CHAPTER II Census of Retail Trade Overview Introduction....................................................II-3 Kind-of-Business Classifications................................II-5 Glossary........................................................II-15 General Questionnaire Facsimile.................................II-17 CENSUS OF RETAIL TRADE OVERVIEW Introduction CONTENTS Census of Retail Trade II-3 Census Coverage and Methodology II-4 Census of Retail Trade The 1987 Census of Retail Trade, part of the 1987 Economic Censuses, covered retail trade as defined in the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual.(1) It included all establishments primarily engaged in selling merchandise for personal or household consumption and rendering services incidental to the sale of the goods. The census excluded governmental organizations classified in the covered industries except for liquor stores operated by State and local governments. Data for direct sellers (SIC 5963) with no paid employees and post exchanges, ship stores and similar establishments operated on military posts by agencies of the Federal Government are not included. The basic tabulations in this report do not include data for establishments which are auxiliary (primary function is providing a service, such as warehouses) to retail establishments within the same organization. Data for auxiliaries are presented in a subsequent report issued as part of the 1987 Enterprise Statistics reports. For the 1987 Census of Retail Trade, large- and medium-size firms, plus all firms known to operate more than one establishment, were sent questionnaires to be completed and returned to the Census Bureau by mail. For most very small firms, including those with no paid employees, data from existing administrative records of other Federal agencies were used instead. These records provided basic information on location, kind of business, sales, payroll, number of employees, and legal form of organization. In addition, more detailed information for selected kinds of business was obtained on the various questionnaires. The Publication Program Section gives a more detailed explanation of census coverage and methodology. Census Coverage and Methodology Structure and method of enumeration Firms in the 1987 Census of Retail Trade were divided into the nonmail universe and mail universe. The coverage and the method of obtaining census information from each is as follows: 1. The nonmail universe consists of firms which were not required to file a regular census return and includes: a. All nonemployers, i.e., all firms with no paid employment during 1987. Sales information for them was obtained from administrative records of other Federal agencies. Although consisting of a large number of firms, nonemployers account for less than 3 percent of total retail sales. Data on nonemployers are provided in subsequent 1987 Census of Retail Trade reports, Nonemployer Statistics, RC87-SP-1. The census included only those retail non-employer firms which reported a sales volume of $1,000 or more during 1987 plus firms in operation for less than the full year that reported sales which, if projected to any annual basis, would have reached a total of $1,000 or more. b. Selected small employers, i.e., single-establishment firms with payroll below a specified cutoff. (The term "employers" refers to all business firms with paid employees at any time during 1987 as shown in the active administrative records of other Federal agencies.) Although the payroll cutoff varied by kind of business, small employers generally included firms with one to three employees and represented about 10 percent of total retail sales. Data on sales, payroll, and employment for employer firms below the cutoff were derived or estimated from the administrative records of other Federal agencies, except for a 10-percent sample which was included in the mail universe. 2. The mail universe consists of firms for which information was obtained basically by means of a mail canvass and includes: a. Large employers, i.e., all employer firms above the payroll size cutoff established to separate large from small employers. Within this category, a report of company organization is conducted periodically to identify firms which operated establishments at more than one location and to obtain information on payroll and mid-March employment at each location. The 1986 Report of Company Organization was used as a coverage check in the census. In the census mailing package containing the appropriate 1987 questionnaires, firms were sent a form to use in updating the list of establishments with those opened since 1986. b. The 10-percent sample of small employers referred to in section 1b above were sent the census mailing packages containing the appropriate 1987 questionnaires. Method of classifying kinds of business--The retail trade classifications for all establishments were based on the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual.(1) However, the method of assigning these classifications, and the level of detail at which establishments were classified, differed between the nonmail and mail universe as follows: 1. The nonmail universe. a. All nonemployers were classified inside or outside of retail trade on the basis of information obtained from other Federal agencies. b. Selected small employers were classified on the basis of the most current census kind-of-business classification available from one of the Bureau's current sample surveys or the 1982 census. Otherwise, the classification was obtained from the surveys or the 1982 census. Otherwise, the classification was obtained from the administrative records of other Federal agencies. If the census or administrative record classifications proved inadequate (none corresponded to a census classification in the detail required for employers), the firm was sent a brief inquiry requesting information necessary to assign a 1987 census kind-of-business code. 2. Establishments in the mail universe were classified on the basis of their self-designation and answers to questions on sales by merchandise lines and other special inquiries. (1)Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 1987. For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402, Stock No. 041-001-00314-2. CENSUS OF RETAIL TRADE OVERVIEW Kind-of-Business Classifications CONTENTS Building Materials and Garden Supplies Stores II-5 General Merchandise Stores II-6 Food Stores II-7 Automotive Dealers and Gasoline Service II-8 Apparel and Accessory Stores II-9 Furniture and Homefurnishing Stores II-10 Eating and Drinking Places II-11 Miscellaneous Retail Stores II-12 Retail trade, major groups 52 through 59 in the 1987 SIC manual, includes establishments engaged in selling merchandise for personal or household consumption and in rendering services incidental to the sale of the goods. Exceptions to this general rule are lumber yards; paint, glass, and wallpaper stores; typewriter stores; stationery stores; and gasoline service stations, which sell to both the general public for personal and household consumption and to businesses. These types of stores are included in retail trade even if a higher proportion of their sales is made to other than individuals for personal or household consumption. However, such establishments that sell their products only to institutional or industrial users and to other wholesalers and establishments that sell similar merchandise for use exclusively by business establishments are classified in wholesale trade. Other important characteristics of retail trade establishments are that they are usually places of business; they are engaged in activities to attract the general public to buy; they buy or receive as well as sell merchandise; they may process their products, although processing is incidental or subordinate to selling; and they are considered as retail in the trade. Not all of these characteristics need be present and some are modified by trade practice. Establishments covered by the census were assigned kind-of-business classifications according to the industry classifications defined in the 1987 SIC manual. When a more detailed classification was needed than that defined in the SIC manual, more kinds of businesses were identified within a SIC. In general, retail establishments were classified according to the principal lines of commodities sold (groceries, hardware, etc.), or the usual trade designation (drug store, cigar store, etc.). Kind-of-business classifications are not interchangeable with commodity classifications; most businesses sell several kinds of commodities. The kind-of-business code generally reflects either the individual commodity or the commodity group which is the primary source of the establishment's business. Thus, the classification of establishments by kind of business generally does not make it possible to determine either the number of establishments handling a particular commodity or the sales of that commodity. For example, the food stores classification excludes stores selling food if the sale of food is not the primary source of receipts; moreover, even though stores are classified as food stores, some of their receipts may be derived from the sale of nonfood products. (Information on the extent to which various broad groups of commodities, or merchandise lines, are sold by different kinds of businesses is available in the 1987 Census of Retail Trade report, Merchandise Line Sales, RC87-S-3.) Building Materials And Garden Supplies Stores (SIC Major Group 52) This major group includes retail establishments primarily engaged in selling lumber and other building materials; paint, glass, and wallpaper; hardware; nursery stock; lawn and garden supplies; and mobile homes. It includes lumber and other building materials dealers and paint, glass, and wallpaper stores selling to the general public, even if sales to contractors account for a larger proportion of total sales; these establishments are known as retail in the trade. Establishments primarily selling these products but not selling to the general public are classified in wholesale trade. Lumber and other building materials dealers (SIC 521)--Establishments primarily engaged in selling lumber, or lumber and a general line of building materials, to the general public. While these establishments may also sell to contractors, they are known as retail in the trade, even if sales to contractors account for a higher proportion of the sales. The lumber they sell may include rough and dressed lumber, flooring, molding, doors, sashes, frames, and other millwork. The building materials may include roofing, siding, shingles, wallboard, paint, brick, tile, cement, sand, gravel, and other building materials and supplies. Hardware is often an important line of retail lumber and building materials dealers. Establishments not selling to the general public or known in the trade as wholesale are classified in SIC 503. Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores (SIC 523)--Establishments primarily engaged in selling paint, glass, and wallpaper, or any combination of these lines, to the general public. While these establishments may also sell to contractors, they are known as retail in the trade, even if sales to contractors account for a higher proportion of the sales. Establishments which do not sell to the general public are classified in wholesale trade. Hardware stores (SIC 525)--Establishments primarily selling a number of basic hardware lines, such as tools, builders' hardware, paint and glass, housewares and household appliances, cutlery, and roofing materials, no one of which accounts for 50 percent or more of the sales of the establishments. Retail nurseries, lawn and garden supply stores (SIC 526)--Establishments primarily engaged in selling trees, shrubs, other plants, seeds, bulbs, mulches, soil conditioners, fertilizers, pesticides, garden tools, and other garden supplies to the general public. These establishments primarily sell products purchased from others, but may sell some plants which they grow themselves. Establishments primarily engaged in growing trees, shrubs, other plants, seeds, and bulbs are classified in SIC major group 01, and those growing Christmas trees are classified in SIC major group 08. Mobile home dealers (SIC 527)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sales of new and used mobile homes, parts and equipment. Establishments primarily selling travel trailers and campers are classified in SIC 5561. General Merchandise Stores (SIC Major Group 53) This major group includes retail stores which sell a number of lines of merchandise, such as dry goods, apparel and accessories, furniture and homefurnishings, small wares, hardware, and food. The stores included in this group are known as department stores, variety stores, general merchandise stores, and general stores. Establishments primarily engaged in selling used general merchandise are classified in SIC 593, and those selling general merchandise by mail, vending machine, or direct selling are classified in SIC 596. Establishments having 25 to 49 employees and selling merchandise lines covered in the definition for department stores, previously classified in SIC 531 in prior censuses, are classified in SIC 539 in the 1987 Census. Department stores (SIC 531)--Retail stores normally having 50 employees or more, having sales of apparel and soft goods combined amounting to 20 percent or more of total sales, and selling each of the three following groups of merchandise: 1. Furniture, home furnishings, appliances, and radio and TV sets. 2. A general line of apparel for the family. 3. Household linens and dry goods. The employment and lines of merchandise sold in leased departments are both taken into account when classifying a department store. To qualify as a department store, sales of each of the lines listed above must be less than 80 percent of total store sales. An establishment with total sales of $10 million or more is classified as a department store even if sales of one of the merchandise lines listed above exceed the maximum percent of total sales, provided that the combined sales of the other two groups are $1 million or more. Relatively few stores are included in this classification as result of this special rule and most of those which are would otherwise have been classified in the apparel group (SIC major group 56). Due to the relatively high level of leased department activity in department stores, department store sales have been separately presented for the following classifications: Department stores (including leased departments.) Department stores (excluding leased departments.) For States and for areas with 10,000 retail establishments or more, the following subcategories of department store (excluding leased departments) also are presented: Conventional department stores (SIC 531 pt.)--Establishments which satisfy the criteria of a department store (see above) and: 1. Usually provide check-out service and customer assistance (sales persons) within each department. 2. May have a catalog order service. 3. Are not affiliated with a company which operates similar establishments on a national basis. These stores often sell: 1. Soft goods and hard goods which are primarily nationally advertised brands. 2. Appliances which are serviced by another company. 3. Limited lines of merchandise through seasonal or special catalogs. Discount or mass merchandising department stores (SIC 531 pt.) Establishments which satisfy the criteria of a department store (see above) and usually: 1. Convey the image of a high-volume, fast turnover outlet selling a variety of merchandise for less than conventional prices. 2. Provide centralized check-out service. 3. Do not provide customer assistance within store departments. Merchandise is normally sold through self-service with minimal assistance provided in any department 4. Do not have a catalog order service. These stores often sell: 1. Soft goods which are usually their own corporate brands or are unbranded. 2. Hard goods which are primarily nationally advertised brands. 3. Appliances which are serviced by another company. National chain department stores (SIC 531 pt.)--Establishments which satisfy the criteria of a department store (see above) and: 1. Usually provide check-out service and customer assistance (sales persons) within each department. 2. Usually have a catalog order service. 3. Are affiliated with a company which operates similar establishments on a national basis. These stores often sell: 1. Soft goods and hard goods which are their own corporate brands or are unbranded. 2. Appliances which are serviced by their own company. Variety stores (SIC 533)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of a variety of merchandise in the low and popular price ranges. Sales usually are made on a cash-and-carry basis, with the open selling method of display and customer selection of merchandise. These stores generally do not carry a complete line of merchandise, are not departmentalized, do not carry their own charge service, and do not deliver merchandise. Miscellaneous general merchandise stores (SIC 539)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of a general line of apparel, dry goods, hardware, homewares or homefurnishings, groceries, and other lines in limited amounts. Stores selling commodities covered in the definition for department stores but normally having less than 50 employees, and stores usually known as country or general stores are included here. Also included are most catalog showrooms and establishments whose sales of apparel or furniture and homefurnishings exceed half of their total sales, providing that sales of the smaller of the two lines in combination with dry goods and household linens account for 20 percent or more of total sales. Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sales of their merchandise by catalog, mail, or television order are classified in SIC 5961. Food Stores (SIC Major Group 54) This major group includes retail stores primarily engaged in selling food for home preparation and consumption. Establishments primarily engaged in selling prepared foods and drinks for consumption on the premises are classified in major group 58, and stores primarily engaged in selling packaged beers and liquors are classified in SIC 5921. Grocery stores (SIC 541)--Establishments primarily selling (1) a wide variety of canned or frozen foods such as vegetables, fruits, and soups; (2) packaged or bulk dry groceries, such as tea, coffee, cocoa, dried fruits, spices, sugar, flour, and crackers, and (3) other processed foods and nonedible grocery items. These establishments often also sell smoked and prepared meats, fresh fish and poultry, fresh vegetables and fruits, and fresh or frozen meats. Establishments commonly known as supermarkets and convenience food stores are included if receipts from sales of groceries and food items for off-premise preparation and consumption are 50 percent or more of total sales. Meat and fish (seafood) markets (SIC 542)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of fresh, frozen or cured meats, fish, shellfish, and other seafoods. They may also sell poultry, dairy products, eggs, and other commodities. Meat markets may butcher animals on their own account, or they may buy from others. This industry includes freezer and locker meat provisioners. Food locker plants primarily engaged in renting locker space for the storage of food products for individual households are classified in industry 4222. Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of food via frozen food plans delivered to households or individuals are classified in SIC 5963. Fruit and vegetable markets (SIC 543)--Establishments primarily selling fresh fruits and fresh vegetables. They frequently also carry a limited line of grocery items. They are frequently found in public or municipal markets, or roadside stands. However, roadside stands or farmers selling only their own produce are classified in SIC major group 01. Candy, nut, and confectionery stores (SIC 544)--Establishments primarily selling candy, nuts, and other confections. Dairy products stores (SIC 545)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of packaged dairy products such as milk, cream, butter, cheese, and related products to over-the-counter customers. Ice cream and frozen custard stands are classified in SIC 5812 and establishments selling ice cream and similar products from trucks or wagons are classified in SIC 5963. Establishments primarily engaged in processing and distributing milk and cream are classified in SIC 2026. Retail bakeries (SIC 546)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of bakery products. The products may be purchased from others or made on the premises. Establishments manufacturing bakery products for the trade are classified in SIC 2051 and those purchasing bakery products and selling them house to house are classified in SIC 5963. Miscellaneous food stores (SIC 549)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of specialized foods, not elsewhere classified, such as eggs, poultry, health foods, vitamin foods, spices, herbs, coffee, and tea. The poultry stores may sell live poultry, slaughter and clean poultry for their own account and sell dressed fowls, or sell fowls cleaned and dressed by others. Automotive Dealers And Gasoline Service Stations (SIC Major Group 55) This major group includes retail dealers selling new and used automobiles, boats, recreational vehicles and utility trailers, and motorcycles and mopeds; dealers selling new automobile parts and accessories; and gasoline service stations selling gasoline and lubricating oils. Automobile repair shops maintained by establishments engaged in the sale of new automobiles also are included. Utility trailer dealers, previously classified in SIC 556 in prior censuses, are classified in SIC 559 in the 1987 census. New car dealers (SIC 551)--Establishments primarily engaged in the sale of new automobiles or new and used automobiles. These establishments have a franchise for the sale of new domestic and/or new imported automobiles. They frequently maintain repair departments and carry stocks of replacement parts, tires, batteries, and automotive accessories. These establishments also frequently sell pickups and vans at retail. Used car dealers (SIC 552)--Establishments primarily selling used cars and not holding a franchise for the sale of new passenger cars. These establishments also frequently sell used pickups and vans at retail. Tire, battery, and accessory dealers (SIC 553 pt.)--Establishments primarily selling new automobile tire, batteries, automobile seat covers, and other automotive parts and accessories. Other auto and home supply stores (SIC 553 pt.)--Establishments engaged in selling a combination of lines of merchandise including tires, batteries and accessories, household appliances, radios and television sets, sporting and recreational goods, toys, housewares, and hardware, no one of which accounts for over 49 percent of total sales. Gasoline service stations (SIC 554)--Establishments primarily selling gasoline and automotive lubricants. These establishments frequently sell other merchandise such as tires, batteries, accessories, and other automobile parts or perform minor repair work. Establishments called garages but deriving more than half of their receipts from the sale of gasoline and automotive lubricants are included. Gasoline stations combined with other activities, such as grocery stores, convenience stores, or car washes are classified based on primary activities as determined by sales. Boat dealers (SIC 555)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of new and used motorboats and other watercraft, including parts, accessories, marine supplies, and outboard motors. Recreational vehicle dealers [n.e.c.] (SIC 556)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of new and used motor homes, recreational trailers, and campers (pickup coaches), including parts and accessories. Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of mobile homes are classified in SIC 527, and those primarily selling utility trailers are classified in SIC 559. Motorcycle dealers (SIC 557)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of new and used motorcycles, including motor scooters, mopeds, all-terrain vehicles, and parts and accessories. Automotive dealers, n.e.c. (SIC 559)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of new and used automotive vehicles, utility trailers, and automotive equipment and supplies, not elsewhere classified, such as snowmobiles, dunebuggies, and gocarts. Also included are establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of aircraft. Apparel And Accessory Stores (SIC Major Group 56) This major group includes retail stores primarily engaged in selling clothing of all kinds and related articles for personal wear and adornment. Not included are establishments which meet the criteria for Department stores (SIC 531) or Miscellaneous general merchandise stores (SIC 539) even though most of their receipts are from the sale of apparel and apparel accessories. 1972 SIC 568, "Furriers and fur shops," has been eliminated. Establishments previously classified in SIC 568 in prior censuses are classified in SIC 563 in the 1987 census. Men's and boys' clothing stores (SIC 561)--Establishments primarily selling men's and boys' ready-to-wear clothing and accessories. Establishments are included in this category if (1) sales of all types of apparel (except as noted in the definition for general merchandise stores) account for 50 percent or more of total sales and (2) receipts from sales of all men's and boys' apparel are three or more times the receipts from sales of all women's and girls' apparel. Women's clothing stores (SIC 562)--Establishments primarily selling women's and girls' ready-to-wear apparel. Establishments are included in this category if (1) sales of all types of apparel (except as noted in the definition for general merchandise stores) account for 50 percent or more of total sales, (2) sales of all women's and girls' apparel are three or more times the sales of all men's and boys' apparel, and (3) sales of dresses, skirts, slacks, coats, suits, and furs are two or more times greater than the sales of millinery, hosiery, underwear, blouses, handbags, and other apparel and accessories. Custom tailors primarily engaged in making women's clothing to individual order are classified in SIC 569. Women's accessory and specialty stores (SIC 563)--Establishments primarily engaged in selling women's accessories and specialities, such as millinery, hats, foundation garments, lingerie, hosiery, costume jewelry, gloves, handbags, and fur, including custom made. Establishments primarily engaged in fur repair and storage and which also may sell a minor amount of fur apparel are classified in SIC 7219. Children's and infants' wear stores (SIC 564)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of children's and infants' clothing, furnishings, and accessories. They may specialize in either children's or infants' wear or sell a combination of children's and infants' wear. Family clothing stores (SIC 565)--Establishments primarily selling clothing, furnishings, and accessories for men, women, and children, without specializing in any one line. Establishments are included in this category if (1) sales of all types of apparel (except as noted in the definition for general merchandise stores) account for 50 percent or more of their total sales, (2) sales of all women's and girls' apparel items are not more than three times the sales of all men's and boys' apparel items, and (3) sales of men's and boys' apparel items are not more than three times the sales of all women's and girls' apparel items. Men's shoe stores (SIC 566 pt.)--Establishments primarily selling men's and boys' shoes and other footwear. Establishments selling women's and girls' and/or children's and infants' footwear are included in this classification if sales of men's and boys' footwear are more than three times the combined sales of women's, girls', children's, and infants' footwear. Women's shoe stores (SIC 566 pt.)--Establishments primarily selling women's and girls' shoes and other footwear. Establishments selling men's and boys' and/or children's and infants' footwear are included in this classification if sales of women's and girls' footwear are more than three times the combined sales of men's, boys', children's, and infants' footwear. Children's and juveniles' shoe stores (SIC 566 pt.)--Establishments primarily selling children's and infants' shoes and other footwear. Establishments selling men's, boys', and/or women's and girls' footwear are included in this classification if sales of children's and infants' footwear are more than three times the combined sales of men's, boys', women's, and girls' footwear. Family shoe stores (SIC 566 pt.)--Establishments primarily selling both men's and women's shoes and other footwear; they may or may not sell children's shoes. Frequently, they also sell accessories such as hosiery, gloves, and handbags. Establishments are included in this classification if (1) sales of any one of the three major groupings (men's and boys' footwear, women's and girls' footwear, and children's and infants' footwear) are not more than three times the sales of the other two groups combined and (2) if children's and infants' footwear are not carried, sales of the larger of the two remaining groups are not more than three times the sales of the smaller group. Stores primarily selling athletic footwear and accessories are included here. Miscellaneous apparel and accessory stores (SIC 569)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of specialized lines of apparel and accessories not elsewhere classified, such as uniforms, bathing suits, raincoats, riding apparel, sports apparel, umbrellas, wigs, and toupees. This industry also includes custom tailors primarily engaged in making and selling men's and women's clothing, except fur apparel. Establishments primarily engaged in making fur apparel to custom order are classified in SIC 563. Furniture And Homefurnishings Stores (SIC Major Group 57) This major group includes retail stores selling goods used for furnishing the home, such as furniture, floor coverings, draperies, glass and chinaware, domestic stoves, refrigerators, and other household electric and gas appliances. Establishments selling electric and gas appliances are included in this group only if the major part of their sales consists of articles for home use. These stores also may perform repair work on household appliances, radios, televisions, and stereo equipment; but establishments primarily engaged in repair of these products are classified in SIC 76. Dealers primarily engaged in selling antique and secondhand furniture are classified in SIC 5931. Stores furnishing interior decorating service are classified according to the merchandise handled. Interior designers primarily engaged in advising clients on the selection of interior decorations are classified in SIC 7399. 1972 SIC 5732, "Radio and television stores," has been divided into two new industries for 1987: SIC 5731, "Radio, television, and electronics stores" and SIC 5734, "Computer and software stores." Also, 1972 SIC 5733, "Music stores," has been divided into two new industries for 1987: SIC 5735 "Record and prerecorded tape stores" and SIC 5736, "Musical instrument stores." Furniture stores (SIC 5712)--Establishment primarily selling household furniture, beds, mattresses, springs, and other sleep equipment. Also included in this classification are establishments selling household appliances, phonographs, radios, television sets, and floor coverings, provided the receipts from sales of furniture and sleep equipment exceed those from sales of other merchandise. Floor covering stores (SIC 5713)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of floor coverings. Establishments included in this industry may incidentally perform installation, but contractors primarily engaged in installing floor coverings for others are classified in SIC 1752. Drapery and upholstery stores (SIC 5714)--Establishments primarily selling draperies, curtains, slipcovers, and upholstery materials. Establishments primarily selling custommade draperies and slipcovers for household use also are included. Establishments primarily engaged in reupholstering or repairing furniture are classified in SIC 7641. Miscellaneous homefurnishings stores (SIC 5719)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of miscellaneous homefurnishings, such as china, glassware, and metalware for kitchen and table use; bedding and linen; brooms and brushes; lamps and shades; mirrors and pictures; and venetian blinds and window shades. Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of miscellaneous homefurnishings by house-to-house canvas or by party-plan merchandising are classified in SIC 5963. Household appliance stores (SIC 572)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of electric and gas refrigerators, stoves, and other household appliances, such as electric irons, percolators, hot plates, and vacuum cleaners. Many such stores also sell radios and television sets. Radio, television, and electronics stores (SIC 5731)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of radios, television sets, record players, high fidelity (hi-fi) sound reproducing equipment, and other consumer electronics equipment. Such establishments also may sell additional lines such as household appliances, computers, computer peripheral equipment, software, musical instruments, or records. Establishments in this industry may perform incidental installation and repair work on radios, televisions, and other consumer electronics equipment. Establishments primarily engaged in the installation and repair of these products are classified in SIC 7622. Computer and software stores (SIC 5734)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of computers, computer peripheral equipment, and software. Record and prerecorded tape stores (SIC 5735)--Establishments primarily selling phonograph records and prerecorded audio and video tapes and discs. Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of computer software are classified in SIC 5731 and those primarily engaged in the rental of video tapes in SIC 7841. Musical instrument stores (SIC 5736)--Establishments primarily selling musical instruments; such as organs, pianos, horns, stringed instruments, and percussion instruments; sheet music; and similar supplies. Eating And Drinking Places (SIC Major Group 58) This major group includes retail establishments selling prepared food and drinks for consumption on the premises; it also includes lunch counters and refreshment stands selling prepared foods and drinks for immediate consumption. Restaurants and lunchrooms (SIC 5812 pt.)--Establishments engaged in serving prepared food and beverages. Waiter/waitress service is provided and establishments have seating facilities for at least 15 patrons. Included here are only those establishments in which waiters/waitresses take orders from patrons while the patrons are seated at a counter, booth, or table. They often serve alcoholic beverages. Establishments in which sales of alcoholic beverages for consumption on the premises exceed sales of prepared food and nonalcoholic beverages are classified as Drinking places (SIC 5813). Social caterers (SIC 5812 pt.)--Establishments primarily engaged in serving prepared food and beverages for weddings, banquets, etc. at a hall or similar dedicated facility rather than at a fixed business location. Such establishments also may arrange for some entertainment, but entertainment should be a minor part of the business. (Separate data are shown only at the national level.) Cafeterias (SIC 5812 pt.)--Establishments engaged in serving a wide variety of prepared food and beverages primarily through the use of a cafeteria line where customers make selections from displayed items. Some limited waiter or waitress service may be provided. Table and/or booth seating facilities are usually provided. Refreshment places (SIC 5812 pt.)--Establishments primarily selling limited lines of refreshments and prepared food. Included in this group are establishments which prepare items such as chicken and hamburgers for consumption either on or near the premises or for "take-home" consumption. Such establishments do not have waiter/waitress service where the patron's order is taken while the patron is seated at a table, booth, or counter. Contract feeding (SIC 5812 pt.)--Establishments primarily engaged in providing food service under contract to another company; hospital; or governmental, penal, or educational institution. (This is not a lease arrangement.) The facilities and personnel of these establishments may be provided by the contracting company, institution, etc., but the management must always be supplied by the contractor. (Separate data are shown only at the national level.) Ice cream and frozen custard stands (SIC 5812 pt.)--Establishments primarily engaged in selling ice cream, frozen custard, or other frozen ices for consumption either on or near the premises. "Take-home" packages also may be provided for ice cream sold in bulk. (Separate data are shown only at the national level.) Drinking places (SIC 5813)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of alcoholic drinks such as beer, ale, wine, and liquor for consumption on the premises. The sale of food frequently accounts for a substantial portion of the receipts of these establishments. Miscellaneous Retail Stores (SIC Major Group 59) This major group includes retail establishments not elsewhere classified. These establishments fall into the following categories: Drug stores, liquor stores, used merchandise stores, miscellaneous shopping goods stores, nonstore retailers, fuel dealers, florists, cigar stores and stands, news dealers and newsstands, and miscellaneous retail stores not elsewhere classified. Establishments primarily selling used automobile parts and accessories, previously classified in SIC 593 in prior censuses, are classified in Wholesale Trade SIC 5015 in the 1987 census. Ice dealers, previously classified in SIC 5982, are classified in SIC 5999 in the 1987 census. And optical goods stores, previously classified in SIC 5999, are classified in new SIC 5995 in the 1987 census. Drug stores (SIC 591 pt.)--Establishments engaged in the retail sale of prescription drugs. They may carry a number of related lines such as cosmetics, toiletries, tobacco, and novelty merchandise and may operate a soda fountain or lunch counter. These stores are classified on the basis of their usual trade designation rather than on the stricter interpretation of commodities handled. Proprietary stores (SIC 591 pt.)--Establishments generally selling the same merchandise as drug stores, except that prescriptions are not filled and sold. Liquor stores (SIC 592)--Establishments primarily selling packaged alcoholic beverages such as ale, beer, wine, and liquor for consumption off the premises. Liquor stores operated by States, counties, and municipalities are included. Used merchandise stores (SIC 593)--This industry includes stores primarily engaged in the retail sale of used merchandise, antiques, and secondhand goods such as clothing and shoes; furniture; books and rare manuscripts; musical instruments; office furniture; phonographs and phonograph records; and store fixtures and equipment. The industry also includes pawnshops. Dealers primarily engaged in selling used motor vehicles, trailers, and boats are classified in major group 55; and those primarily selling used mobile homes in SIC 5271. Establishments primarily selling used automobile parts and accessories are classified in SIC 5015 and scrap and waste dealers are classified in SIC 5093. Establishments primarily engaged in automobile repair are classified in SIC 753. General line sporting goods stores (SIC 5941 pt.)--Establishments primarily selling a general line of sporting goods and equipment for hunting, camping, fishing, skiing, riding, tennis, golf, and other sports; and gymnasium and playground equipment. Speciality line sporting goods stores (SIC 5941 pt.)--Establishments specializing in a maximum of four lines of sporting goods and equipment such as guns, bicycles, trophies, skiing, golfing, bowling, and billiards equipment. Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of athletic footwear are classified in SIC 5661 Book stores (SIC 5942)--Establishments primarily selling new books and periodicals. Stationery and related items may also be sold. Book clubs (not engaged in publishing) primarily selling new books through the mail are included in mail-order houses (SIC 5961). Establishments primarily engaged in the sale of used books are classified in SIC 593. Stationery stores (SIC 5943)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of stationery, such as paper and paper products (including printing and engraving), post cards, novelties, and school supplies. These establishments also may sell additional lines of office type supplies, such as accounting and legal forms; blankbooks and forms; and office forms and supplies. Establishments primarily engaged in selling office supply forms and supplies are classified in SIC 5112. Stores specializing in the sale of artists' supplies are classified in SIC 5999. Jewelry stores (SIC 5944)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of any combination of the lines of jewelry, such as diamonds and other precious stones; rings, bracelets, and brooches; sterling and plated silverware; and watches and clocks. Stores primarily engaged in watch and jewelry repair are classified in SIC 7631. Hobby, toy, and game shops (SIC 5945)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of toys, games, and hobby and craft kits and supplies. Establishments primarily engaged in selling artists' supplies or collectors' items, such as coins, stamps, and autographs, are classified in SIC 5999. Camera and photographic supply stores (SIC 5946)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of cameras, film, and other photographic supplies and equipment. Establishments primarily engaged in finishing films are classified in SIC 7395. Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops (SIC 5947)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of combined lines of gifts and novelty merchandise, souvenirs, greeting cards, holiday decorations, and miscellaneous small art goods. Luggage and leather goods stores (SIC 5948)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of luggage, trunks, and leather goods, except apparel. Sewing, needlework, and piece goods stores (SIC 5949)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of sewing supplies, fabrics, patterns, yarn, and other needlework accessories. Catalog and mail-order houses (SIC 5961)--Establishments primarily selling merchandise as a result of orders received by catalog, mail, or television order. Customers are made aware of goods available for sale through catalogs, mailing pieces, advertisements in newspapers and magazines, and advertising on radio and television. Departmentalized retail stores normally with 50 employees or more and operated by mail-order houses and selling a general line of merchandise are classified in SIC 531. Retail stores normally with less than 50 employees and operated by mail- order houses and selling a general line of merchandise are classified in SIC 539. In some tabulations at the national level, catalog and mail-order houses are divided into subclassifications on the basis of the merchandise they sell. The subclassifications are department store merchandise, other general merchandise, and other mail-order houses. Establishments primarily engaged in mail-order sales of computer hardware and/or software and television order (home shopping) sales are included within the "Other mail-order houses" classification. Merchandising machine operators (SIC 5962)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of products by automatic merchandising units (vending machines) which are generally located on the premises of other businesses. This industry does not include coin-operated service machines such a washers and dryers (SIC 7215), music machines and amusement game machines (SIC 7993), lockers and scales (SIC 7299), or insurance policies sold through vending machines (SIC 63). The "establishment" is the location from which the vending route (or routes) is serviced, not the number of vending machines or the number of business locations in which vending machines are located. Since many automatic merchandising machine operations are conducted in conjunction with the operation of manufacturing plants and of other establishments not classified in retail trade, data for "retail" automatic merchandising machine operators should not be interpreted as a measure of total sales through automatic merchandising machines. Nor do the data for "retail" automatic merchandising machine operators include sales made through automatic merchandising machines owned by establishments classified in other kinds of retail trade. Direct selling establishments (SIC 5963)--Establishments primarily selling merchandise by house-to-house canvass, by party plan, by telephone, or from trucks or wagons or other temporary locations. The "establishment" is the location from which the canvassers operate. Canvassers who do not have any paid help are excluded from the tabulations in this report. In some tabulations at the national level, direct selling organizations are divided into subclassifications on the basis of the merchandise they sell. The subclassifications are furniture, homefurnishings and equipment; mobile food service; books and stationery; and other direct selling. Fuel oil dealers (SIC 5983)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of fuel oil. Establishments primarily selling fuel oil burners are classified in SIC 5074; dealers primarily engaged in installing and servicing fuel oil burners, SIC 1711; and fuel oil burner repair service only in SIC 7699. Liquefied petroleum gas (bottled gas) dealers (SIC 5984)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of bottled or bulk liquefied petroleum (LP) gas. Fuel dealers, n.e.c. (SIC 5989)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of coal, coke, charcoal, wood, or any combination of these lines. Establishments primarily selling fuel oil are classified in SIC 5983 and those primarily selling bottled gas in SIC 5984. Florist (SIC 5992)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of cut flowers and growing plants. Stores primarily engaged in the retail sale of seeds, bulbs, and nursery stock are classified in SIC 5261, and greenhouses and nurseries primarily engaged in growing seeds, bulbs, flowers, and nursery stock are classified in SIC 0181. Tobacco stores and stands (SIC 5993)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of cigarettes, cigars, tobacco, and smokers' supplies. Many of the establishments included in this classification are operated as concessions in places of amusement, railway stations, airports, and other public places. News dealers and newsstands (SIC 5994)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of newspapers, magazines, and other periodicals. Home delivery of newspapers by other than printers or publishers is classified in SIC 5963. Establishments engaged in delivering newspapers for subsequent home delivery are classified in SIC 4212. Optical goods stores (SIC 5995)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of prescription eyeglasses and contact lenses for individuals. Offices of oculists, ophthalmologists and optometrists are classified in major group 80 even though a majority of their revenue is from the sale of eyeglass frames or prescription eyeglasses and contact lenses. Miscellaneous retail stores, n.e.c. (SIC 5999)--Establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of specialized lines of merchandise not elsewhere classified. This industry also includes establishments primarily engaged in selling a general line of their own or consigned merchandise at retail or at auction. Establishments primarily engaged in auctioning tangible personal property of others on a fee basis are classified in SIC 7399. In some tabulations, Miscellaneous retail stores are divided into subclassifications on the basis of the merchandise they sell. The subclassifications are pet shops, typewriter stores, and other retail stores. CENSUS OF RETAIL TRADE OVERVIEW Glossary CONTENTS Annual Payroll I-15 Auxiliary Establishments I-15 Establishments I-15 Firms I-15 First Quarter Payroll I-15 Legal Form of Organization I-15 Paid Employees for Pay Period Including March 12 I-16 Sales I-16 Sales-Retail I-16 Single Units and Multiunits I-16 Annual payroll--Payroll includes all forms of compensation such as salaries, wages, commissions, bonuses, vacation allowances, sick-leave pay, and the value of payments in kind (e.g., free meals and lodgings) paid during the year to all employees. Tips and gratuities received by employees from patrons and reported to employers are included. For corporations, it includes amounts paid to officers and executives; for unincorporated businesses, its does not include profit or other compensation of proprietors or partners. Payroll is reported before deductions for social security, income tax, insurance, union dues, etc. This definition of payroll is the same as that used by the IRS on form 941. Auxiliary establishments--Each company included in this census was asked to identify and report separately those auxiliary locations whose primary functions were to manage, administer, service, or support the activities of the other establishments of the company. Unless otherwise noted, data presented in these files does not include auxiliary establishments. Data for auxiliaries are presented in a subsequent report issued as part of the 1987 Enterprise Statistics reports. Establishments--An establishment is a single physical location at which business is conducted. It is not necessarily identical with a company or enterprise, which may consist of one establishment or more. Most economic census figures represent a summary of reports for individual establishments rather than companies. For cases where a census report was received, separate information was obtained for each location where business was conducted. When administrative records of other Federal agencies were used instead of a census report, no information was available on the number of locations operated. Estimates of this number were derived from a sample and will be provided in the report for several censuses entitled, Miscellaneous Subjects. Each establishment was tabulated according to the physical location at which the business was conducted. When two activities or more were carried on at a single location under a single ownership, all activities generally were grouped together as a single establishment. The entire establishment was classified on the basis of its major activity and all data for it were included in that classification. However, when distinct and separate economic activities (for which different industry classification codes were appropriate) were conducted under the same ownership at a single location, and when conditions prescribed by the SIC manual for recognizing the existence of more than one establishment were met, separate establishment reports for each of the different activities were obtained in the census. Leased departments are treated as separate establishments and are classified to the kind of business they conduct. For example, a leased department selling shoes within a department store would be considered a separate retail establishment under the "shoe store" classification. Firms--A firm is a business organization or entity consisting of one domestic establishment (location) or more under common ownership or control. All establishments of subsidiary firms are included as part of the owning or controlling firm. For the economic censuses, the terms "firm" and "company" are synonymous. First quarter payroll--This item consists of payroll, (see annual payroll), paid to persons employed at any time during the quarter January to March 1987. Legal form of organization--The legal form of organization for firms in the mail universe was based on the response to the organizational status inquiry on the various census forms. The legal form of organization of nonmail firms was generally based on information available from the administrative records of other Federal agencies. This report presents data by the following legal forms of organization: 1. Corporations (including corporate cooperatives). 2. Individual proprietorships. 3. Partnerships. 4. Other types. Paid employees for pay period including March 12--Paid employees consist of the full-time and part-time employees, including salaried officers and executives of corporations, who were on the payroll in the pay period including March 12. Included are employees on paid sick leave, paid holidays, and paid vacations; not included are proprietors and partners of unincorporated businesses. The definition of paid employees is the same as that used on IRS form 941. Sales--Sales include merchandise sold for cash or credit at retail and wholesale by establishments primarily engaged in retail trade or wholesale trade; amounts received from customers for layaway purchases; receipts from rental or leasing of vehicles, equipment, instruments, tools, etc.; receipts for delivery, installation, maintenance, repair, alteration, storage, and other services; the total value of service contracts; and gasoline, liquor, tobacco, and other excise taxes which are paid by the manufacturer or wholesaler and passed on to the retailer. Sales are net after deductions for refunds and allowances for merchandise returned by customers. Trade-in allowances are not deducted from total sales. Total sales do not include carrying or other credit charges; sales (or other) taxes collected from customers and forwarded to taxing authorities; commissions from vending machine operators; sales and receipts of departments or concessions operated by other firms; commissions or receipts from the sale of government lottery tickets; installment payments from leasing of vehicles, equipment, instruments, tools, etc. marketed under capital, finance, or full payout leases; and nonoperating income from such sources as investments, rental or sale of real estate, etc. Sales--Retail--Sales in retail census files do not include retail sales made by manufacturers, wholesalers, service establishments, or other businesses whose primary activity is other than retail trade. They do include receipts other than from the sale of merchandise at retail, e.g., service receipts, sales to industrial users, and sales to other retailers, by establishments primarily engaged in retail trade. Single units and multiunits--See size of firm explanation on page IV-5. CENSUS OF RETAIL TRADE OVERVIEW General Questionnaire Facsimile