mq yABS(_1)ACCEPTcounter_1 .AND. _2[_1]->ASC(_1)AT(_1, _2)BOF()CALLCDOW(_1)CHR(_1)CMONTH(_1)COL()CTOD(_1)DATE()DAY(_1)USEDECLAREDELETED()_1 / _2DOh(_1)DTOC(_1)DTOS(_ Z2EMPTY(_1)EOF()_1 = _2EXP(_1)_1 ^ _2ALIAS()ALIAS(_1jJ*hBZO.h|sW2 .hZl p m_O&JO W2 m_ m_ m_2u2 2sdud dai0XK1dd K1d l k9a 8disk full<>R6002 - floating point not loaded R6001 - null pointer assignment xDOMAIN error ySING error zTLOSS error : MATH - floating-point error: einvalid gdivide by 0 hoverflow nstack overflow pexplicitly generated R6000 - stack overflow R6003 - integer divide by 0 R6009 - not enough space for environment run-time error Value of shipments This item covers the received or receivable net selling values, f.o.b. plant (exclusive of freight and taxes), of all products shipped, both primary and secondary, as well as all miscellaneous receipts, such as receipts for contract work performed for others, installation and repair, sales of scrap, and sales of products bought and resold without further processing. Included are all items made by or for the establishments from materials owned by it, whether sold, transferred to other plants of the same company, or shipped on consignment. The net selling value of products made in one plant on a contract basis from materials owned by another was reported by the plant providing the materials. In the case of multiunit companies, the manufacturer was requested to report the value of products transferred to other establishments of the same company at full economic or commercial value, including not only the direct cost of production but also a reasonable proportion of "all other costs" (including company overhead) and profit. Individual products (see files MC87I6A, 6B, and 6C) As in previous censuses, data were collected for most industries on the quantity and value of individual products shipped. In the 1987 census program, information was collected on the output of approximately 11,000 in- dividual product items. The term "product", as used in the census of manufactures, represents the finest level of detail for which output informa- tion was requested. Consequently, it is not necessarily synonymous with the term "product" as used in the marketing sense. In some cases, it may be much more detailed and, in other cases, it is more aggregative. For example, "pharmaceutical preparations" was distributed into over 100 terms; whereas, "motor gasoline" was reported as a single item. Approximately 6,600 of the product items were listed separately on the 1987 census report forms. Data for about 4,400 products were obtained in the monthly, quarterly, or annual surveys comprising the Current Industrial Reports series of the Census Bureau. Totals for the year 1987 for these items, as derived from the commodity surveys, are shown in the "products shipped" table (table 6a-2). The list of products for which separate information was collected was prepared after consultation with industry and government representatives. Comparability with previous figures was given considerable weight in the selection of product categories so that comparable 1982 information is presented for most products. Typically, both quantity and value of shipments information were collected. However, if quantity was not significant or could not be reported by manufacturers, only value of shipments was collected. Shipments include both commercial shipments and transfers of products to other plants of the same company. For industries in which a considerable portion of the total shipments is transferred to other plants of the same company, separate information on interplant transfers also was collected. Moreover, for products that are used to a large degree within the same establishment as materials or com- ponents in the fabrication of other products, total production and often consumption of the item within the plant was collected. Typically, the information on production also was collected for products for which there are significant differences between total production and shipments in a given year because of wide fluctuations in finished goods inventories. Other measures of output of products with long production cycles were used as appropriate and feasible. Classes of products--To summarize the product information, the separate products were aggregated into classes of products that, in turn, were grouped into all primary products of each industry. The code structure used is a seven-digit number for the individual product, a five-digit number for the class of product, and a four-digit number for the total primary products in an industry. In the 1987 census, the 11,000 products were grouped into approximately 1,500 separate classes on the basis of general similarity of manufacturing proces- ses, types of materials used, and the like. However, the grouping of products was affected by the economic significance of the class and, in some cases, dissimilar products were grouped because the products were not sufficiently significant to warrant separate classes. Duplication in cost of materials and value of shipments The aggregate of the cost of materials and value of shipments figures for industry groups and for all manufacturing industries includes large amounts of duplication since the products of some industries are used as materials by others. This duplication results, in part, from the addition of related industries representing successive stages in the production of a finished manufactured product. Examples are the addition of flour mills to bakeries in the food group and the addition of pulp mills to paper mills in the paper and allied products group of industries. Estimates of the overall extent of this duplication indicate that the value of manufactured products exclusive of such duplication (the value of finished manufactures) tends to approximate two-thirds of the total value of products reported in the annual survey. Duplication of products within individual industries is significant within a number of industry groups, e.g., machinery and transportation industries. These industries frequently include complete machinery and their parts. In this case, the parts made for original equipment are materials consumed for assembly plants in the same industry. Even when no significant amount of duplication is involved, value of shipments figures are deficient as measures of the relative economic importance of individual manufacturing industries or geographic areas because of the wide variation in ratio of materials, labor, and other processing costs of value of shipments, both among industries and within the same industry. Before 1962, cost of materials and value of shipments were not published for some industries which included considerable duplication. Since then, these data have been published for all industries at the United States level and beginning in 1964, for all geographic levels.disk full<>R6002 - floating point not loaded R6001 - null pointer assignment xDOMAIN error ySING error zTLOSS error Specialization ratios Specialization ratio represents the ratio of primary product shipments to total product shipments (primary and secondary, excluding miscellaneous receipts) for the establishments classified in the industry. Specialization is not collected on the report forms but is derived from the data shown in table 5b. An establishment is classified in a particular industry if its shipments of primary products of that industry exceed in value its shipments of the products of any other single industry. As noted in the introduction, an establishment's shipments include those products assigned to an industry (primary products), those considered primary to other industries (secondary products), and receipts for miscellaneous activities (merchandising, contract work, resales, etc.). Specialization and coverage ratios have been developed to measure the relationship of primary product shipments to the data on shipments for the industry shown in tables 1a through 5a and data on product shipments shown in tables 6a through 6c.disk full<>R6002 - floating point not loaded R6001 - null pointer assignment xDOMAIN error ySING error zTLOSS error : MATH - floating-point error: einvalid gdivide by 0 hoverflow nstack overflow pexplicitly generated R6000 - stack overflow R6003 - integer divide by 0 R6009 - not enough space for environment run-time error Coverage ratio represents the ratio of primary products shipped by the establishments classified in the industry to the total shipments of such products that are shipped by all manufacturing establishments wherever classified. Coverage is not collected on the report forms but is derived from the data shown in table 5b. An establishment is classified in a particular industry if its shipments of primary products of that industry exceed in value its shipments of the products of any other single industry. As noted in the introduction, an establishment's shipments include those products assigned to an industry (primary products), those considered primary to other industries (secondary products), and receipts for miscellaneous activities (merchandising, contract work, resales, etc.). Specialization and coverage ratios have been developed to measure the relationship of primary product shipments to the data on shipments for the industry shown in tables 1a through 5a and data on product shipments shown in tables 6a through 6c.disk full<>R6002 - floating point not loaded R6001 - null pointer assignment xDOMAIN error ySING error zTLOSS error : MATH - floating-point error: einvalid gdivide by 0 hoverflow nstack overflow pexplicitly generated R6000 - stack overflow R6003 - integer divide by 0 R6009 - not enough space for environment run-time error The record type code generally identifies the type of area summarized, and these are standardized for all economic census files: 01 United States 02 State 04 MSA, CMSA, or PMSA 05 Summary for nonmetropolitan area within a state 06 County 07 Place 08 ZIP code Other record type codes indicate a type of table, and may apply only to one data series: Codes applicable to retail, wholesale, services, and transportation: 10 State (data correspond to published table 2) 11 State (data correspond to published table 3) 12 State (data correspond to published table 4) 20 U.S. (data correspond to published table 2) 21 U.S. (data correspond to published table 3) 22 U.S. (data correspond to published table 4) Codes applicable to the census of manufactures industry series: 51 1987-based SIC, corresponding to table 1a-1 and 1b-1 52 1972-based SIC, corresponding to table 1a-2 and 1b-2 53 1987 SIC's that changed and their 1972-based components, table 1c-1 54 1972 SIC's that changed and their 1987-based components, table 1c-2 Codes applicable to the Survey of Minority-Owned Business Enterprises: 61 U.S. by legal form of organization 62 U.S. by receipts size of firm 63 U.S. by employment size of firmdisk full<>R6002 - floating point not loaded R6001 - null pointer assignment xDOMAIN error ySING error zTLOSS error : MATH - floating-point error: einvalid gdivide by 0 hoverflow ns Standard Industrial Classification Each of the establishments covered in tbe census was classified in 1 of 459 manufacturing industries in accordance with the industry definitions in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual. The 1987 edition of this manual represents a major revision for manufacturing industries from the 1972 edition and its 1977 supplements. Appendix A of that manual notes the revisions in the four-digit industry levels between 1972/77 and 1987. An industry is generally defined as a group of establishments producing the same product or a closely related group of products. The product groupings from which industry classifications are derived are based on considerations such as similarity of manufacturing processes, types of materials used, types of customers, and the like. The resulting group of establishments must be significant in terms of number, value added by manufacture, value of shipments and number of employees. The system operates in such a way that the definitions progressively become narrower with successive additions of numerical digits. For 1987, there are 20 major groups (2-digit SIC), 139 industry groups (3-digit SIC), and 459 industries (4-digit SIC). This represents an expansion of four-digit industries from 452 in 1972/1977 and a reduction of three-digit groups from 143 in 1972/77. Product classes and products of the manufacturing industries have been assigned codes based on the industry from which they originate. There are about 11,000 products identified by a 7-digit code. The 7-digit products are considered the primary products of the industry with the same 4-digits. Accordingly, an establishment is usually classified in a particular industry on the basis of its major activity during a particular year, i.e., production of the products primary to that industry exceeds, in value, production of the products primary to any other single industry. In a few instances, however, the industry classification of an establishment is not only determined by the products it makes but also by the process employed in operations. Refining of nonferrous metals from ore or rolling and drawing of nonferrous metals (processes which involve heavy capitalization in specialized equipment) would be classified according to the process used during the census year. These establishments wouyld be "frozen" in that industry during the following ASM years.