e.g., Alabama=01, Wyoming=56), but with a few gaps in the numbering. State names are available in a separate file STCODE.DBF. Also in that file is an alternate set of state codes STCENSUS in which states are sequenced geographically within census regions and divisions (e.g., Maine=11 and all New England states share the same first digit). Special codes are also assigned in this field for Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands for use in files from the Economic Censuses of Outlying Areas.disk full<>R6002 - floating point not loaded R6001 - null pointer assignment xDOMAIN error ySING error zTLOSS error ý: MATH - floating-point error: einvalid gdivide by 0 hoverflow nstack overflow pexplicitly generated R6000 - stack Counties Counties and their equivalents, 3,141 in all, are the primary political and administrative divisions of States. These areas are called parishes in Louisiana. In Alaska, 23 boroughs and "census areas" are treated as county equivalents for census purposes. Several cities (Baltimore, MD, St. Louis, MO, Carson City, NV, and 41 cities in Virginia) are independent of any county organization and, because they constitute primary divisions of their States, are accorded the same treatment as counties in census tabulations. Kalawao County, HI, is combined with Maui County for statistical purposes. Counties are identified by a 3-digit Federal Information Processing Stan- dards (FIPS) code, which is sequenced alphabetically within state. County names are available in a separate file STCOUNTY.DBF. (See Add Labels option.)disk full<>R6002 - floating point not loaded R6001 - null pointer assignment xDOMAIN error ySING error zTLOSS error ý: Incorporated Places -- The 1987 Economic Censuses provide information for legally defined, incorporated municipalities (cities, towns, villages, and boroughs) with 2,500 or more inhabitants as of the 1980 population census. Hawaii does not have incorporated places that are recognized for census purposes, so data there are provided for census designated places (CDP's) with 2,500 or more inhabitants. All told, data are presented for 6,362 places in the United States and 925 places in the outlying areas. Selected Towns and Townships -- Some county subdivisions, such as towns and townships, are not classified as incorporated places for census purposes. Statistics are presented in the 1987 Economic Censuses for towns in the six New England states and townships in New Jersey and Pennsylvania with a 1980 census population of 10,000 or more. These 432 towns and townships are presented in the same tables as places. The place code is a four-digit Census Bureau code assigned to places (including independent cities) in alphabetic sequence within a state. Qualifying new incorporations (those incorporated through January 1, 1987, and having a census population of 2,500 or more), census designated places in Hawaii, and selected towns and townships have been assigned codes in the system. All incorporated municipalities with populations of few than 2,500, town and townships not qualifying as noted above, and the remainders of counties outside places are categorized as "Balance of county" and assigned a place code of "9990". HI, is combined with Maui County for statistical purposes. Counties are identified by a 3-digit Federal Information Processing Stan- dards (FIPS) code, which is sequenced alphabetically within state. County names are available in a separate file STCOUNTY.DBF. (See Add Labels option.)disk full<>R6002 - floating point not loaded R6001 - null pointer assignment xDOMAIN error ySING error zTLOSS error ý: The Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) code for places (see definition for PLACE) is a 5-digit code. It is provides no further informa- tion beyond the 4-digit code used for census processing, but is useful in linking data to other files identified by FIPS place codes.disk full<>R6002 - floating point not loaded R6001 - null pointer assignment xDOMAIN error ySING error zTLOSS error ý: MATH - floating-point error: einvalid gdivide by 0 hov Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA's) An MSA is an integrated economic and social unit with a recognized popula- tion nucleus. Generally, each MSA consists of one or more entire counties that meet specified standards pertaining to population, commuting patterns, and metropolitan character. In New England, towns and cities, rather than counties, are the basic geographic units for defining MSA's. The MSA concept represents a revision to what were previously known as standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSA's), a change which went into effect in 1983, after the reference date for the 1982 Economic Censuses. About one third of all MSA's changed boundaries, largely reflecting changes in commuting patterns as shown in the 1980 population census. All MSA's are listed in the file MSA.dbf, and those that changed in 1983 are denoted with a special symbol. Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas (CMSA's) and Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas (PMSA's) -- Prior to their final definition in 1983, MSA's with a million or more people were given the option to be subdivided, for statistical purposes, into two or more primary MSA's (PMSA's), in which case the MSA became known as a consolidated MSA (CMSA). Twenty metropolitan areas opted for this two-tiered definition, and were subdivided into 71 PMSA's. The CMSA concept replaces what were called standard consolidated statistical areas (SCSA's) in the earlier censuses. Metropolitan statistical areas are identified by their Federal Information Standards (FIPS) code, which is sequenced alphabetically without regard to state location. CMSA codes are intermingled with the codes for other MSAs, but all 4-digit CMSA codes end in the digit "2". MSA codes are carried on the records of the counties and places that comprise them, except in New England where MSAs may cross county boundaries. (New England counties and places are assigned an MSA code of "0000".) Outside New England, non-MSA counties and places have an MSA code of "9999" MSA names are available in a separate file MSA.DBF. That file also indi- cates whic MSAs changed boundaries in 1983.disk full<>R6002 - floating point not loaded R6001 - null pointer assignment xDOMAIN error ySING error zTLOSS error ý: MATH - floating-point error: einvalid gdivide by 0 hoverflow nstack overflow pexplicitly generated R6000 - stack overflow R6003 - integer divide by 0 R6009 - not enou Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area A PMSA is a subdivision of a CMSA, and is identified by a four-digit code. In data files, PMSAs are grouped together with other PMSAs in the same CMSA. PMSA codes are carried on the records of the counties and places that comprise them, except in New England where PMSAs may cross county boun- daries. (New England counties and places are assigned an PMSA code of "0000".) Outside New England, counties and places not in a PMSA have a PMSA code of "9999"disk full<>R6002 - floating point not loaded R6001 - null pointer assignment xDOMAIN error ySING error zTLOSS error ý: MATH - floating-point error: einvalid gdivide by 0 hoverflow nstack overflow pexplicitly generated R6000 - stack overflow R6003 - integer divide by 0 R6009 - not enough space for environment ü ÿrun-time error ÿÿÿ Standard Industrial Classification Each of the establishments covered in tbe census was classified in 1 of 459 manufacturing industries in accordance with the industry definitions in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual. The 1987 edition of this manual represents a major revision for manufacturing industries from the 1972 edition and its 1977 supplements. Appendix A of that manual notes the revisions in the four-digit industry levels between 1972/77 and 1987. An industry is generally defined as a group of establishments producing the same product or a closely related group of products. The product groupings from which industry classifications are derived are based on considerations such as similarity of manufacturing processes, types of materials used, types of customers, and the like. The resulting group of establishments must be significant in terms of number, value added by manufacture, value of shipments and number of employees. The system operates in such a way that the definitions progressively become narrower with successive additions of numerical digits. For 1987, there are 20 major groups (2-digit SIC), 139 industry groups (3-digit SIC), and 459 industries (4-digit SIC). This represents an expansion of four-digit industries from 452 in 1972/1977 and a reduction of three-digit groups from 143 in 1972/77. Product classes and products of the manufacturing industries have been assigned codes based on the industry from which they originate. There are about 11,000 products identified by a 7-digit code. The 7-digit products are considered the primary products of the industry with the same 4-digits. Accordingly, an establishment is usually classified in a particular industry on the basis of its major activity during a particular year, i.e., production of the products primary to that industry exceeds, in value, production of the products primary to any other single industry. In a few instances, however, the industry classification of an establishment is not only determined by the products it makes but also by the process employed in operations. Refining of nonferrous metals from ore or rolling and drawing of nonferrous metals (processes which involve heavy capitalization in specialized equipment) would be classified according to the process used during the census year. These establishments wouyld be "frozen" in that industry during the following ASM years.disk full<>R6002 - floating point n Percent of value of shipments estimated from administrative records Payroll, employment, and sales data for some small single unit companies with up to 20 employees (cutoff varied by industry) were obtained from administrative records of other government agencies rather than from census report forms. These data were then used in conjunction with industry averages to estimate the items shown for these small establishments. This technique was also used for other establishments whose reports were not received at time data were tabulated. The code in this field is other than zero where estimated data account for 10 percent or more of the value of shipments: 0 0 to 9 percent 1 10 to 19 percent 2 20 to 29 percent 3 30 to 39 percent 4 40 to 49 percent 5 50 to 59 percent 6 60 to 69 percent 7 70 to 79 percent 8 80 to 89 percent 9 90 percent or more Number of establishments and companies An establishment is defined as a single physical location where manufacturing is performed. A company, on the other hand, is defined as a business organization consisting of one establishment or more under common ownership or control. If the company operated at different physical locations, even if the in- dividual locations were producing the same line of goods, a separate report was requested for each location. If the company operated in two or more distinct lines of manufacturing at the same location, a separate report was requested for each activity. An establishment not in operation for any portion of the year was requested to return the report form with the proper notation in the "Operational Status" section of the form. In addition, the establishment was requested to report data on any employees, capital expenditures, inventories, or shipments from inventories during the year.disk full<>R6002 - floating gðžÁý>Xßà#<ƒ—ð~Â3x Ïà+<ƒ·ðþÂ3xÏàK=ƒ_õ©L®î²—D=ƒoõÞÕ3øWÏàa=ƒõ^Ö3øYÏài=ƒ¯õÞÖ3ø[Ïàq=ƒÏõ^×3ø]Ïày=ƒïõÞ×3ø_Ïà~,°oðÁžÁ{?ì<±gðÅžÁ{ì<²gðÉžÁ+{¿ì<³gðÍžÁ;{ÿì<´gðÑžÁK{?í<µgðÕžÁ[{í<¶gðÙžÁk{¿í<·gðÝžÁ{û}@üö Ü3øpÏàÅ=ƒ÷žÜ3ørÏàÍ=ƒ?÷Ý3øtÏàÕ=ƒ_÷žÝ3øvÏàÝ=ƒ÷Þ3øxÏàå=ƒŸ÷žÞ3øzÏàí=ƒ¿÷ß3ø|Ïàõ=ƒß÷žß3ø~¿ˆþ¾Áÿ{ðË3d€gðžÁxOà|gðžÁxà|‚gð žÁ/xÏà|ƒgðžÁ?xá|„gðžÁOxOá|…gðžÁ_xá|†gðžÁoxÏáÜïƒíð ÞÃ3øÏàA<ƒñ^Ä3øÏàI<ƒ/ñÞÄ3øÏàQ<ƒOñ^Å3øÏàY<ƒoñÞÅ3øó>Æ3xÏàg<ƒ§ñ¾Æ3xÏào<ƒÇñ All employees This item includes all full-time and part-time employees on the payrolls of operating manufacturing establishments during any part of the pay period which included the 12th of the months specified on the report form. Included are all persons on paid sick leave, paid holidays, and paid vacations during these pay periods. Officers of corporations are included as employees; proprietors and partners of unincorporated firms are excluded. The "all employees" number is the average number of production workers plus the number of other employees in mid-March. The number of production workers is the average for the payroll periods including the 12th of March, May, August, and November.disk full<>R6002 - floating point not loaded R6001 - null pointer assignment xDOMAIN error ySING error zTLOSS error ý: MATH - floating-point error: einvalid gdivide by 0 hoverflow nstack overflow pexplicitly generated R6000 - stack overflÏàC<ƒñ~Ä3xÏàK<ƒ7ñû€xâ<Šgð)žÁ«x¿â<‹gð-žÁ»xÿâ+0Ïàc<ƒ—ñ~Æ3xÏàk<ƒ·ñþÆ3xÏàs<ƒ×ñ~Ç3xÏà{<ƒ÷ñþÇ3x Ïàƒ<ƒò~È3x"Ïà‹ü> ùä<’gðIžÁ+y¿ä<“gðMžÁ;yÿä<”gðQžÁKy?å<•gðUžÁ[yå<–gðYžÁky¿å<—gð]žÁ{yÿå<˜gðažÁ‹y?æ<™ßÌÂr‡´ã„ièü¡gðˆžÁ'z¯èü¢gðŒžÁ7zïèü£gðžñÍçÌ|¤gð’žÁOzOéõ“I^é¼¥gð—žÁczŸé¼¦gð›žÁsz†ù Þé¼§gðŸžÁƒz†{| õ^Ô3øQÏàI=ÛqHüF“ì×ñ2ŸÞÌ3ø3ÏàÑ<ƒOó^Í3ø5ÏàÙ<ƒoóÞÍ3ø7Ïàá<ƒó^Î3ø9Ïàé<ƒ¯óÞÎ3ø;Ïàñ<ƒÏó^Ï3ø=Ïàù<ƒïóÞÏ3ø?Ïà=ƒô^Ð3øA¿ }ƒ/ôÞÐ3øCÏà=ƒOô^Ñ3øEÏà=ƒoôÞÑ3øGÏà!=ƒô^Ò3øIÏà) Payroll This item includes the gross earnings of all employees on the payroll of operating manufacturing establishments paid in the calendar year 1987. Respondents were told they could follow the definition of payrolls used for calculating the Federal withholding tax. It includes all forms of compensa- tion, such as salaries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses, vacation and sick leave pay, and compensation in kind, prior to such deductions as employees' Social Security contributions, withholding taxes, group insurance, union dues, and savings bonds. The total includes salaries of officers of corporations; it excludes payments to proprietors or partners of unincor- porated concerns. Also excluded are payments to members of Armed Forces and pensioners carried on the active payroll of manufacturing establishments. The census definition of payrolls is identical to that recommended to all Federal statistical agencies by the Office of Management and Budget. It should be noted that this definition does not include employers' Social Security contributions or other nonpayroll labor costs, such as employees' pension plans, group insurance premiums, and workers' compensation. The ASM provides estimates of employers' supplemental labor costs, both those required by Federal and State laws and those incurred voluntarily or as part of collective bargaining agreements. As in the case of employment figures, the payrolls of separate auxiliary units of multi establishment companies are not included in the totals for individual industries or industry groups.<>R6002 - floating point not loaded R6001 - null pointer assignment xDOMAIN error ySING error zTLOSS error ý: MATH - floating-point error: einvalid gdivide by 0 hoverflow nstack overflow pexplicitly generated R6000 - stack overflow R6003 - integer divide by 0 R6009 - not enough space for environment ü ÿrun-time error ÿÿgðÏžÁC{í¼´gðÓžÁS{_í¼µgð×žÁc{Ÿí¼¶gðÛ~¹}ƒïöÞÛ3øoÏàÁ=ƒ÷^Ü3øqÏàÉ=ƒ/÷þÜ3xtÏàÓ=ƒW÷~Ý3xvÏàÛ=ƒw÷þÝ3xxÏàã=ƒ—÷~Þ3xzÏàë=ƒ·÷þÞ3x|Ïàó=ƒ×÷~ßï"¿oðýžÁû{ÿï,ì2À3xÏà<ƒoðÞÁ3øÏà!<ƒð^Â3xÏàO<ƒGñ>Å3xÏàW<ƒ‡ñ¾Æ3xÏào<ƒÇñ>Ç3xÏàw<ƒçñ¾Ç3xoù}ð?¾Áyä¼gðOžÁCyåü˜gðdžÁ—yoæü™gðhžÁ§y¯æüšgðlžÁ·yïæü›gðpžÁÇy/çüœgðtžÁ×yoçügðxžÁçy¯ç÷qÏ7x>Ïàû<ƒ÷óþÏ3x@Ïà=ƒô~Ð3xBÏà=ƒ7ôþÐ3xDÏà)=ƒ¯ôÞÒ3øKÏà1=ƒÏô^Ó3øMÏà9=ƒïôÞÓ3øOÏàA=ƒõ^Ô3øQÏàIý> –úoêü©gð¨žÁ§z¯êüªgð¬žÁ·zïêü«gð°žÁÇz/ëü¬gð´žÁçz¯ë Production workers This item includes workers (up through the line-supervisor level) engaged in fabricating, processing, assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, han- dling, packing, warehousing, shipping (but not delivering), maintenance, repair, janitorial and guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g., power plant), recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with these production operations at the es- tablishment covered by the report. Employees above the working-supervisor level are excluded from this item.disk full<>R6002 - floating point not loaded R6001 - null pointer assignment xDOMAIN error ySING error zTLOSS error ý: MATH - floating-point error: einvalid gdivide by 0 hoverflow nstack overflow pexplicitly generated R6000 - stack overflow R6003 - integer divide by 0 R6009 - not enough space for environment ü ÿrun-time error ÿÿ Production workers This item includes workers (up through the line-supervisor level) engaged in fabricating, processing, assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, han- dling, packing, warehousing, shipping (but not delivering), maintenance, repair, janitorial and guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g., power plant), recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with these production operations at the es- tablishment covered by the report. Employees above the working-supervisor level are excluded from this item.disk full<>R6002 - floating point not loaded R6001 - null pointer assignment xDOMAIN error ySING error zTLOSS error ý: MATH - floating-point error: einvalid gdivide by 0 hoverflow nstack overflow pexplicitly generated R6000 - stack overflow R6003 - integer divide by 0 R6009 - not enough space for environment ü ÿrun-time error ÿÿ Production-worker hours This item covers hours worked or paid for at the plant, including actual overtime hours (not straight-time equivalent hours). It excludes hours paid for vacations, holidays, or sick leave.disk full<>R6002 - floating point not loaded R6001 - null pointer assignment xDOMAIN error ySING error zTLOSS error ý: MATH - floating-point error: einvalid gdivide by 0 hoverflow nstack overflow pexplicitly generated R6000 - sta Production-worker hours This item covers hours worked or paid for at the plant, including actual overtime hours (not straight-time equivalent hours). It excludes hours paid for vacations, holidays, or sick leave.disk full<>R6002 - floating point not loaded R6001 - null pointer assignment xDOMAIN error ySING error zTLOSS error ý: MATH - floating-point error: einvalid gdivide by 0 hoverflow nstack overflow pexplicitly generated R6000 - sta3øjÏà=ƒ¿öÛ3ølÏÈÏªíü¶gÔ‡¡¹=ƒïöÞÛ3øoÏàÁ=ƒ÷^Ü3öä¸gðäžÁ—{oîÙeÆ„‰óF³ý:ÞëóÀûzÿë<°gðÁžÁ{?ì<±gðÅžÁ{ì<²gðÉžÁ+{¿ì<³gðÍžÁ;{ÿì<´gðÑžÁK{?í<µgðÕžÁ[{í<¶gðÙžÁk{¿í×ãå³oðÝžÁ{{ÿí<¸gðážÁ‹{?î<¹gðåžÁ›{î|ÊWÏ2žÁÃ†öÁ=ƒ—õ~Ö3ø¡Ñž!‰<ƒ/òÞÈ3ø#Ïà‘<ƒOò^É3ø%Ïà™<ƒoòÞÉ3ø'Ïà~,”oðQžÁKy?å<•gðUžÁ[yå<–gðYžÁky¿å<—gð]žÁ{yÿå<˜gðažÁ‹yŸè¼¢gð‹žÁ3zßè¼£gð{«=Còyßç¼ŸgðžÁz÷û`}ƒô~Ð3xBÏà=ƒ7ôÞ'ÏÏÐ?žÁyä¼gðCžÁy_ä¼‘gðGžÁ#yŸä¼’gðKžÁ3yßä¼“gðOžÁCyå¼”gðSžÁSy_å¼•gp¿öÊ7x,Ïà³<ƒ×ò~Ë3xß Value added by manufacture This measure of manufacturing activity is derived by subtracting the cost of materials, supplies, containers, fuel, purchased electricity, and contract work from the value of shipments (products manufactured plus receipts for services rendered). The result of this calculation is adjusted by the addition of value added by merchandising operations (i.e., the difference between the sales value and the cost of merchandise sold without further manufacture, processing, or assembly) plus the net change in finished goods and work-in-process between the beginning- and end-of-year inventories. For those industries where value of production is collected instead of value of shipments (see footnote in table 1a), value added is adjusted only for the change in work-in-process inventories between the beginning and end of year. For those industries where value of work done is collected, the value added does not include an adjustment for the change in finished goods or work-in- -process inventories. "Value added" avoids the duplication in the figure for value of shipments that results from the use of products of some establish- ments as materials by others. Value added is considered to be the best value measure available for comparing the relative economic importance of manufac- turing among industries and geographic areas.disk full<>R6002 - floating point not loaded R6001 - null pointer assignment xDOMAIN error ySING erroræ<™gðežÁ›yæ<šgðižÁ«y¿æ<›gðmžÁ»y÷û`ß|ƒ‡ó>Î3x9Ïàç<ƒ§ó¾Î3x;Ïàï<ƒÇóÞ/šgÈ?Ïà=ƒô^Ð3øAÏà =ƒ/ôÞÐ3øCÏà=ƒW÷žÙgòñÞÙ3øgÏà¡=ƒö^Ú3øiÏà©=ƒû}°Õ¾Á[{í<¶gðÙžÁk{¿í<·gðÝžÁ{{ÿí<¸gðážÁ‹{?î<¹gðåžÁ›{ïÑ×3ä‡gð žÁ‡x/âüˆgð$žÁ—xoâü‰gð(žÁ§x¯âÜïƒ]ñ žÅ3øÏà]<ƒñ5˜gð1žÁËx?ã<gð5žÁÛxã<Žgð–]x†¾ôÓ3øLÏà5=ƒßôžÓ3øNÏà==ƒÿôÔ3øPÏà¥=ƒŸöžÚ3øjÏà=ƒû}°×¾Ác{î±Ä¹g4ºgðéžÁ«{¿î<»gðížÁ»{ÿî<¼gðñžÁË{?ï<½gðõžÁÛ{ï<¾gðùžÁë{¿ï<¿gðýžÁöyè<¢gð‰žÁ+z¿èÜïƒeô ¾Ñ3xGÏà=ƒ‡ô>Ò3xIÏà'=ƒ§ô¾Ò3xKÏà/=ƒÇô>Ó3xMÏ Cost of materials This term refers to direct charges actually paid or payable for items consumed or put into production during the year, including freight charges and other direct charges incurred by the establishment in acquiring these materials. It includes the cost of materials or fuel consumed, whether pur- chased by the individual establishment from other companies, transferred to it from other establishments of the same company, or withdrawn from inventory during the year. The important components of this cost item are (1) all raw materials, semifinished goods, parts, containers, scrap, and supplies put into produc- tion or used as operating supplies and for repair and maintenance during the year, (2) electric energy purchased, (3) fuels consumed for heat, power, or the generation of electricity, (4) work done by others on materials or parts furnished by manufacturing establishments (contract work), and (5) products bought and resold in the same condition. Specific materials consumed (See file MC87I7.dbf) In addition to the total cost of materials, which every establishment was required to report, information also was collected for most manufacturing industries on the consumption of major materials used in manufacturing. The inquiries were restricted to those materials which were important parts of the cost of production in a particular industry and for which cost informa- tion was available from manufacturers' records. Information on the es- tablishments consuming less than a specified amount (usually $10,000) of a specific material were not requested to report consumption of that material separately. Also, the cost of materials for the small establishments for which either administrative records or short forms were used was imputed as "not specified by kind."disk full<>R6002 - floating point not loaded R6001 - null pointer assignment xDOMAIN error ySING error zTLOSS error ý: MATH - floating-point Cost of materials This term refers to direct charges actually paid or payable for items consumed or put into production during the year, including freight charges and other direct charges incurred by the establishment in acquiring these materials. It includes the cost of materials or fuel consumed, whether pur- chased by the individual establishment from other companies, transferred to it from other establishments of the same company, or withdrawn from inventory during the year. The important components of this cost item are (1) all raw materials, semifinished goods, parts, containers, scrap, and supplies put into produc- tion or used as operating supplies and for repair and maintenance during the year, (2) electric energy purchased, (3) fuels consumed for heat, power, or the generation of electricity, (4) work done by others on materials or parts furnished by manufacturing establishments (contract work), and (5) products bought and resold in the same condition. Specific materials consumed (See file MC87I7.dbf) In addition to the total cost of materials, which every establishment was required to report, information also was collected for most manufacturing industries on the consumption of major materials used in manufacturing. The inquiries were restricted to those materials which were important parts of the cost of production in a particular industry and for which cost informa- tion was available from manufacturers' records. Information on the es- tablishments consuming less than a specified amount (usually $10,000) of a specific material were not requested to report consumption of that material separately. Also, the cost of materials for the small establishments for which either administrative records or short forms were used was imputed as "not specified by kind."disk full<>R6002 - floating point not loaded R6001 - null pointer assignment xDOMAIN error ySING error zTLOSS error ý: MATH - floating-pointÿî<¼gðñžÁË{ŸÒd€gè'ž!9<ƒïðÞÃ3øÏàA<ƒû}°!¾Á‹x?â<‰gð%žÁ›xâ<Šgð)žÁ«x¿â<‹gð;QÇñ,óà¼€gðžÁx_à¼gðžÁ#xŸà¼‚gðžÁ3xßàÜïƒuð þÁ3xÏà#<ƒ—ð~Â3x Ïà+<ƒ·ðþÂ3x¤°ž!“<ƒWò~É3x&Ïà›<ƒwòþÉ3x(Ïà£<ƒ—ò~Ê3x*Ïà«<ƒ·òþÊ3x,Ïà³<ƒ×ò~Ë3x.Ïà~l—oð^žÁyæ<Ûž¡Û<ƒwóþÍ3x8Ïàã<ƒ—óžÜ3ørÏàÍ=ƒ?÷Ý3øtÏàÕ=ƒ_÷žÝ3øvÏàÝ=ƒ÷Þ3øxÏàå=ƒŸ÷ÃgiNÏèÏà5<ƒßðî÷Árøßá¼‡gðžÁƒxâ¼ˆgð#žÁ“x_â¼‰gð'žÁ£xŸâ¼Šgð+žÁöièü¡gðˆžÁ'z¯èü¢gðŒžÁ7z_éüÎ˜ž¡c=ƒ—õžÅ—ùÍÏx‹gp¿ÖÅ7øï`žÁÇx/ãüŒgð4žÁ×xoãügð8žÁçx Value of shipments This item covers the received or receivable net selling values, f.o.b. plant (exclusive of freight and taxes), of all products shipped, both primary and secondary, as well as all miscellaneous receipts, such as receipts for contract work performed for others, installation and repair, sales of scrap, and sales of products bought and resold without further processing. Included are all items made by or for the establishments from materials owned by it, whether sold, transferred to other plants of the same company, or shipped on consignment. The net selling value of products made in one plant on a contract basis from materials owned by another was reported by the plant providing the materials. In the case of multiunit companies, the manufacturer was requested to report the value of products transferred to other establishments of the same company at full economic or commercial value, including not only the direct cost of production but also a reasonable proportion of "all other costs" (including company overhead) and profit. Individual products (see files MC87I6A, 6B, and 6C) As in previous censuses, data were collected for most industries on the quantity and value of individual products shipped. In the 1987 census program, information was collected on the output of approximately 11,000 in- dividual product items. The term "product", as used in the census of manufactures, represents the finest level of detail for which output informa- tion was requested. Consequently, it is not necessarily synonymous with the term "product" as used in the marketing sense. In some cases, it may be much more detailed and, in other cases, it is more aggregative. For example, "pharmaceutical preparations" was distributed into over 100 terms; whereas, "motor gasoline" was reported as a single item. Approximately 6,600 of the product items were listed separately on the 1987 census report forms. Data for about 4,400 products were obtained in the monthly, quarterly, or annual surveys comprising the Current Industrial Reports series of the Census Bureau. Totals for the year 1987 for these items, as derived from the commodity surveys, are shown in the "products shipped" table (table 6a-2). The list of products for which separate information was collected was prepared after consultation with industry and government representatives. Comparability with previous figures was given considerable weight in the selection of product categories so that comparable 1982 information is presented for most products. Typically, both quantity and value of shipments information were collected. However, if quantity was not significant or could not be reported by manufacturers, only value of shipments was collected. Shipments include both commercial shipments and transfers of products to other plants of the same company. For industries in which a considerable portion of the total shipments is transferred to other plants of the same company, separate information on interplant transfers also was collected. Moreover, for products that are used to a large degree within the same establishment as materials or com- ponents in the fabrication of other products, total production and often consumption of the item within the plant was collected. Typically, the information on production also was collected for products for which there are significant differences between total production and shipments in a given year because of wide fluctuations in finished goods inventories. Other measures of output of products with long production cycles were used as appropriate and feasible. Classes of products--To summarize the product information, the separate products were aggregated into classes of products that, in turn, were grouped into all primary products of each industry. The code structure used is a seven-digit number for the individual product, a five-digit number for the class of product, and a four-digit number for the total primary products in an industry. In the 1987 census, the 11,000 products were grouped into approximately 1,500 separate classes on the basis of general similarity of manufacturing proces- ses, types of materials used, and the like. However, the grouping of products was affected by the economic significance of the class and, in some cases, dissimilar products were grouped because the products were not sufficiently significant to warrant separate classes. Duplication in cost of materials and value of shipments The aggregate of the cost of materials and value of shipments figures for industry groups and for all manufacturing industries includes large amounts of duplication since the products of some industries are used as materials by others. This duplication results, in part, from the addition of related industries representing successive stages in the production of a finished manufactured product. Examples are the addition of flour mills to bakeries in the food group and the addition of pulp mills to paper mills in the paper and allied products group of industries. Estimates of the overall extent of this duplication indicate that the value of manufactured products exclusive of such duplication (the value of finished manufactures) tends to approximate two-thirds of the total value of products reported in the annual survey. Duplication of products within individual industries is significant within a number of industry groups, e.g., machinery and transportation industries. These industries frequently include complete machinery and their parts. In this case, the parts made for original equipment are materials consumed for assembly plants in the same industry. Even when no significant amount of duplication is involved, value of shipments figures are deficient as measures of the relative economic importance of individual manufacturing industries or geographic areas because of the wide variation in ratio of materials, labor, and other processing costs of value of shipments, both among industries and within the same industry. Before 1962, cost of materials and value of shipments were not published for some industries which included considerable duplication. Since then, these data have been published for all industries at the United States level and beginning in 1964, for all geographic levels.disk full<>R6002 - floating point not loaded R6001 - null pointer assignment xDOMAIN error ySING error zTLOSS errorà·=ƒçö¾ÛïæÒƒGÏŒiã›3yßäã™;yÿä<”g\&gå¼”gðSžÁSy_å¼•gðWžÁcyŸå#Î¼–gð[žÁsyßå¼—gð_žácÆ¼ Ì3Ü¢ažÁ‹y?æ<™g¸ZË<Ãü7óŒz|úÌ3x4ÏàÓ<ƒWólh GZ-÷ë¸·Ïÿí<¸gðážÁ‹{?î<¹gð ë½"¸gðžÁ7xïàüƒgðžÁGx/áü„gðžÁWxoáü…gðžÁgx¯áü†gðžÁwxïáü‡gð žÁ‡x÷ÀŠø?â<‰gð%žÁ›xâ<Šgð)žÁ«x¿â<‹gð-žÁ»xÿâÍ`žÁÇx/ãüŒgð4žÁ×xoãü7ƒÅàÍÏàW<ƒgñ¾Å3xÏà_<ƒ‡ñ>Æ7˜ß/ãü¹gðèžÁ§{¯îüºgðìžÁ·{ïîü»gððžÁÇ{/ïü¼gðôžÁ×{oïü½gðøžÁç{¯ïü¾gðüžÁ÷{ïïü¿gð³X`ßàƒ=ƒö~Ø3xbÏà‹=ƒ7öþØ3xdÏà“=ƒWö~Ù3xfÏà›=ƒwö New and used capital expenditures For establishments in operation and any known plants under construction, manufacturers were asked to report their new expenditures for (1) permanent additions and major alterations to manufacturing establishments, and (2) machinery and equipment used for replacement and additions to plant capacity if they were of the type for which depreciation accounts were ordinarily maintained. The totals for new expenditures include expenditures leased from nonmanufac- turing concerns through capital leases. New facilities owned by the Federal Government but operated under contract by private companies, and plant and equipment furnished to the manufacturer by communities and nonprofit or- ganizations are excluded. Also excluded are expenditures for used plant and equipment (although reported in the census), expenditures for land, and cost of maintenance and repairs charged as current operating expenses. Manufac- turers also were requested to report the value of all used buildings and equipment purchased during the year at the purchase price. For any equipment or structure transferred for the use of the reporting establishment by the parent company or one of its subsidiaries, the value at which it was trans- ferred to the establishment was to be reported. Furthermore, if the es- tablishment changed ownership during the year, the cost of the fixed assets (building and equipment) was to be reported under used capital expenditures. Total expenditures for used plant and equipment is a universe figure; it is collected on all census forms. However, the breakdown of this figure between expenditures for used buildings and other structures and expenditures for used machinery and equipment is collected only on the ASM form. The data for total new capital expenditures, new building expenditures, and new machinery expenditures, as well as the data for total used expenditures, are shown in table 3b.disk full<>R6