CHAPTER I 1987 Economic Censuses on CD-ROM Overview CD-ROM Information...................................I-3 Background..........................................I-13 Publication Program.................................I-17 Geographic Code Structure...........................I-23 1987 ECONOMIC CENSUSES ON CD-ROM (1E) OVERVIEW CD-ROM Information Economic Censuses Volume 1: Report Series Release 1E CONTENTS Disc Contents I-3 File Structure I-5 Software on this Disc I-5 Other Software I-6 Electronic Bulletin Board for Errata I-6 DISC CONTENTS Files This disc includes statistical information from the 1987 Economic Censuses and several related data sets. These data may be accessed by way of public- domain software included on this disc (e.g., EXTRACT) or by various commercial software packages as discussed below. The statistics included are the same as published in corresponding printed report series, with a few exceptions (the Merchandise Line Sales, Commodity Line Sales, Location of Manufacturing Plants, and Surveys of Minority- and Women-Owned Business files include data not available in print). a. Geographic Area Series--(detailed information about establishments with payroll, by kind-of-business and by geographic areas U.S., States, metropolitan areas, counties, and places). 1. 1987 Census of Retail Trade 2. 1987 Census of Wholesale Trade 3. 1987 Census of Service Industries- 4. 1987 Census of Transportation 5. 1987 Census of Manufactures 6. 1987 Census of Mineral Industries 7. 1987 Census of Construction Industries b. Nonemployer Statistics--(statistics about establishments with no paid employees, by kind-of-business and by geographic area, complementing the Geographic Area series). 1. 1987 Census of Retail Trade 2. 1987 Census of Service Industries c. Industry Series--detailed information about establishments with payroll classified by industry and, in some cases, by the types of products produced or materials consumed--pr-esented primarily at the national level, but with limited State data.) 1. 1987 Census of Manufactures 2. 1987 Census of Construction Industries d. Merchandise/Commodity Line Sales--(statistics on sales by kind-of- business by retail merchandise line or wholesale commodity line, for the U.S., States, and metropolitan areas). 1. 1987 Census of Retail Trade 2. 1987 Census of Wholesale Trade e. Establishment and Firm Size--(general statistics by kind-of-business cross-tabulated by the size of the establishment or firm in terms of receipts or employment, the level of concentration in each kind of business in the largest firms, and legal form of organization--at the national level only.) 1. 1987 Census of Retail Trade 2. 1987 Census of Wholesale Trade 3. 1987 Census of Service Industries f. Survey of Minority-Owned Business Enterprises--(information for the United States, States, the District of Columbia, MSAs, counties and places. Included in disc 1E are statistics on Blacks; Hispanics; Asian Americans, American Indians, and Other Minorities; and the parallel Women-Owned Businesses.) g. Location of Manufacturing Plants--(Frequency counts of manufacturing establishments by employment-size class by 4-digit SIC for the US, States, counties, and places.) h. Selected Historical Statistics--Selected data from the 1982 and 1977 censuses of retail trade, wholesale trade, service industries, and manufactures support the study of change in economic characteristics over time. The data in these files are as originally published, without adjustment for comparability with statistics from the 1987 Economic Censuses. (Changes in the Standard Industrial Classification system, the definition of establishment counts, and boundaries of some geographic areas are discussed in Chapter 7 of the Guide to the 1987 Economic Censuses and Related Statistics.) i. Miscellaneous Files--Enterprise Statistics summarize the characteristics of firms rather than establishments. There is an alphabetic index to SIC codes. Also present are selected data from current programs, including data from the Annual Survey of Manufactures through 1991 and the Monthly Retail Trade survey through 1992. Users anticipating 1992 industrial census data may wish to review the Numerical List of Manufactured and Mineral Products. j. Auxiliary Files--Area code lists feature geographic area names and kind-of-business titles. Some of these files include extra useful codes or statistics, such as a flag indicating which MSAs changed 1982-1987, and population and per capita income estimates for selected geographic areas. (See Table 3.) Economic Census CD-ROM 1E includes all files issued earlier on discs 1A, 1B, 1C, and 1D. This documentation is similarly cumulative, and you need not retain the four sets of technical documentation issued earlier. The selected 1977 and 1982 files on CD-ROM are not described in detail in any of the documents, but generally follow a structure similar to that of their 1987 counterparts. Electronic documentation usable by computer programs, described below, is included on the disc for all data files present. Table 1 lists each of the types of files on this and prior editions of Economic Census CD-ROMs. All new features and other changes between Disc 1E and its predecessor Disc 1D are highlighted in Appendix H, at the end of Part 2 of this documentation. Subdirectory Structure CD-ROM 1E includes over 3500 files. For easy access they are organized in a number of subdirectories: \RC87 1987 Census of Retail Trade \WC87 1987 Census of Wholesale Trade \SC87 1987 Census of Service Industries \TC87 1987 Census of Transportation \MC87 1987 Census of Manufactures \MN87 1987 Census of Mineral Industries \CC87 1987 Census of Construction Industries \ES87 1987 Enterprise Statistics \CBO87 1987 Characteristics of Business Owners \SMOBE 1987 Surveys of Minority- and Women-Owned Businesses \SICINDEX Index to 1987 and 1972 Standard Industrial Classifications \RC82 1982 Census of Retail Trade \WC82 1982 Census of Wholesale Trade \SC82 1982 Census of Service Industries \MC82 1982 Census of Manufactures \RC77 1977 Census of Retail Trade \WC77 1977 Census of Wholesale Trade \SC77 1977 Census of Service Industries \MC77 1977 Census of Manufactures \ASM Annual Survey of Manufactures \EXPORT Analytical Reports \RMONTHLY Monthly Retail Sales \PROFILE Consolidated files for profiles \AUXIL Auxiliary files In the first three subdirectories, a second level of subdirectories groups together all of the files related to a particular state, and uses the two- character postal state abbreviation. Thus, to access a particular retail trade file for the state of California named RC87A1CA.DBF, the user may need to specify the full path and filename of L:\RC87\CA\RC87A1CA.DBF (assuming L: is the designated drive for the CD-ROM). The Geographic Area Series and Nonemployer Statistics files appear side by side within the State-specific subdirectories. Merchandise line sales and commodity line sales files are stored in the \RC87\LINES, \RC82\LINES, \RC77\LINES, and \WC87\LINES subdirectories even though these national files include state data. Establishment and Firm size files appear in the \RC87\US, \SC87\US, and \WC87\US subdirectories. File Size Almost all State-specific files on CD-ROM 1E are under 1 megabyte in size. Many of the national level files, e.g. merchandise line sales, establishment and firm size, and census of manufactures are considerably larger, up to 15 megabytes. Sizes of individual files can be accessed by way of the standard directory commands of your operating system. FILE STRUCTURE Data files on economic census CD-ROM's are presented in dBASE III+ format and have the extension .DBF. Most data files have one or more dBASE-compatible index files that can be used to quickly locate particular records or to change the sequence of access. While each file is fully functional on its own, its use can be enhanced by using it in conjunction with various auxiliary files also on the disc. These files include data dictionaries, label files, catalog files, and help screen files. Except for the help screen files, all of these auxiliary files are in dBASE III+ format. Data Dictionary Files Data dictionary files .DCT define the variables in the corresponding data file(s) more completely than can the dBASE 10-character variable name. Each data dictionary file has either the same filename as the corresponding .DBF file except that D is the last character of the filename, or has a shorter filename so that it can serve as data dictionary for a number of files that all start with the same characters in the filename. Dictionary files are in dBase III+ format even though they do not have the .DBF extension. Most data dictionaries include both a .DCT file and a matching .DBT file. The .DBT files carry definitions that are referenced as memo fields from the .DCT files. Label Files Label files .DBF carry the titles for each kind of business and geographic area. These files may also be referred to as stub files, since they carry the text information normally found in the stub (i.e., left-hand column) of printed tables. Memo fields may be used to provide longer definitions of values, in which case there is a .DBT file with the same file name. Each label file is indexed to the values of code fields on the corresponding data files. (For more information about specific files, see Table 3) In dBASE III or IV, the SET RELATION TO command can be used to link these value titles to the corresponding records in data files. Label files, particularly those with names for geographic areas, may be useful independent of these data files. Catalog Files Catalog files .CTG list the files of a particular type that are available, along with a one-line description of each one. The "MASTER.CTG" lists the available catalogs, or types of files, available on the device. Files with the extension .CTI list index files. Help Screen Files Each catalog of files has a corresponding ASCII text file ".TXT" which can be printed out to give a brief narrative description of that group of files. SOFTWARE ON THIS DISC EXTRACT Software A public-domain program is available for use by those people without access to or familiarity with a full-featured commercial relational data base system like dBASE. The EXTRACT program can be used to selectively display data from the files to the computer screen, print them out, or extract data to a file. The EXTRACT program is particularly easy to use because most operations, such as selecting items or records, are selected from simple menus. Most elements of the technical documentation and auxiliary files are actually incorporated into the EXTRACT system, so that it is possible, for instance, to consult narrative definitions of concepts from inside the program. EXTRACT's key significance is in its ability to create subsets from the large CD-ROM data bases and record them as files on a floppy or hard disk. The user can then import these extracted data into a spreadsheet, such as Lotus 1-2-3(TM); a graphics package, such as Harvard Graphics(TM) or Atlas Graphics(TM); a statistical package, such as SPSS-PC(TM); or word processor. Extracted files can be created in dBASE format, ASCII fixed field format, or ASCII comma-delimited format. The latest version of EXTRACT available at the time of this release is included on the CD-ROM in the \EXTRACT subdirectory. Installation instructions are given in a file in that subdirectory entitled READ.ME. For full documentation, consult Appendix D in the documentation for Economic Census CD-ROM 2B, or print out the file EXTRACT.DOC in the \EXTRACT subdirectory of CD-ROM 1E. Introductory tutorials in the use of EXTRACT with selected files on this disc are available in the text files EXTUTOR1 and EXTUTOR2. The EXTRACT software is in the public domain, and may be freely copied for others users. The same program works with Economic Census CD-ROM 2B, the 1987 Census of Agriculture Geographic Area Series disc, and with County Business Patterns discs. The program works with several other Census Bureau CD-ROMs, but only after specially designed "auxiliary files" have been installed on the user's hard disk. Compressed versions of all auxiliary files available at the time of production are included in the EXTRACT directory of the CD-ROM, including those required for 1990 Census STFs 1 and 3. Profile Software The Profile2 program generates a multi-page summary report of data for any state or county from the censuses of retail trade, wholesale trade, service industries, manufactures, and mineral industries. (One-page MSA profiles may also be generated). These profile reports are designed as introductions to the detail available here and elsewhere, and are well designed for use at exhibits or libraries, or to generate handouts for training sessions. They are very easy to use, but do not offer flexibility in defining data requests such as is possible with the EXTRACT software. The profile programs are included in the \PROFILE subdirectory on the CD-ROM. For more information about running the programs, see the READ.ME file in that subdirectory. OTHER SOFTWARE Commercial Software Many commercial software packages can work directly with the dBASE-format files on this CD-ROM. In the IBM-compatible environment, these programs include dBASE III+(TM), dBASE IV(TM), FoxPro(TM), Clipper(TM), Quattro Pro(TM), and VP-Planner(TM). In the Apple MacIntosh(TM) environment, they include FoxBase(TM). Many other software packages include utilities that can convert data files in dBASE form to their own proprietary format for data manipulation. Some of those packages have difficulty with very large files, such as some of those on this CD-ROM. For systems with constraints on file size, such as Lotus 1- 2-3(TM), it is preferable to use another program, such as the EXTRACT program, to extract a subset of the data file prior to importation. Public-Domain Software and Shareware Various free or inexpensive programs are available through microcomputer user groups and electronic bulletin boards that can augment the use of data files such as these. (Public-domain programs are free; "shareware" programs are distributed for examination without charge, but with the request that the user pay a registration fee to the author if the user elects to continue using the software.) If such programs designed to work with this disc become available in the public domain, they will be available from the electronic bulletin board cited below. Other programs not specifically designed for this disc may also be useful. For instance, PKZIP, PKPAK, ARC, LHA and similar programs can compress data files so that they may be stored in a fraction of their original size. This allows users to transfer to floppy disks files normally much larger than the capacity of the disk. A complementary program must be used to decompress the data at the receiving computer before it is usable to other software. These programs are available through a number of electronic bulletin boards. ELECTRONIC BULLETIN BOARD FOR ERRATA If any errors are discovered in the CD-ROM or this documentation, correction notices will be posted immediately by way of the Census Bureau's electronic bulletin board. Registration to use the board is accomplished by calling in by computer and filling out the registration form on-line. New registrants are immediately able to read messages in the ECON or CDROM conferences, ask questions, or download selected files, such as the latest version of the EXTRACT or Profile software, or "fixes" for any defects that may be found in files previously issued on CD-ROM. There are no charges for access to the bulletin board, other than the user's own long-distance telephone charges. Census Bureau bulletin board: (301) 763-7554 or for assistance (voice) (301) 763-1580. Table 1: Summary of CD-ROMs from the 1987 Economic Censusese ---CD-ROM Volume 1---- --Vol.2-- Geographic 1989 1990 1990 1991 1993 1990 1992 (revised: Jul 1993) Areas1 Dec May Nov Nov Sep Aug Feb -1a- -1b- -1c- -1d- -1e- -2a- 2b- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- RETAIL TRADE Geographic Area Series N S M C P ++++ ++++ +++3 ++++ ++++ Nonemployer Statistics N S M C P +++3 ++++ ++++ Establishment/ Firm Size N ++++ ++++ ++++ Merchandise Line Sales* N S M +++3 ++++ ++++ Special Report N S M ++++ ZIP Code Statistics* S Z ++++ ++++ Mo. Retail Trade (67-92) N S2M2 ++++ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- WHOLESALE TRADE Geographic Area Series N S M C P +++2 ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ Establish- ment/Firm Size N ++++ ++++ ++++ Commodity Line Sales* N S2M2 ++++ ++++ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- SERVICE INDUSTRIES Geographic Area Series N S M C P +++2 ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ Nonemployer Statistics N S M C P +++3 ++++ ++++ Establish- ment/Firm Size N ++++ ++++ ++++ ZIP Code Statistics* S Z ++++ ++++ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- TRANSPORT- ATION Geographic Area Series N S M ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- MANUFACTURES Preliminary U.S. Summary N S +++3 +++3 +++3 Industry Series (final) N S +++3 ++++ Geographic Area Series N S M C P +++3 ++++ Location of Mfg Plants* N S C P Z ++++ ++++ +++3 Concentra- tion Ratios N ++++ Exports from Mfg Estabs N S ++++ ++++ Sel Char- Estab that Export N S ++++ Annual Survey of Mfrs: 91 N S ++++ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- MINERAL INDUSTRIES Geographic Area Series (pt) N S C ++++ ++++ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRIES Industry Series (final) N S +++3 +++ Geographic Area Series N S M2 +++3 +++ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- OTHER Enterprise Statistics N ++++ SMOBE: Black* N S M C P ++++ ++++ SMOBE: Hispanic* N S M C P ++++ SMOBE: Asian, Indian, other* N S M C P ++++ SMOBE: Summary* N S ++++ Women-Owned Business* N S M C P ++++ ++++ Agriculture-- ZIP Codes* S Z ++++ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- SELECTED HISTORICAL STATISTICS Retail, Wholesale, Services (1982, 1977) State/county/ place table S M C P ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ Merchandise line sales N S M ++++ ++++ ++++ Manufactures (1982, 1977) Geo area series (excerpt) N S M C P ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ Location of Mfg Plants* N S C P ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ---------- *. Includes data not available in print 1. ational, tates, etro areas, ounties,

laces, IP Codes 2. Only selected areas are included 3. Some of these data superseded on later disc in series or on Disc 1E TABLE 2 State Abbreviation Codes STATE ABBREVIATION Alabama AL Alaska AK Arizona AZ Arkansas AR California CA Colorado CO Connecticut CT Delaware DE District of Columbia DC Florida FL Georgia GA Hawaii HI Idaho ID Illinois IL Indiana IN Iowa IA Kansas KS Kentucky KY Louisiana LA Maine ME Maryland MD Massachusetts MA Michigan MI Minnesota MN Mississippi MS Missouri MO Montana MT Nebraska NE Nevada NV New Hampshire NH New Jersey NJ New Mexico NM New York NY North Carolina NC North Dakota ND Ohio OH Oklahoma OK Oregon OR Pennsylvania PA Rhode Island RI South Carolina SC South Dakota SD Tennessee TN Texas TX Utah UT Vermont VT Virginia VA Washington WA West Virginia WV Wisconsin WI Wyoming WY TABLE 3 Auxiliary Files on the CD-ROM 1. Kind-of-Businesses Titles and Codes a. RTL87KB.dbf b. WHS87KB.dbf c. SVC87KB.dbf d. TRN87KB.dbf Each of these files provides kind-of-business codes and titles. Note that the SIC code is treated as part of the kind-of-business title rather than used as the code link in these four censuses because data are sometimes provided for subdivisions of individual SICs, and because some of the higher level summary lines represent combinations of SICs that do not fit within the 2-, 3-, and 4-digit SIC structure. Each of these files includes a dBase "memo" field entitled DEFINITION, which presents a narrative definition for most kind-of-business categories. e. MC87SIC.dbf f. MC72SIC.dbf g. MN87SIC.dbf h. CC87SIC.dbf 2. Geographic Area Names and Codes a. STCODE.dbf 1) Records for: the U.S., each region, division and State 2) Indexes: a) ST.ndx (key ST) by FIPS State code b) STABBREV.ndx (key TEXT2) by 2-character postal State abbr eviation 3) Special fields: a) STCENSUS (geographic state code where the first digit is a code for census division) b) POP87, POP82, POP77 (July 1 population estimates for 1987, 1982, and 1977) b. STCOUNTY.dbf 1) Records for: the U.S., States, counties 2) Index: COUNTY.ndx (key ST+COUNTY) 3) Special fields: a) STCENSUS (geographic State code where the first digit is a code for census division) b) STCOUNTY (combination of state and county code into a single 5-digit code; some mapping programs require one code instead of two) c) SMSA82 (SMSA code applicable in 1982--and in most cases also for 1977 and 1972; not available for New England counties) d) POP87, POP82, POP77 (July 1 population estimates for 1987, 1982, and 1977) c. STPLACE.dbf 1) Records for: the U.S., States, counties, places with 2,500 or more inhabitants (including selected towns/townships in the Northeast) 2) Indexes: a) PLACE.ndx (key ST+PLACE+COUNTY) b) PLACEFIP.ndx (key ST+PLACEFIP) 3) Special fields: a) POP88, POP80 (Population estimate for July 1, 1988; census count for April 1, 1980) b) PCI87, PCI79 (Per capita income estimates for 1987 and 1979) d. MSA.dbf 1) Records for: each metropolitan area--MSA, CMSA, or PMSA; each part-within-State for metro areas that cross State lines; each MSA defined for 1982, 1977, and 1972 censuses 2) Indexes: a) MSA.ndx (key MSA+PMSA) b) PMSA.ndx (key PMSA) 3) Special fields: a) CM (2-digit CMSA code used in certain non-census data bases, instead of the 4-digit CMSA code used here which merges in with the 4-digit MSA codes) b) ST (While most data files use a state code of "00" for all MSA's, this file shows the actual state code for all MSA's entirely within a State and for part-in-State records for multi-State MSA's) c) CHG (flag denoting those MSA's which did not exist in 1982 or which have different boundaries than their 1982 counterpart SMSA) 3. Other Auxiliary Files a. Retail merchandise and wholesale commodity line files 1) RTL87ML, RTL82ML, and RTL77ML 2) WHS87CL b. Definitions for miscellaneous codes 1) MISCODE (Codes for RECTYPE and other variables) 2) SIZECODE (Codes for the Establishment and Firm Size files for retail, wholesale, and services) 3) MC87MISC (Codes used in manufactures files) 4) CC87MISC (Codes used in construction files) 4. Sample Lines of Code that Can be Used in dBase III+ to View Data and Geographic Names Together. Select A Use L:\RC87\NY\RC87A1NY Set filter to RECTYPE="07" Select B Use L:\AUXIL\STPLACE index L:\AUXIL\PLACE Select A Set relation to PLACE into B Browse fields B->TEXT, RTL87KB, ESTAB, SALES 1987 ECONOMIC CENSUSES ON CD-ROM (1E) OVERVIEW Background CONTENTS Purpose and Uses of Economic Censuses I-13 Authority and Scope I-13 Availability of the Data I-13 What's New in 1987 I-13 Historical Information I-14 Availability of More Frequent Economic Data I-14 Sources for More Information I-14 Census Disclosure Rules I-14 Dollar Values I-15 Reliability of Data I-15 Special Tabulations I-15 Abbreviations and Symbols I-15 Comparability of the 1982 and 1987 Censuses I-15 PURPOSE AND USES OF THE ECONOMIC CENSUSES The economic censuses are the major source of facts about the structure and functioning of the Nation's economy. They provide essential information for government, business, industry, and the general public. Economic censuses furnish an important part of the framework for such composite measures as the gross national product, input-output measures, production and price indexes, and other statistical series that measure short-term changes in economic conditions. Policy-making agencies of the Federal Government use the data, especially in monitoring economic activity and providing assistance to business. State and local Governments use the data to assess business activities and tax bases within their jurisdictions and to develop programs to attract business. Trade associations study trends in their own and competing industries, and keep their members informed of market changes. Individual businesses use the data to locate potential markets and to analyze their own production and sales performance relative to industry or area averages. AUTHORITY AND SCOPE Title 13 of the United States Code (sections 131, 191, and 224) directs the Census Bureau to take the economic censuses every 5 years, covering years ending in 2 and 7. The 1987 Economic Censuses consist of the Census of Retail Trade Census of Wholesale Trade Census of Service Industries Census of Transportation Census of Manufactures Census of Mineral Industries Census of Construction Industries Special programs also cover enterprise statistics and minority-owned and women-owned businesses. (The 1987 Census of Agriculture and 1987 Census of Governments are conducted separately). The next economic censuses are scheduled to be taken in 1993 covering the year 1992. AVAILABILITY OF THE DATA The results of each of the economic censuses are available in printed reports, for sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office, and on microfiche, computer tape, compact discs with read-only memory, and flexible diskettes, for sale by the Census Bureau. Order forms for all types of products are available on request from Customer Services, Census Bureau, Washington, DC 20233 (301/763-4100). Census facts are also widely disseminated by trade associations, business journals, and newspapers. Volumes containing census statistics are available in most major public and college libraries. Finally, State Data Centers in every State and Business and Industry Data Centers in many States also supply economic census statistics. WHAT'S NEW IN 1987 Several changes have taken place for the 1987 censuses. Data are reported on the basis of the newly revised Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system with selected reports including ``bridge tables,'' linking the old and new classification systems. A new set of metropolitan areas has been adopted, and more detailed information is available for businesses with no paid employees. For additional information on these changes, review the subsequent text. Historical Information The economic censuses have been taken together as an integrated program at 5- year intervals since 1967, and before that for 1963, 1958, and 1954. Prior to that time, the individual censuses were taken separately at varying intervals. The economic censuses trace their beginnings to the 1810 Decennial Census, when questions on manufacturing were included with those for population. Coverage of economic activities was expanded for 1840 and subsequent censuses to include mining and some commercial activities. In 1902, Congress established a permanent Census Bureau and directed that a census of manufactures be taken every 5 years. The 1905 manufactures census was the first time a census was taken apart from the regular every-10-year population census. The first census of business was taken in 1930, covering 1929. Initially it covered retail and wholesale trade, and construction industries, but it was broadened in 1933 to include some of the service trades. The 1954 economic censuses were the first to be fully integrated providing comparable census data across economic sectors, using consistent time periods, concepts, definitions, classifications, and reporting units. These were the first censuses to be taken by mail, using lists of firms provided by the administrative records of other federal agencies. Since 1963, administrative records have also been used to provide basic statistics as well for very small firms, reducing or eliminating the need to send them census questionnaires. The Enterprise Statistics Program, which publishes combined data from the economic censuses, was made possible with the implementation of the integrated census program in 1954. The range of industries covered in the economic censuses has continued to expand. The Census of Construction Industries began on a regular basis in 1967, and the scope of service industries was broadened in 1967, 1977, and 1987. The Census of Transportation began in 1963 as a set of surveys covering travel, transportation of commodities, and trucks. New for 1987 are publications reporting on business establishments engaged in several transportation industries, paralleling the data on establishments in other sectors. This is part of a gradual expansion in coverage of industries previously subjected to government regulation. The Survey of Minority-Owned Business Enterprises was first conducted as a special project in 1969 and was incorporated into the economic censuses in 1972 along with the Survey of Women-Owned Businesses. Economic censuses have also been taken in Puerto Rico since 1909, in the Virgin Islands and Guam since 1958, and in the Northern Mariana Islands since 1982. Statistical reports from the 1982 and earlier censuses provide historical figures for the study of long-term time series, and are available in some large libraries. All of the census data published since 1967 are still available for sale on microfiche from the Census Bureau. Availability of More Frequent Economic Data While the censuses provide complete enumerations every 5 years, there are many needs for more frequent data as well. The Census Bureau conducts a number of monthly, quarterly, and annual surveys, the results of which appear in publication series such as Current Business Reports (retail and wholesale trade and service industries), the Annual Survey of Manufactures, Current Industrial Reports, and the Quarterly Financial Report. Most of these surveys, while providing more frequent observations, yield less kind-of- business and geographic detail than the censuses. The County Business Patterns program offers annual statistics on the number of establishments, employment, and payroll classified by industry within each county. Sources for More Information More information about the scope, coverage, classification system, data items, and publications for each of the economic censuses and related surveys is published in the Guide to the 1987 Economic Censuses and Related Statistics. More information on the methodology, procedures, and history of the censuses will be published in the History of the 1987 Economic Censuses. Contact Customer Services for information on availability. Census Disclosure Rules In accordance with Federal law governing census reports, no data are published that would disclose the operations of an individual establishment or business. However, the number of establishments in a kind-of-business classification is not considered a disclosure, so that information may be released even though other information is withheld. Dollar Values All dollar values presented in this report are expressed in current dollars, i.e., 1987 data are expressed in 1987 dollars and 1982 data in 1982 dollars. Consequently, when making comparisons to prior years, users of the data should consider the inflation that has occurred. Reliability of Data All establishment and firm size as well as nonemployer data on CD-ROM originated from either census questionnaires or administrative reports of other Federal agencies and, therefore, are not subject to sampling errors. However, the data are subject to nonsampling errors. Nonsampling errors can be attributed to many sources: inability to identify all cases in the actual universe; definition and classification difficulties, differences in the interpretation of questions; errors in recording or coding the data obtained; and other errors of collection, response, coverage, and estimation for missing or misreported data. The accuracy of these tabulated data is determined by the joint effects of the various nonsampling errors. No direct measurement of these effects has been obtained except for estimation for missing or misreported data; however, precautionary steps were taken in all phases of the collection, processing, and tabulation of the data in an effort to minimize the effects of nonsampling errors. The Bureau of the Census obtains on computer tape limited information extracted from administrative records of other Federal agencies. This information is used in conjunction with other information available to the Census Bureau to develop estimates for nonemployers, small employers, and other establishments for which responses were not received in time for publication. SPECIAL TABULATIONS Special tabulations of data collected in the 1987 Economic Censuses may be obtained, depending on availability of time and personnel, on diskette, computer tape, or in tabular form. The data will be in summary form and subject to the same rules prohibiting disclosure of confidential information (including name, address, kind of business, or other data for individual business establishments or companies) as are the regular publications. Special tabulations are prepared on a cost basis. A request for a cost estimate, as well as exact specifications on the type and format of the data to be provided, should be directed to the Chief, Business Division or Chief, Industry Division, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233. To discuss a special tabulation before submitting specifications, call (301) 763-5282 or (301) 763-5850. Abbreviations and Symbols The following abbreviations and symbols are used in this documentation: CMSA Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area. ML Merchandise line. MSA Metropolitan Statistical Area. n.e.c. Not elsewhere classified. PMSA Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area. pt. Part. r Revised. SIC Standard Industrial Classification. Comparability of the 1982 and 1987 Censuses The 1982 and 1987 censuses were conducted under similar conditions and procedures except for the following: Classifications In 1982, classifications were based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual and its 1977 Supplement. For 1987, classifications are based on the 1987 SIC Manual. There are major revisions to the SIC structure for 1987 which limit the comparability of data between the 1982 and 1987 censuses. The kinds of business involving the most significant changes for retail trade are within SIC major groups 53 and 57. These changes are described in the ``Kind-of- Business Classifications.'' It was not possible to retabulate 1982 data based on the revised 1987 classifications for comparative purposes since, in many cases, the necessary information was not available for assigning the new 1987 classifications to the 1982 records. However, 1987 census records were assigned both a 1987 and 1982 census classification. Census data for 1987 are presented based on the 1987 classifications in this publication. In addition, data for the United States and each State are presented for both 1987 and 1982 based on the 1972 classifications in Tables 3 and 4 of the Geographic Area Series reports. Geographic areas The boundaries of a number of areas for which data are shown in the 1987 census are not the same as in the 1982 census because of annexations; other boundary changes; and redefinitions of previously defined standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSA's) and standard consolidated statistical areas (SCSA's) into metropolitan statistical areas (MSA's), primary metropolitan statistical areas (PMSA's), and consolidated metropolitan statistical areas (CMSA's).4 Establishments In 1982 and prior censuses, in censuses of retail trade, wholesale trade, and services industries, the count of establishments represented the number in business at the end of the year. For all 1987 censuses, the count of establishments represents those in business at end of year and those not in business at end of year. ---------- 4. Newly defined metropolitan statistical areas (MSA's) and also certain terminology changes were announced by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) effective June 30, 1983. The previous term ``standard metropolitan statistical area'' was shortened to metropolitan statistical area. If an area has more than 1 million population and meets certain other specified requirements, it now is termed a ``consolidated metropolitan statistical area'' (CMSA) and consists of major components recognized as ``primary metropolitan statistical areas'' (PMSA's). Many of these PMSA's were formerly recognized as SMSA's and the majority were also included in standard consolidated statistical areas defined by OMB beginning in 1975, each of which consisted of two or more closely associated SMSA's. Metropolitan areas not included in CMSA's are designated simply as metropolitan statistical areas (MSA's). This report series presents data for each MSA defined by the OMB as of June 30, 1987. 1987 ECONOMIC CENSUSES ON CD-ROM (1E) OVERVIEW Publication Program CONTENTS 1987 Census of Retail Trade I-17 1987 Census of Service Industries I-18 1987 Census of Wholesale Trade I-19 1987 Census of Manufactures I-20 1987 Census of Transportation I-21 1987 Census of Construction Industries I-22 Publications of the 1987 census of retail trade, wholesale trade, service industries, manufactures, transportation, and construction containing data on establishments in the United States, are described below. Publication order forms for the specific reports may be obtained from any Department of Commerce district office or from Data User Services Division, Customer Services, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233. The first detailed statistics are issued in separate paperbound reports. 1987 Census of Retail Trade Geographic area series--52 reports (RC87-A-1 to -52) A separate paperbound report is being published for each State, the District of Columbia, and the United States. Each report presents general statistics for establishments with payroll, employment, and number of proprietorships and partnerships, by varied retail classifications. All statistics are presented for the State, MSA's, counties, and places with 2,500 inhabitants or more. Greater kind-of- business detail is shown for larger areas. For each State, the District of Columbia, and the United States, 1987 data are provided by kind-of-business on sales and employees per establishment and sales and payroll per employee. Comparative statistics showing percent changes in sales and payroll between 1982 and 1987 are shown by kind of business. Nonemployer statistics series--4 reports(RC87-N-1 to -4) Four separate reports are being issued, each containing data for the states located in the four different regions. Data are included by kind-of-business on all establishments, establishments with payroll, and establishments without payroll for the United States. Also presented are statistics for establishments and sales by varied retail classifications for each State and, within each State, for MSA's, counties, and places with 2,500 inhabitants or more. Subject series--55 reports (RC87-S-1, -2, -3, and -4) The first report (RC87-S-1) presents data based on size of establishment, size of company or firm, and legal form of organization. Establishment statistics are presented by sales size and by employment size; statistics for firms, by sales size (including concentration by largest firms), by employment size, and by number of establishments operated (single units and multiunits). Statistics are presented for establishments with payroll by kind-of-business on the number of establishments, sales, payroll and employment for the United States. A report (RC87-S-2) on measures of value produced, capital expenditures, depreciable assets, and operating expenses presents data for retail firms with payroll for the United States by major kinds of business. Data also are provided on sales, purchases, and beginning and ending inventories. Measures of value produced include gross margin, value added, and net income produced at market prices and factor costs. Operating expenses include annual payroll, supplemental labor costs, purchased services, etc. [This data set is not scheduled to be available on CD-ROM.] The merchandise line sales series (RC87-S-3) presents data on major categories of merchandise sold by retail kinds of business for each State and the District of Columbia, each MSA, and the United States as a whole. Data for States and MSA's will be available on computerized media only. Tables present data for establishments with payroll for each kind of business and show, for each merchandise line, the number of establishments handling the line and their sales of the line; the percentage of total sales of the kind of business accounted for by each of the lines carried; and, for establishments actually handling a specific line, the percentage of their sales represented by sales of that line. Summary statistics also are provided for the 41 broad merchandise line categories, including counts of establishments and the amount and percent of the line sold by various kinds of retail businesses. A miscellaneous subjects report (RC87-S-4) contains special statistics on eating and drinking places, gasoline service stations and liquefied petroleum (LP) gas dealers, and other miscellaneous subjects. Data are presented for the United States as a whole and, where feasible, for States and MSA'S. Special report series 1 report (RC87-SP-1) The Selected Statistics report presents selected aggregate data on retail trade, including statistics not included in the other final reports. Other Economic Censuses Reports Data on wholesale trade, service industries, construction industries, manufactures, mineral industries, transportation, enterprise statistics, minority-owned business enterprises, and women-owned businesses also are available from the 1987 Economic Censuses. A separate series of reports covers the censuses of outlying areas Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands of the United States, Guam, and the Northern Marianas. Separate announcements describing these reports are available free of charge from Data User Services Division, Customer Services (Order Desk), Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233. 1987 Census of Service Industries Geographic area series 52 reports (SC87-A-1 to -52) A separate paperbound report containing data for establishments with payroll is being published for each State, the District of Columbia, and the United States. For establishments or firms subject to Federal income tax, each State report presents general statistics on number of establishments, receipts, payroll, and employment, by varied service classifications, for the State, MSA's, counties, and places with 350 service establishments or more, by kind of business. Greater kind-of-business detail is shown for larger areas. In addition, for places with 2,500 inhabitants or more and for all counties, statistics are provided on number of establishments and receipts for 10 major kind-of-business groups. For establishments or firms exempt from Federal income tax, each State report presents statistics on number of establishments, revenue, payroll, and employment by varied service classifications, for the State and MSA's. Greater kind-of-business detail is shown for larger areas. The United States Summary report presents data for the United States as a whole for establishments with payroll of firms subject to Federal income tax, as well as those exempt from Federal income tax, for detailed kind-of-business classifications. Statistics on number of establishments and receipts/revenue are also shown for States and MSA's by kind of business. For each State, the District of Columbia, and the United States, 1987 data are provided on receipts/revenue and employee per establishment and on receipts/revenue and payroll per employee. Comparative statistics showing percent changes in receipts/expenses and payroll between 1982 and 1987 also are shown. Nonemployer statistics series 4 reports (SC87-N-1 to -4) Four separate reports are being issued, each containing data for the States located in the four different regions. Data are included by kind of business for all establishments, establishments with payroll, and establishments without payroll for the United States. Also presented are statistics for establishments without payroll on number of establishments and receipts/revenue by varied service classifications for each State and, within each State, for MSA's, counties, and places with 2,500 inhabitants or more. Subject series 4 reports (SC87-S-1 to -4) The first report (SC87-S-1) presents data for establishments with payroll, based on size of establishment, size of company or firm, and legal form of organization. Establishment statistics are presented by receipts/revenue size and by employment size; statistics for firms, by receipts/revenue size (including concentration by largest firms), by employment size, and by number of establishments operated (single units and multiunits). Statistics are presented by kind of business on the number of establishments, receipts/revenue, payroll, and employment for the United States. A report (SC87-S-2) on capital expenditures, depreciable assets, and operating expenses presents data for firms with payroll for the United States by major kinds of business. Operating expenses include annual payroll, supplemental labor costs, purchased services, etc. Receipts data also are provided. Two other reports (SC87-S3 and -4) contain data for hotels, motels, and other lodging places, and other miscellaneous subjects. Data are presented for the United States as a whole and, where feasible, for States and MSA'S. 1987 Census of Wholesale Trade Geographic area series reports (WC87-A-1 to -52) A separate paperbound report is being published for each State, the District of Columbia, and the United States. Each report presents general statistics on number of establishments, sales, payroll, employment, operating expenses, and inventories for all establishments with payroll. At the State level, data also are presented separately for the following types of wholesale operation: merchant wholesalers; manufacturers' sales branches and offices; and agents, brokers, and commission merchants. Less type-of-operation detail is shown below the State level. For States, MSA's, and counties and places with 200 wholesale establishments or more, statistics are presented by kind of business. Greater kind-of-business detail is shown for larger areas. In addition, data are shown for all places with 2,500 inhabitants or more and all counties (with no kind-of-business detail). For each State, the District of Columbia, and the United States 1982 data are provided on sales and employees per establishment, sales and payroll per employee, payroll as a percent of operating expenses, and operating expenses and end-of-year inventories as percentages of sales. Comparative statistics showing percent changes in sales and payroll between 1982 and 1987 also are shown by kind of business. Subject series 4 reports (WC87-S-1 to 4) The first report (WC87-S-1) presents data based on size of establishment, size of company or firm (firm size is based on all establishments operated by a firm within the same kind of business or kind-of-business group for which data are presented), and legal form of organization. Establishment statistics are presented by sales size and by employment size; statistics for firms, by sales size (including concentration by largest firms), by employment size, and by number of establishments operated (single units and multiunits). Statistics are presented by kind of business on the number of establishments, sales, payroll, and employment for the United States. A report (WC87-S-2) on measures of value produced, capital expenditures, depreciable assets, and operating expenses presents data for the United States by major kinds of business. Data also are provided on sales, purchases, and beginning and ending inventories. Measures of value produced include gross margin, value added, and net income produced at market prices and factor costs. Operating expenses include annual payroll, supplemental labor costs, purchased services, etc. The commodity line sales report (WC87-S-3) presents data on major categories of commodities sold by wholesale kinds of business for the United States. Data for 15 selected MSA's and 15 selected States will be issued on computer tape and CD-ROM only. Tables present data for each kind of business and show, for each commodity line, the number of establishments handling the line and their sales of the line; the percentage of total sales of the kind of business accounted for by each of the lines carried; and, for establishments actually handling a specific line, the percentage of their total sales represented by sales of that line. Summary statistics also are provided for the broad commodity line categories, including counts of establishments and the amount and percent of the line sold by various kinds of wholesale businesses. A miscellaneous subjects report (WC87-S-4) contains data by kind of business on employment by principal activity, sales by class of customer, inventory valuation methods, commissions and gross selling value of business conducted for others by agents and brokers, and on petroleum bulk stations and terminals. Data are presented for the United States as a whole and, for petroleum bulk stations and terminals, for States and counties. OTHER ECONOMIC CENSUSES REPORTS Data on construction industries, manufactures, mineral industries, transportation, enterprise statistics, minority- owned business enterprises, and women-owned businesses also are available from the 1987 Economic Censuses. A separate series of reports covers the censuses of outlying areas Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands of the United States, Guam, and the Northern Marianas. Separate announcements describing these reports are available free of charge from Data User Services Division, Customer Services (Publications), Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233. Microfiche Every final published report in the 1987 Census of Wholesale Trade will be available on microfiche. 1987 Census of Manufactures Publications of the 1987 Census of Manufactures, containing preliminary and final data on manufacturing establishments in the United States, are described below. Publications order forms for the specific reports may be obtained from any Department of Commerce district office or from Data User Services Division, Customer Services (Publications), Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233. Preliminary Reports Industry series 83 reports (MC87-I-20A(P) to -39D(P)) Preliminary industry data are issued in 83 separate reports covering 459 industries. Preliminary summary data for the U.S. and States are released in one report. FINAL REPORTS Industry series 83 reports (MC87-1-20A to -39D) Each of the 83 reports provides information for a group of related industries ("dairy products" includes industries for butter, cheese, milk etc.). Final figures for the United States are shown for each of the 459 manufacturing industries on quantity and value of products shipped and materials consumed, cost of fuels and electric energy, capital expenditures, assets, rents, inventories, employment, payroll, payroll supplements, hours worked, value added by manufacture, number of establishments, and number of companies. Comparative statistics for earlier years are provided where available. For each industry, data on value of shipments, value added by manufacture, capital expenditures, employment, and payroll are shown by employment-size class of establishment, State, and degree of primary product specialization. Geographic area series 51 reports (MC87-A to -51) A separate report is being published for each State and the District of Columbia. Each report presents data for industry groups and industries on value of shipments, cost of materials, value added by manufacture, employment, payroll, hours worked, new capital expenditures, and number of manufacturing establishments for the State, MSA's, counties, and selected places. Comparative statistics for earlier census years are shown for the State and large MSA's. Manufacturing totals are presented for each county and for places with significant manufacturing activity. Detailed statistics (including inventories, assets, rents, and energy costs) are presented only in statewide totals. Subject series 7 reports (MC87-S-1 to -7) Each of the seven reports contains detailed statistics for an individual subject, such as concentration ratios in manufacturing, type of organization, water use in manufacturing, textile machinery in place, distribution of sales by class of customer, manufacturers' shipments to the Federal government, and a general national-level summary. Reference series 1 report (MC87-R-1) The Numerical List of Manufactured and Mineral products includes a description of the principal products and services published in the 1987 Census of Manufactures and Mineral Industries. Location of Manufacturing Plants 1 report (MC87 LM) This report includes data for number of establishments by four-digit SIC industry and by employment-size class for counties, incorporated places of 2,500 inhabitants or more, and zip codes for each State. (This report is available only on magnetic tape and CD-ROM) Analytical Reports 3 reports (AR87-1 to -3) Exports From manufacturing Establishments (AR87-1) This report presents data on exports by two- and three-digit SIC industry groups for the United States and States. Information is presented on value of direct report shipments and estimates of the employment required to manufacture these products. Included are estimates of employment in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing establishments that supply parts, materials, and services for production of manufactured exports. Selected Characteristics of Manufacturing Establishments That Export (AR87-2) This report presents data on the number of manufacturing companies and establishments that export by major group, State, employment size, and ratios of exports to shipments. Indexes of Production (AR87-3) The indexes presented in this report are designed to measure the change in physical output of each manufacturing and mineral industry between 1982 and 1987. MICROFICHE Every final published report n the 1987 Census of Manufactures will be available on microfiche. PUBLIC-USE COMPUTER TAPES AND COMPACT DISCS Data from the final industry series, geographic area series, and the Location of Manufacturing Plants report will be available on public-use computer tapes and compact discs- read only memory (CD-ROM). These tapes will provide the same information found in the final reports. Computerized data products are available for users who wish to summarize, rearrange, or process large amounts of data. These products, with corresponding technical documentation, are sold by Data User Services Division, Customer Services (Tapes), Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233. OTHER ECONOMIC CENSUS REPORTS Data on retail trade, wholesale trade, service industries, construction industries, mineral industries, transportation, enterprise statistics, minority-owned businesses, and women- owned businesses also are available from the 1987 Economic Censuses. A separate series of reports covers the censuses of outlying areas Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands of the United States, Guam, and the Northern Mariana islands. Separate announcements describing these reports are available free of charge from Data User Services Division, Customer Services (Publications), Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233. 1987 Census of Transportation Publications of the 1987 Census of Transportation, containing data on selected transportation industries establishments in the United States are described below. Publications order forms for specific reports may be obtained from any Department of Commerce district office or from Data User Services Division, Customer Services (Publications), Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233. Final Reports Geographic area series (TC87-A-1) This report presents data for establishments with payroll from selected transportation industries for the United States, each State, the District of Columbia, and selected metropolitan statistical areas (MSA's). The report presents general statistics on number of establishments, revenue, payroll, and employment by varied transportation classifications. Data are also provided on revenue and employees per establishment, and on revenue and payroll per employee. Comparative statistics showing percent changes in revenue and payroll between 1982 and 1987 also are shown for some kind-of-business classifications. Subject series (TC87-S-1) This report presents data for establishments with payroll, based on size of establishments, size of company or firm, and legal form of organization. Establishments statistics are presented by revenue size; statistics for firms, by revenue size (including concentration by largest firms), by employment size, and by number of establishments operated (single units and multiunits). Major sources of revenue and purchase transportation are provided for some kinds of business. Statistics are presented by kind of business on the number of establishments, revenue, and payroll. Data are presented for the united States as a whole and, where feasible, for States and selected MSA's. MICROFICHE Every final report in the 1987 Census of Transportation also will be available on microfiche. Public-Use Computer Tapes And Compact Discs The data found in the published reports also are available on public-use computer tapes and compact discs-read only memory (CD-ROM). These products, with corresponding technical documentation, are sold by Data Users Services Division, Customer Services (Tapes), Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233. Phone: (301) 763-4100. Other Economic Censuses Reports Data on retail trade, wholesale trade, service industries, construction industries, manufactures, mineral industries, transportation, enterprise statistics, minority-owned business enterprises, and women-owned businesses also are available from the 1987 Economic Censuses. A separate series of reports covers the censuses of outlying areas Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands of the United States, Guam, and the Northern Marianas. Separate announcements describing these reports are available free of charge from Data User Services Division, Customer Services (Publications), Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233 (301) 763-4100. 1987 CENSUS OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRIES Preliminary Industry Series (CC87-I-1(P) through CC87-1- 28(P))(Available November 1988 through May 1989) [P] Twenty-seven separate industry reports and a United States summary report, providing national statistics for establishments with payroll. Statistics shown for 1987 include: Number of establishments Number of employees Payroll Hours worked Value of construction work done, by type of structure Selected operating costs Final Industry Series (CC87-I-1 through CC87-1-28) Twenty-seven separate industry reports and a United States summary report, providing statistics for the Nation and individual States on establishments with payroll. These reports update figures from the preliminary industry series (employment, payroll, value of construction, etc.) and provide measures of the following: Capital expenditures Assets Inventories Depreciation Industry profiles And much more Geographic Area Series (CC87-A-1 through CC87-1-10) Nine reports on the construction industries, representing each census geographic division, and a Unite States Summary report. Regional reports provide detailed data for States and metropolitan statistical areas. Subject Report Legal Form of Organization and Type of Operation (CC87-S-1) One report providing selected national statistics for each industry by legal form of organization and type of operation. This report includes data for establishments with and without payroll. Data in this report include: Employment Payroll Value of Construction work done Selected operating costs OTHER ECONOMIC CENSUSES REPORTS The Census of Construction Industries is part of the 1987 Economic Censuses. These are conducted at five-year intervals in years ending in 2 and 7 and consist of seven separate censuses: Census of Retail Trade Census of Wholesale Trade Census of Service Industries Census of Transportation Census of Manufactures Census of Mineral Industries Census of Construction plus several related programs: enterprise statistics; information on minority-owned and women-owned businesses; and the Census of Outlying Areas, including separate economic censuses of Puerto Rico and other outlying areas. The Census of Agriculture and Census of Governments are conducted separately. 1987 ECONOMIC CENSUSES ON CD-ROM (1E) OVERVIEW Geographic Code Structure RECORD TYPE G E O G R A P H I C C O D E S -------------------------------------------------------------------------- FIPS CENSUS FIPS MSA/ STATE COUNTY PLACE PLACE CMSA PMSA -------------------------------------------------------------------------- STATE (02) XX 000 0000 00000 0000 0000 CMSA (04) 00 000 0000 00000 XXXX 0000 PMSA (04) 00 000 0000 00000 XXXX XXXX MSA (04) 00 000 0000 00000 XXXX 9999 NON-MSA (05) XX 000 0000 00000 9999 9999 COUNTY (06) XX XXX 0000 00000 XXXX1 XXXX1 (outside New England) COUNTY (06) XX XXX 0000 00000 0000 0000 (inside New England) PLACE (07) XX XXX XXXX XXXXX XXXX2 XXXX2 CROSSOVER PLACE (07) XX 000 XXXX XXXXX 0000 0000 (in more than one county) Note: XX represents the actual code for the geographic area which will appear in the record. ---------- 1. Non-MSA counties are coded 9999 2. Non-MSA places are coded 9999