CHAPTER VII Census of Service Industries Overview Introduction......................................VII 3 Kind-of-Business Classifications..................VII 7 Glossary..........................................VII 27 General Questionnaire Facsimile...................VII 29 CENSUS OF SERVICE INDUSTRIES OVERVIEW Introduction CONTENTS Census of Service Industries.....VII 3 Census Coverage and Methodology..VII 4 Census of Service Industries The 1987 Census of Service Industries, part of the 1987 Economic Censuses, covered service industries as defined in Division I of the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual,(1) except elementary and secondary schools (SIC 821), colleges, universities, professional schools, and junior colleges (SIC 822), labor unions and similar labor organizations (SIC 863), political organizations (SIC 865), religious organizations (SIC 866), and private households (SIC 881). The census also excluded governmental establishments classified in the covered industries, except for government- operated hospitals which were included. Data are presented for establishments in the following classifications: SIC code Title 70 Hotels, rooming houses, camps, and other lodging places 72 Personal services 73 Business services 75 Automotive repair, services, and parking 76 Miscellaneous repair services 78 Motion pictures 79 Amusement and recreation services 80 Health services 81 Legal services 823, 4, 9 Selected educational services 83 Social services 84 Museums, art galleries, and botanical and zoological gardens 861, 2, 4, 9 Selected membership organizations 87 Engineering, accounting, research, management, and related services 89 Services, not elsewhere classified Most series of reports present data for service establishments of firms subject to Federal income tax and (in separate tables) of firms which are exempt from Federal income tax under provisions of section 501 or 521 of the Internal Revenue Code. Most series also include only establishments with some payroll during the year. The exception is the Nonemployer Statistics Series which includes only those establishments with no payroll during the year. Many of the "kinds of business or operation" included in these reports are not thought of as commercial businesses and the terms (such as "business," "establishment," and "firm") used to describe them may not be descriptive of such services, particularly for not-for-profit and professional services. However, these terms are applied to all "kinds of business or operation" to maintain conformity in the measures of the production and delivery of goods and services and in the presentation of data. The basic tabulations in these reports do not include data for establishments which are auxiliary (primary function is providing a service, such as warehousing or bookkeeping) to other establishments within the same company. Data for auxiliaries are presented in a subsequent report issued as part of the 1987 Enterprise Statistics reports. For the 1987 Census of Service Industries, large- and medium-size firms, plus all firms known to operate more than one establishment, were sent questionnaires to be completed and returned to the Census Bureau by mail. For most very small firms, including those with no paid employees, data from existing administrative records of other Federal agencies were used instead. These records provided basic information on location, kind of business, receipts, payroll, number of employees, and legal form of organization. In addition, more detailed information for selected kinds of business was obtained on the various questionnaires. Census Coverage and Methodology Structure and method of enumeration Firms in the 1987 Census of Service Industries were divided into the nonmail universe and mail universe. The coverage and the method of obtaining census information from each follow: 1. The nonmail universe consists of firms which were not required to file a regular census return and includes: a. All taxable nonemployers, i.e., all firms subject to Federal income tax with no paid employees during 1987. Receipts information for these firms was obtained from administrative records of other Federal agencies. Although consisting of many firms, nonemployers accounted for less than 10- percent of total receipts of all establishments covered in the census. The census included only those service nonemployer firms which reported a receipts volume of $1,000 or more during 1987. Also included were nonemployer firms in operation for less than the full year that reported receipts which, if projected to an annual basis, would have reached a total of $1,000 or more. Establishments exempt from Federal income tax with no paid employees were excluded as in previous censuses. Data for nonemployers are included only in the Nonemployer Statistics Series of reports (SC87-N). b. Selected small employers, i.e., single-establishment firms with payroll below a specified cutoff. (The term "employers" refers to firms with one or more paid employees at any time during 1987 as shown in the active administrative records of other Federal agencies.) Although the payroll cutoff varied by kind of business, small employers generally included firms with 1 to 4 employees and represented about 10-percent of total receipts of establishments covered in the census. Data on receipts, payroll, and employment for employer firms below the payroll cutoff were derived or estimated from administrative records of other Federal agencies, except for a 10-percent sample of small employer firms in classifications for which specialized data requirements precluded reliance solely on administrative records sources. This sample was included in the mail universe. 2. The mail universe consists of firms for which information was obtained by means of a mail canvass and included: a. Large employers, i.e., all employer firms above the size cutoff referred to in 1b. Within this category, a report of company organization is conducted periodically to identify establishment locations for firms which operated at more than one location and to obtain information on payroll and mid-March employment at each location. The 1986 Report of Company Organization was used as a coverage check in the census. In the census mailing package containing the appropriate 1987 questionnaires, multiestablishment firms also were sent a form to use in updating the list of establishments. b. The 10-percent sample of small employer firms in classifications for which specialized data precluded reliance solely on administrative records sources. These firms were sent the census mailing packages containing the appropriate 1987 questionnaire. Method of classifying kinds of business The service industries classifications for all establishments were based on the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual. However, the method of assigning these classifications, and the level of detail at which establishments were classified, differed between the nonmail and mail universe as follows: 1. The nonmail universe. a. Nonemployers were classified on the basis of information obtained from the administrative records of other Federal agencies. b. Selected small employers were classified on the basis of the most current census kind-of-business classification available from one of the Bureau's current sample surveys or the 1982 census. Otherwise, the classification was obtained from the administrative records of other Federal agencies. If the census or administrative record classifications proved inadequate (none corresponded to a 1987 census classification in the detail required for employers), the firm was sent a brief inquiry requesting information necessary to assign a 1987 census kind-of-business code. 2. Establishments in the mail universe were classified on the basis of their self-designation, answers to questions on receipts by type of service provided, and other special inquiries. Method of assigning tax status For kind-of-business classifications(2) where there were substantial numbers of taxable and tax-exempt establishments, establishments were classified based on the Federal income tax filing requirement for the establishment or organization. This classification was based primarily on the response to an inquiry on the census questionnaire. Establishments that indicated that all or part of their income was exempt from Federal income tax under provisions of section 501 or 521 of the IRS code were classified as tax-exempt; establishments indicating no such exemption were classified as taxable. All government-operated hospitals were classified as tax-exempt. For establishments in the nonmail universe, the tax status classification was based upon the type of tax return filed by the firm or organization. For selected kind-of-business classifications(3) comprised primarily of tax-exempt establishments, all establishments in those classifications were defined as tax-exempt. All establishments in the remaining kind-of- business classifications (comprised primarily of taxable establishments) were defined as taxable. (1) Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 1987. For sale by Superintendent of documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, Stock No. 041-001-00314-2. (2) SIC's 7032, 792, 7991 pt., 7997, 7999 pt., 8011 pt., 8021 pt., 805, 806, 808, 809, 82, 83, 84 pt., 873 ex. 8733, 874 ex. 8744. (3) SIC's 7041, 8111 pt., 84 pt., 86, 8733. CENSUS OF SERVICE INDUSTRIES OVERVIEW Kind-of-Business Classifications CONTENTS Hotels, Rooming Houses, Camps, and Other Lodging Places----------------- VII-7 Personal Services--------------------------- VII-8 Business Services--------------------------- VII-10 Automotive Repair, Service, and Parking VII-14 Miscellaneous Repair Services--------------- VII-15 Motion Pictures----------------------------- VII-16 Amusement and Recreation Services, except Motion Pictures-------------------------- VII-17 Health Services----------------------------- VII-20 Legal Services------------------------------ VII-22 Selected Educational Services--------------- VII-22 Social Services----------------------------- VII-22 Museums, Art Galleries, and Botanical and Zoological Gardens----------------------- VII-23 Selected Membership Organization------------ VII-23 Engineering, Accounting, Research, Management, and Related Services--------------------- VII-24 Services, Not Elsewhere Classified---------- VII-25 Services, as defined in Division I of the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) manual, includes establishments primarily engaged in rendering a wide variety of services to individuals, business and government establishments, and other organizations. Establishments covered by the census were assigned kind-of-business classifications according to the industry classifications defined in the 1987 SIC manual. When a more detailed classification than defined in the SIC manual was needed, additional kinds of business were identified within an SIC industry. The basis for a kind-of-business classification is described in the Introduction under Method of Classifying Kinds of Business. Descriptions of those kinds of business for which data are provided report follow. Hotels, Rooming Houses, Camps, And Other Lodging Places (SIC Major Group 70) This group includes establishments engaged in providing lodging, or lodging and meals, and camping facilities. Hotels which provide accommodations for permanent residents (e.g., apartment hotels) and residential mobile home parks are classified in Real Estate, Major Group 65. Hotels and motels (SIC 7011)--Commercial establishments, known to the public as hotels, motor hotels, motels, or tourist courts, primarily engaged in providing lodging, or lodging and meals. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Hotels, 25 guestrooms or more. 2. Hotels, less than 25 guestrooms. 3. Motels, tourist courts. 4. Motor hotels. The classification of individual establishments into hotels, motor hotels, and motels and tourist courts was based primarily on the respondents' self-designation. Rooming and boarding houses (SIC 702) Establishments renting rooms, with or without board, on a fee basis. Homes for the aged, for children, and for the handicapped that provide additional services, other than nursing care, are classified in Industry 8361, and homes that provide nursing and/or health-related care are classified in Industry Group 805. Rooming and boarding houses operated by membership organizations for their members only are classified in Industry 7041. Sporting and recreational camps (SIC 7032) Sporting and recreational camps providing lodging and meals, or lodging only. Included are children's camps, fishing camps, hunting camps, and dude ranches. Day camps and sports instructional camps, such as baseball, basketball, or football camps, are classified in Industry 7999. Recreational vehicle parks and campsites (SIC 7033) Establishments providing overnight or short-term sites for recreational vehicles, trailers, campers, or tents. Residential trailer and mobile home parks are classified in Real Estate, Major Group 65. Organization hotels and lodging houses, on membership basis (SIC 704) Lodging houses and hotels operated by membership organizations for the benefit of their members and guests, and not open to the general public. Hotels operated by such organizations but open to the public are classified in Industry 7011. Residential homes for the aged and others in need of residential, social, and personal care are classified in Industry 8361. Personal Services (SIC Major Group 72) This group includes establishments primarily engaged in providing services generally to individuals, such as barber and beauty shops, dry-cleaning plants, laundries, and photographic studios. For establishments classified in Industry Group 721, collecting and distributing units (branch outlets, pickup stations, terminals, or depots) owned and operated by a firm which does its own laundry work are not classified as separate establishments. Data for these units are merged with data for the plant where the work is done. Power laundries, family and commercial (SIC 7211) Establishments primarily engaged in operating mechanical laundries with steam or other power. Excluded are establishments which have power laundry equipment, but which are primarily engaged in a specialty, such as industrial laundering, linen rental, or diaper service. These establishments are classified in other categories within Industry Group 721. Independently owned agencies for laundry plants are classified in Industry 7212. Laundries using small power equipment of household type are classified in Industry 7219. Garment pressing, and agents for laundries and dry-cleaners (SIC 7212) Establishments primarily engaged in providing laundry and dry-cleaning services, but which have the laundry and/or dry-cleaning work done by others. Establishments in this industry may do their own pressing or finishing work. Independently owned collecting and distributing agencies serving dry-cleaning plants or power laundries are included in this classification. Linen supply (SIC 7213) Establishments primarily engaged in supplying, on a rental basis, such laundered items as uniforms, aprons, table linens, bed linens, and towels. Establishments included in this classification may or may not operate their own laundry facilities. Coin-operated laundries and dry-cleaning (SIC 7215) Establishments primarily engaged in the operation of coin- operated or similar self-service laundry and/or dry-cleaning equipment. Included are establishments known as laundromats, launderettes, self- service dry-cleaners, etc. Establishments which operate such machinery in apartment houses, dormitories, and similar locations are included. Establishments which rent such machinery (e.g., to apartment houses) are classified in Industry 7359. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Coin-operated laundries and dry-cleaning stores. 2. Coin-operated laundry machine routes. Dry-cleaning plants, except rug cleaning (SIC 7216) Establishments primarily engaged in dry-cleaning or dyeing apparel and household fabrics other than rugs. Establishments primarily engaged in cleaning rugs are classified in Industry 7217. Independently owned agencies for cleaning plants are classified in Industry 7212. Establishments known as "tailor shops" or "cleaners" are included in this classification only if they do their own cleaning. Establishments primarily engaged in dyeing fabrics for the trade are classified in Manufacturing, Major Group 22. Carpet and upholstery cleaning (SIC 7217) Establishments primarily engaged in cleaning carpets and upholstered furniture. Establishments primarily engaged in rug repair are classified in Industry 7699, those primarily engaged in reupholstering and repairing furniture are classified in Industry 7641, and those primarily engaged in building cleaning are classified in Industry 7349. Industrial launderers (SIC 7218) Establishments primarily engaged in supplying laundered or dry-cleaned work uniforms, wiping towels, protective apparel (gloves, flame resistant clothing, etc.), dust control items (treated mats or rugs, mops, cloths, etc.), and similar items to industrial, commercial, and government users. These items may belong to the industrial launderers and be supplied to users on a rental basis, or they may belong to the customers. Establishments included in this industry may or may not operate their own laundry or dry-cleaning facilities. Laundry and garment services, n.e.c. (SIC 7219) Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing other laundry services, including repair, alteration, and storage of clothes for individuals; diaper service; and hand laundries. Custom tailors, dressmakers, and fur shops making fur apparel to custom order are classified in Retail Trade. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Diaper service. 2. Seamstresses and dressmaking services. 3. Other laundry services, n.e.c. Photographic studios, portrait (SIC 722) Establishments primarily engaged in still or video portrait photography for the general public. Included in this classification are school, home, and transient portrait photographers. Establishments primarily engaged in commercial photography are classified in Industry 7335; those primarily engaged in video tape production other than portrait are classified in Industry 7812; and those primarily engaged in film developing and/or print processing for the trade or for the general public are classified in Industry 7384. Beauty shops (SIC 723) Establishments primarily engaged in providing beauty services or both beauty and barber services. Beauty and cosmetology schools are also included. Beauty shop concessions (owned and operated by concessionaires) in hotels, department stores, etc., are classified in this industry and treated as separate establishments. However, beauty shops owned by and operated as part of other businesses (e.g., hotels, department stores) are considered part of the main establishment. Barber shops (SIC 724) Establishments primarily engaged in providing barber and men's hair styling services. Barber colleges are also included. Barber shop concessions (owned and operated by concessionaires) in hotels, department stores, etc., are classified in this industry and treated as separate establishments. However, barber shops owned by and operated as part of other businesses (e.g., hotels, department stores) are considered part of the main establishment. Shoe repair shops and shoeshine parlors (SIC 725) Establishments primarily engaged in repairing footwear or shining shoes. Also included are establishments engaged in cleaning and blocking hats. Shoe repair and shoeshine departments (owned and operated by concessionaires) in hotels, department stores, etc., are classified in this industry and treated as separate establishments. However, shoe repair shops and shoeshine parlors owned and operated as part of other businesses (e.g., hotels, department stores) are considered part of the main establishment. Funeral service and crematories (SIC 726) Establishments primarily engaged in preparing the dead for burial, conducting funerals, and cremating the dead. Receipts include sales of funeral merchandise, such as caskets and burial clothing, and other services provided directly by the establishments. Also included in the receipts are reimbursements for cash advances made to other establishments for funeral-related merchandise sales and services, such as flowers. Cemeteries, and crematories operated in conjunction with cemeteries, are classified in Real Estate, Industry 6553; crematories and burial services for pets are classified in Agriculture, Industry 0752. Tax return preparation services (SIC 7291) Establishments primarily engaged in providing tax return preparation services without also providing accounting, auditing, or bookkeeping services. Establishments providing tax return preparation services which also provide accounting, auditing, or bookkeeping services are classified in Industry 8721. Tax return preparation services (owned and operated by concessionaires) in department stores, etc., are classified in this industry and treated as separate establishments. However, tax return preparation services owned and operated as part of other businesses are considered part of the main establishment. Miscellaneous personal services, n.e.c. (SIC 7299) Establishments primarily engaged in providing personal services, not elsewhere classified, such as saunas; steam and Turkish baths; costume and formal wear rental; operation of coin-operated personal service machines, such as weighing machines, public lockers (except cold storage), pay toilets, etc.; checkroom concessions; dating service; diet or weight reducing workshops; and tanning salons. Establishments operating coin-operated amusement machines, such as pinball machines and juke boxes, are classified in Industry 7993. The operation of physical fitness facilities, including health fitness spas and reducing salons, is classified in Major Group 70 if lodging is also provided and in Industry 7991 if lodging is not provided. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Health-related personal services. 2. Other personal services, n.e.c. Business Services (SIC Major Group 73) This group includes establishments primarily engaged in providing services, not elsewhere classified, to business establishments on a contract or fee basis. Advertising agencies (SIC 7311) Establishments primarily engaged in preparing advertising (writing copy, artwork, graphics, and other creative work) and placing such advertising in periodicals, newspapers, radio, television, or other advertising media for clients on a contract or fee basis. Establishments which place advertising with media but perform no creative services (media buying services) are classified in Industry 7319. Establishments which write advertising copy, but do not place the advertising with media, are classified in Industry 8999. Establishments which provide commercial art, graphics, or other creative advertising services, but do not place the advertising with media, are classified in Industry Group 733. Establishments which solicit advertising for nonaffiliated radio, television, newspapers, or magazines are classified in Industry 7313. Outdoor advertising services (SIC 7312) Establishments primarily engaged in the preparation of poster displays and painted and electric displays on billboards, panels, bulletins, and frames, principally outdoors. Such establishments may (as incidental services) construct, repair, and maintain display boards and may post advertisements. Sign painting shops are classified in Industry 7389. Shops which make neon signs to order are classified in Manufacturing. Establishments primarily engaged in erecting signs are classified in Construction. Radio, television, and publishers' advertising representatives (SIC 7313) Establishments primarily engaged in soliciting advertising on a contract or fee basis for (nonaffiliated) newspapers, magazines, and other publications, or for radio and television stations. Advertising sales offices operated by the media are classified as auxiliaries. Advertising, n.e.c. (SIC 7319) Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing advertising services, not elsewhere classified, such as handbill distribution, distribution of samples, and transit advertising. Establishments which provide commercial art, graphics, or other creative advertising services, but do not place the advertising with the media, are classified in Industry Group 733. Establishments primarily engaged in direct mail advertising, compiling and selling mailing lists, and related services are classified in Industry 7331. Adjustment and collection services (SIC 7322) Establishments primarily engaged in the collection or adjustment of claims other than insurance. Establishments providing insurance adjustment services are classified in Insurance, Major Group 64. Establishments providing debt counseling or adjustment services for individuals are classified in Industry 7299. Centralized charge services are classified in Finance, Major Group 61. Credit reporting services (SIC 7323) Establishments primarily engaged in providing mercantile and consumer credit reporting services. Establishments primarily engaged in conducting personal investigations (background) and preparing reports for insurance companies and other business firms are classified in Industry 7389. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Mercantile reporting agencies. 2. Consumer credit reporting agencies. Direct mail advertising services (SIC 7331) Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing direct mail advertising services, such as creating, producing, and mailing direct mail advertising. This industry also includes establishments primarily engaged in compiling and selling mailing lists. Establishments primarily engaged in reproducing direct mail copy to order, but also providing other direct mail advertising services, are classified in Manufacturing if they print the copy, and in Industry 7334 if they duplicate the copy by photocopying or similar reproduction methods. Photocopying and duplicating services (SIC 7334) Establishments primarily engaged in reproducing text, drawings, plans, maps, or other copy by blueprinting, photocopying, mimeographing, or other methods of duplication other than printing or microfilming. Printing, including "quick printing," is classified in Manufacturing, and microfilming is classified in Industry 7389. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Blueprinting and photocopying services. 2. Duplicating services, except printing. Commercial photography (SIC 7335) Establishments engaged in providing commercial photography services for advertising agencies, publishers, and other business and industrial users. Establishments engaged in still and video portrait photography are classified in Industry 7221, and those primarily engaged in map making are classified in Industry 7389. Establishments primarily engaged in medical photography are classified in Industry 8099. Establishments primarily engaged in producing commercial video tape or films are classified in Industry 7812. Commercial art and graphic design (SIC 7336) Establishments primarily engaged in providing commercial art or graphic design services for advertising agencies, publishers, and other business and industrial users. Producers of still and slide films are classified here. Establishments primarily engaged in art, except commercial and medical art, are classified in Industry 8999; those engaged in medical art are classified in Industry 8099; and those providing drafting services are classified in Industry 7389. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Commercial art. 2. Graphic arts and related design. Secretarial and court reporting services (SIC 7338) Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing secretarial, typing, word processing, resume writing, and court reporting services. Disinfecting and pest control services (SIC 7342) Establishments primarily engaged in providing disinfection and termite, insect, rodent, and other pest control generally in dwellings or other buildings. Establishments primarily engaged in pest control for lawns or agricultural production are classified in Agriculture. Building cleaning and maintenance services, n.e.c. (SIC 7349) Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing building cleaning and maintenance services, not elsewhere classified, such as window cleaning, janitorial services, floor waxing, and office cleaning. General contractors and special trade contractors primarily engaged in building repair work, cleaning building exteriors by sand or steam blasting, or cleaning up after construction are classified in Construction. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Window cleaning. 2. Other building cleaning and maintenance services, n.e.c. Medical equipment rental and leasing (SIC 7352) Establishments primarily engaged in renting or leasing (except finance leasing) medical equipment. These establishments may also sell medical supplies, but establishments primarily engaged in selling medical supplies are classified in Wholesale or Retail Trade. Establishments primarily engaged in finance leasing are classified in Finance, Industry 6159. Heavy construction equipment rental and leasing (SIC 7353) Establishments primarily engaged in renting or leasing (except finance leasing) heavy construction equipment, with or without operators. Establishments primarily engaged in finance leasing are classified in Finance, Industry 6159. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Leasing and rental of heavy construction equipment without operators. 2. Rental of heavy construction equipment with operators. Equipment rental and leasing, n.e.c. (SIC 7359) Establishments primarily engaged in renting or leasing (except finance leasing) equipment, not elsewhere classified, such as tools, furniture, industrial equipment (except heavy construction), televisions, appliances, party supplies, etc. Establishments primarily engaged in finance leasing are classified in Finance, Industry 6159. Establishments renting or leasing automobiles and trucks without drivers are classified in Industry Group 751; those renting with drivers, in Transportation. Establishments renting (or leasing) medical equipment are classified in Industry 7352; video tapes and cassettes, in Industry 7841; amusement and recreation items, such as bicycles, beach chairs, etc., in Industry 7999; personal items, such as formal wear, lockers (other than refrigerated), and pillows, in Industry 7299; commercial boats, in Water Transportation, Major Group 44. Direct leasing of machinery or equipment by the manufacturer is classified in Manufacturing or Wholesale Trade. Establishments primarily leasing computer time, including time-sharing services, are classified in Industry 7374; and those renting or leasing computers or data processing equipment, in Industry 7377. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Equipment rental. 2. Equipment leasing, except finance leasing. Employment agencies (SIC 7361) Establishments primarily engaged in providing placement and employment services for employers or those seeking employment. Modeling agencies and nurses' registries are included. Theatrical employment agencies are classified in Industry 7922; motion picture casting bureaus, in Industry 7819; and establishments engaged in furnishing help to other businesses, in Industry 7363. Help supply services (SIC 7363) Establishments primarily engaged in supplying temporary or continuing help (except agricultural) to other businesses on a contract or fee basis. The help supplied is on the payroll of the supplying establishment, but is under the direct or general supervision of the business to whom the help is furnished. Establishments primarily engaged in providing placement and employment services are classified in Industry 7361. Establishments which provide both management and staff to operate a business are classified according to the type of activity of the business. Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing personnel to perform a range of services in support of the operation of other establishments are classified in Industry 8744. Farm labor supply is classified in Agriculture, Industry 0761. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Temporary help supply. 2. Help supply, except temporary. Computer programming services (SIC 7371) Establishments primarily engaged in providing custom computer programming services on a contract or fee basis. These establishments often perform a variety of additional services, such as computer software design and analysis, modification of existing software, and training in the use of custom software. Establishments primarily engaged in the development and marketing of prepackaged software are classified in Industry 7372. Computer processing services are classified in Industry 7374. Prepackaged software (SIC 7372) Establishments primarily engaged in designing and developing prepackaged software, including operating, utility, and applications programs. These establishments may also prepare software documentation for the user, install software for the user, and train the user in the use of the software. Establishments primarily engaged in buying and selling prepackaged software are classified in Wholesale or Retail Trade. Custom computer software services, including computer code authors, are classified in Industry 7371. Computer integrated systems design (SIC 7373) Establishments primarily engaged in developing or modifying computer software and packaging or bundling the software with hardware (computers and peripheral equipment) to create an integrated system for specific application. These establishments are involved in all phases of systems development, from design through installation. Establishments primarily engaged in buying and selling computer software and/or hardware are classified in Wholesale or Retail Trade, and establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing computers and/or peripheral equipment are classified in Manufacturing. Computer processing and data preparation and processing services (SIC 7374) Establishments primarily engaged in providing computer processing and data preparation services. Service may consist of complete processing and preparation of reports from data supplied by the customer, or it may be specialized, such as data entry or making data processing equipment available on an hourly or time-sharing basis. Information retrieval services (SIC 7375) Establishments primarily engaged in providing on-line information retrieval services on a contract or fee basis. The information generally involves a range of subjects and is taken from other primary sources. Establishments which collect and originate the data are classified in the industry associated with that activity. Computer facilities management services (SIC 7376) Establishments primarily engaged in providing on-site management and operation of computer and data processing facilities on a contract or fee basis. Establishments primarily engaged in providing computer and data processing at their own facilities are classified in Industry 7374. Computer rental and leasing (SIC 7377) Establishments primarily engaged in renting or leasing (except finance) computers and related data processing equipment on the customers' site, whether or not also providing maintenance or support services. Establishments primarily engaged in both manufacturing and leasing computers and related data processing equipment are classified in Manufacturing, and separate establishments owned by the manufacturer and primarily engaged in leasing are classified in Wholesale Trade. Establishments primarily engaged in finance leasing of computers and related data processing equipment are classified in Finance, Industry 6159, and those primarily engaged in leasing computer time are classified in Industry 7374. Computer maintenance and repair (SIC 7378) Establishments primarily engaged in the maintenance and repair of computers and computer peripheral equipment. Computer related services, n.e.c. (SIC 7379) Establishments primarily engaged in providing computer related services, not elsewhere classified, such as computer consulting, disk and diskette conversion, and tape recertification. Detective, guard, and armored car services (SIC 7381) Establishments primarily engaged in providing detective, guard, and armored car services. Rental of dogs for protective service, fingerprint service, and polygraph service are included in this classification. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Detective agencies and guard services. 2. Armored car services. Security systems services (SIC 7382) Establishments primarily engaged in monitoring and maintaining security systems devices, such as burglar and fire alarms. These establishments may also sell, lease, and/or install the security systems which they monitor and maintain. Establishments primarily engaged in the sales and installation, or installation only, of such devices are classified in Construction, Industry 1731. News syndicates (SIC 7383) Establishments primarily engaged in providing news, pictures, features, and news reporting services to newspapers and periodicals. Separate establishments of newspaper and periodical publishers which are engaged in gathering news are classified as auxiliaries. Photofinishing laboratories (SIC 7384) Establishments primarily engaged in developing film and photographic prints and enlargements. Data for retail outlets (kiosks), which are owned and operated by photofinishing laboratories for the pickup and delivery of film, are merged with data for the laboratory which owns them and are not treated as separate establishments. Establishments primarily engaged in processing motion picture and video film for the motion picture and television industries are classified in Industry 7819. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Photofinishing laboratories, except "one-hour" (mini) labs. 2. One-hour (mini) photofinishing labs. Business services, n.e.c. (SIC 7389) Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing business services, not elsewhere classified, such as auctioneers' establishments (service only), business brokers, drafting service, independent lecture bureaus, inspection service, printing brokers, notaries public, and shop window decoration or trimming, on a commission or fee basis. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Sign painting shops--Establishments primarily engaged in making signs to individual order or in doing office door and window lettering. Establishments primarily engaged in making signs other than on a custom basis and neon sign manufacturers are classified in Manufacturing. 2. Interior designings--Establishments primarily engaged in advising clients on the selection of furniture, draperies, rugs, and other interior decorations on a commission or fee commission basis. Establishments providing interior designing service, but primarily engaged in the sale of merchandise, are not included. Painting and papering contractors who frequently call themselves "interior decorators" are classified in Construction. 3. Telephone answering services--Establishments primarily engaged in transmitting telephone messages to their clients. Paging services are classified in Communication. 4. Water softening services--Establishments primarily engaged in softening water by chemical treatment or other methods. 5. Packaging and labeling services--Establishments primarily engaged in packaging and labeling products, on a contract or fee basis, in packages or other containers normally intended for retail distribution. Companies primarily engaged in packing, crating, and otherwise preparing goods for shipping are classified in Transportation. 6. Trading stamp services--Establishments primarily engaged in selling trading stamps or merchandise coupons to merchants. The redemption stores of trading stamp companies are not included here, but are classified as auxiliary to this industry. 7. Miscellaneous business services, n.e.c.--Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing business services, not elsewhere classified. Automotive Repair, Services, and Parking (Sic Major Group 75) This group includes establishments primarily engaged in furnishing automotive repair, rental, leasing, parking, and other services. Similar facilities owned and operated by concerns for their own use and not available to the general public are treated as auxiliary establishments of those concerns and are not included here. Automotive repair shops operated by establishments engaged in the sale of new automobiles are classified in Retail Trade, as are those operated by gasoline service stations (where sales of merchandise, including fuel, exceed repair receipts). Automobile driving instruction is classified in Industry 8299. Truck rental and leasing, without drivers (SIC 7513) Establishments primarily engaged in short-term rental or extended-term leasing (with or without maintenance) of trucks, truck tractors, or semitrailers without drivers. Establishments primarily engaged in renting or leasing, except finance leasing, of industrial trucks are classified in Industry 7359; those renting or leasing trucks with drivers are classified in Transportation, Industry Group 421; and those renting or leasing heavy construction and earth moving equipment are classified in Industry 7353. Establishments primarily engaged in finance leasing are classified in Finance, Major Group 61. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Truck rental, without drivers. 2. Truck leasing, except finance leasing. Passenger car rental (SIC 7514) Establishments primarily engaged in short-term rental of passenger cars without drivers. Data for separate automotive rental offices or concessions (e.g., airport locations) in the same metropolitan area, for which a common fleet of cars is maintained, are merged and not considered as separate Establishments. Establishments primarily engaged in renting automobiles with drivers are classified in Transportation, Industry 4119. Passenger car leasing (SIC 7515) Establishments primarily engaged in extended-term leasing of passenger cars without drivers. These establishments may or may not provide maintenance of vehicles as part of the lease contract. Establishments primarily engaged in renting automobiles with drivers are classified in Transportation, Industry 4119. Establishments primarily engaged in finance leasing are classified in Finance, Major Group 61. Utility trailer and recreational vehicle rental (SIC 7519) Establishments primarily engaged in daily or extended-term rental of utility trailers and recreational vehicles. Establishments primarily engaged in renting motorcycles, bicycles, golf carts, go-carts, or recreational boats are classified in Industry 7999, and those engaged in renting airplanes are classified in Industry 7359. Establishments primarily engaged in the rental of mobile homes on site are classified in Real Estate, Industry 6515. Automobile parking (SIC 7521) Establishments primarily engaged in the temporary parking of automobiles usually on an hourly, daily, or monthly contract or fee basis. Excluded are municipal parking lots and lots operated by establishments or institutions primarily engaged in other activities (e.g., department stores, hospitals, restaurants). Valet parking is classified in Industry 7299. Establishments primarily engaged in extended or dead storage of automobiles are classified in Transportation, Industry 4226. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Parking lots. 2. Parking structures. Top, body, and upholstery repair shops and paint shops (SIC 7532) Establishments primarily engaged in the repair of automotive tops, bodies, and interiors, or automotive painting and refinishing. Also included in the industry are establishments primarily engaged in customizing automobiles, trucks, and vans, except on a factory basis. Those engaged in customizing automobiles, trucks, and vans on a factory basis are classified in Manufacturing, Industry Group 371. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Paint shops. 2. Top and body repair shops. Automotive exhaust system repair shops (SIC 7533) Establishments primarily engaged in the installation, repair, or sale and installation of automotive exhaust systems. The sale of mufflers, tail pipes, and catalytic converters is considered to be incidental to the installation of these products. Tire retreading and repair shops (SIC 7534) Establishments primarily engaged in repairing and retreading automotive tires. Establishments classified here may either retread customers' tires or retread tires for sale or exchange to the user or the trade. Automotive glass replacement shops (SIC 7536) Establishments primarily engaged in the installation, repair, or sale and installation of automotive glass. The sale of the glass is considered incidental to the replacement. Automotive transmission repair shops (SIC 7537) Establishments primarily engaged in the installation, repair, or sale and installation of automotive transmissions. The sale of transmissions and related parts is considered incidental to transmission installation or repair. General automotive repair shops (SIC 7538) Establishments primarily engaged in general automotive repair, such as engine repair shops (except industrial truck engines), general repair and service garages, and diesel engine repair shops. Establishments primarily engaged in specialized repair of individual engine components, not elsewhere classified, are classified in Industry 7539. Establishments primarily engaged in repair of motorcycles are classified in Industry 7699. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. General automotive repair shops, except diesel. 2. Diesel repair shops. Automotive repair shops, n.e.c. (SIC 7539) Establishments primarily engaged in specialized automotive repair, not elsewhere classified, such as fuel service (carburetor repair), brake relining, front-end and wheel alignment, and radiator repair. Establishments primarily engaged in automotive welding are classified in Industry 7692. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Radiator repair. 2. Brake, front end, and wheel alignment. 3. Carburetor repair shops. 4. Electrical repair shops. 5. Other automotive repair shops, n.e.c.--Establishments primarily engaged in specialized automotive repairs, not elsewhere classified, such as frame repair, piston ring service and repair, speedometer repair, heater and air-conditioning repair, etc. Carwashes (SIC 7542) Establishments primarily engaged in washing, waxing, and polishing motor vehicles or furnishing facilities for the self-service washing of motor vehicles. Automotive services, except repair and carwashes (SIC 7549) Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing automotive services, except repair and carwashes, such as lubricating service, towing service, diagnostic service, undercoating service, and inspection service. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Lube shops. 2. Other automotive services, n.e.c. Miscellaneous Repair Services (SIC Major Group 76) This group includes establishments primarily engaged in miscellaneous repair services, not elsewhere classified. Repair departments of retail dealers or manufacturers are not included unless operated as separate establishments and reported as such. This group does not include some repair services of which the more important are: repair to structures (classified in Construction); garment and shoe repair (classified in Major Group 72); automotive repair services (classified in Major Group 75); electronic computer and computer peripheral equipment repair services (classified in Industry 7378); ship and boat repair (classified in Manufacturing); and railroad repair (classified in Manufacturing). Radio and television repair shops (SIC 7622) Establishments primarily engaged in repairing radios, televisions, phonographs, stereo equipment, and tape recorders. Also included are establishments engaged in installing and repairing television, amateur, and citizens' band antennas, and those engaged in installing and servicing similar equipment in homes, offices, boats, automobiles, or other vehicles. Establishments primarily engaged in installation, repair, or maintenance of radio and television broadcast transmitting antennas and towers are classified in Construction. Repair departments of radio and television dealers are not included here unless operated and reported as separate establishments. Refrigeration and air-conditioning service and repair shops (SIC 7623) Establishments primarily engaged in servicing and repairing household and commercial electrical refrigerators and air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment. Establishments primarily engaged in servicing and repairing gas refrigeration equipment are classified in Industry 7699, and those repairing automotive air-conditioning equipment are classified in Industry 7539. Establishments primarily engaged in installing refrigeration and air-conditioning systems are classified in Construction. Electrical and electronic repair shops, n.e.c. (SIC 7629) Establishments primarily engaged in servicing and repairing electrical and electronic equipment, not elsewhere classified, such as electrical household appliances (washing machines, vacuum cleaners, irons, toasters, etc.) and electrical and electronic industrial equipment. Electrical contractors and electrical shops engaged primarily in house wiring are included in Construction, Industry 1731. The repair of electric motors is classified in Industry 7694. Repair of electronic computers and computer peripheral equipment is classified in Industry 7378. Watch, clock, and jewelry repair (SIC 763) Establishments primarily engaged in the repair of watches, clocks, or jewelry. Establishments primarily engaged in assembling watches from purchased parts are classified in Manufacturing, Industry 3873. Reupholstery and furniture repair (SIC 764) Establishments primarily engaged in furniture reupholstery and repair. Establishments primarily engaged in selling upholstery materials, making slipcovers, draperies, etc., to order, or in upholstering new frames to individual order are classified in Retail Trade, as are establishments making furniture and cabinets on a custom basis. Welding repair (SIC 7692) Establishments primarily engaged in repair work by welding, including automotive welding. Welding in connection with the manufacture of a product is classified in Manufacturing. Welding contractors doing welding work at construction sites are classified in Construction, Industry 1799. Armature rewinding shops (SIC 7694) Establishments primarily engaged in rewinding armatures and rebuilding or repairing electric motors. Establishments classified here may either repair customers' equipment or repair their own equipment for sale or exchange to users or to the trade. Establishments primarily engaged in the repair of electrical appliances are classified in Industry 7629. Repair shops and related services, n.e.c. (SIC 7699) Establishments primarily engaged in specialized repair services, not elsewhere classified, such as farm machinery and equipment repair; lawnmower, saw, knife, and tool sharpening and repair; bicycle repair; lock and gun repair; musical instrument repair; and the repair of typewriters. Repair services which involve primarily electrical or electronic equipment or components are classified in Industry 7629; however, primarily mechanical repair of electrically powered equipment, such as electric sewing machine repair, is included here. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Farm machinery and equipment repair shops. 2. Lawnmower and other small engine repair --Establishments primarily engaged in saw, knife, and tool sharpening are also included here. 3. Sewer and septic tank cleaning services --Establishments primarily engaged in cleaning or repairing sewers and septic tanks. Establishments which install septic tanks are classified in Construction. 4. Other repair and related services, n.e.c.--Establishments primarily engaged in specialized repair services, not elsewhere classified, such as aircraft flight instrument repair (except electrical), blacksmith shops, bicycle repair, boiler repair, photographic equipment repair, dental instrument repair, furnace and chimney cleaning, gunsmith shops, key duplicating shops, motorcycle repair, musical instrument tuning and repair, taxidermists, typewriter repair, umbrella repair, and venetian blind repair. Motion Pictures (SIC Major Group 78) This group includes establishments producing and distributing motion pictures, exhibiting motion pictures in commercially operated theaters, and furnishing services to the motion picture industry. The term "motion pictures" includes similar productions for television or other media using film, tape, or other means. Motion picture and video tape production (SIC 7812) Establishments primarily engaged in the production of theatrical and nontheatrical motion pictures and video tapes for exhibition or sale. Establishments engaged in both production and distribution of motion pictures are included here, as well as those engaged in the production of educational, industrial, and religious films. Establishments primarily engaged in motion picture and video tape reproduction are classified in Industry 7819. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Motion picture production, except for television. 2. Motion picture and tape production for television. Services allied to motion picture production (SIC 7819) Establishments primarily engaged in performing auxiliary services to motion picture production, such as motion picture film processing, editing, and titling. Also included are casting bureaus, wardrobe and studio property rental, rental and repair of cameras and other motion picture equipment, stock footage film libraries, and television tape services (editing, transfers, etc.). Motion picture and video tape distribution (SIC 7822) Establishments primarily engaged in the distribution (rental or sale) of theatrical and nontheatrical motion picture films or in the distribution of video tapes and disks, except to the general public. Establishments engaged in both distribution and production are classified in Industry 7812. Establishments primarily engaged in renting video tapes and disks to the general public are classified in Industry 7841, and those engaged in the sale of video tape and disks to individuals for personal or household use are classified in Retail Trade, Industry 5735. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Motion picture film exchanges. 2. Film or tape distribution for television. Services allied to motion picture distribution (SIC 7829) Establishments primarily engaged in performing auxiliary services to motion picture distribution, such as film delivery service, film purchasing and booking agencies, and film libraries. Motion picture theaters, except drive-in (SIC 7832) Commercially operated theaters primarily engaged in the indoor exhibition of motion pictures. Drive-in motion picture theaters (SIC 7833) Commercially operated theaters, commonly known as drive-in theaters, primarily engaged in the outdoor exhibition of motion pictures. Video tape rental (SIC 7841) Establishments primarily engaged in renting recorded video tapes and disks to the general public for personal or household use. Establishments primarily engaged in renting video recorders and players are classified in Industry 7359. Establishments primarily engaged in selling recorded video tapes and disks to the general public are classified in Retail Trade, Industry 5735, and those engaged in the wholesale distribution of recorded video tapes and disks are classified in Industry 7822. Amusement And Recreation Services, Except Motion Pictures (SIC Major Group 79) This group includes establishments primarily engaged in providing amusement, recreation, or entertainment services, not elsewhere classified. Gambling businesses, where legal, are also included in this Major Group; however, combined gambling and lodging facilities with 25 guestrooms or more are classified in Industry 7011. Establishments primarily engaged in operating museums, art galleries, arboreta, and botanical and zoological gardens are classified in Major Group 84. Dance studios, schools, and halls (SIC 791) Establishments primarily engaged in operating public dance halls or ballrooms, dance studios, and dance schools. Establishments primarily engaged in renting facilities used as dance halls or ballrooms are classified in Real Estate, Industry 6512. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Public dance halls or ballrooms. 2. Dancing schools, including children's and professional. Theatrical producers (except motion picture) and miscellaneous theatrical services (SIC 7922) Establishments primarily engaged in providing live theatrical presentations, such as road companies and summer theaters. This industry also includes services allied with theatrical presentations, such as casting agencies; booking agencies for plays, artists, and concerts; scenery, lighting, and other equipment services; and theatrical ticket agencies. Also included in this industry are producers of live and taped radio programs and commercials and producers of live television programs. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Producers of live theatrical productions-Stock or repertory companies, whether or not operating their own theaters, are included here. Establishments primarily engaged in producing shows for dinner theaters, but not operating the food service, are also included here. Dinner theaters operating food service are classified in Retail Trade, Industry 5812. 2. Producers of radio and television shows, except tape producers-Establishments primarily engaged in producing shows for live presentation on radio, television, in night clubs, etc. Producers of motion picture and television tape are classified in Industry 7812 and producers of radio tape in the subgroup "Other theatrical services." 3. Artists' and entertainers' managers, concert bureaus, and booking agents. 4. Other theatrical services-Establishments engaged in theatrical services, not elsewhere classified, such as ticket agencies; theatrical, television, and radio employment agencies; theatrical equipment rental and design; and lighting. Radio show tape producers are included here. Bands, orchestras, actors, and other entertainers and entertainment groups (SIC 7929) Establishments primarily engaged in providing entertainment other than live theatrical presentations. These establishments include bands, orchestras, and entertainers. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Dance groups and artists. 2. Symphony orchestras, opera companies, and chamber music organizations. 3. Other music groups and artists-Dance and stage bands, orchestras (except symphony or chamber), combos, quintets, soloists, and similar musical organizations, groups, and artists. 4. Other entertainers and entertainment groups-Entertainers other than dance bands, symphony orchestras, dance groups, or similar musical and dance organizations. Bowling centers (SIC 7933) Establishments primarily engaged in providing facilities for bowling. Professional sports clubs and promoters (SIC 7941) Operators and promoters of professional and semiprofessional athletic clubs, promoters of athletic events, and managers of individual professional athletes. Receipts from radio or television broadcasts, from sales of players, from concession operators, and from noncustomer sources are not included in the total receipts for the activities classified here. Establishments primarily engaged in renting stadiums and athletic fields to sports promoters and clubs are classified in Real Estate, Industry Group 651. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Baseball clubs. 2. Football clubs. 3. Other professional sports clubs. 4. Managers and promoters. Racing, including track operation (SIC 7948) Promoters and participants in racing activities, including racetrack operators, operators of racing stables, jockeys, racehorse trainers, and race car owners and operators. Establishments which own racetracks, but do not engage in promotion of racing events, are classified in Real Estate, Industry Group 651. Stables and kennels primarily engaged in breeding or boarding horses and dogs are classified in Agriculture, Industry 0752. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Auto racetrack operation. 2. Horse racetrack operation. 3. Dog racetrack operation. 4. Racing stables and racing, n.e.c. Physical fitness facilities (SIC 7991) Establishments primarily engaged in operating reducing and other health clubs, spas, and similar facilities featuring exercise and other active physical fitness conditioning, whether or not on a membership basis. Establishments providing aerobic dance and exercise classes are also included here. Sports and recreation clubs are classified in Industry 7997 if operated on a membership basis, and in Industry 7992 or 7999 if open to the general public. Health resorts and spas providing lodging are classified in Major Group 70. Establishments that promote physical fitness through diet control are classified in Industry 7299. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Physical fitness centers, except gymnasiums and athletic clubs. 2. Membership gymnasiums and athletic clubs. 3. Nonmembership gymnasiums and athletic clubs. Public golf courses (SIC 7992) Privately operated establishments primarily engaged in the operation of golf courses open to the general public on a fee basis. Municipally owned and operated golf courses are not included. Membership golf and country clubs are classified in Industry 7997. Miniature golf courses and golf driving ranges are classified in Industry 7999. Coin-operated amusement devices (SIC 7993) Establishments primarily engaged in operating coin-operated amusement devices either in their own or in other places of business. Such amusement devices include juke boxes, pinball machines, mechanical games, video games, slot machines (where legal), and similar types of amusement equipment. The amusement devices may also be operated by bills. Amusement arcades and parlors are also included. Establishments primarily engaged in rental of such devices are classified in Industry 7359. Amusement parks (SIC 7996) Establishments known as amusement parks, theme parks, kiddie parks, etc. which group together a number of attractions, such as mechanical rides, amusement devices, refreshment stands, and picnic grounds. Individual ride operators or concessionaires operating within the park are classified in Industry 7999 , as are carnivals operating without a fixed exhibition site. Owners of the park grounds (who do not operate the amusement parks) are classified in Real Estate, Industry Group 651. Membership sports and recreation clubs (SIC 7997) Sports and recreation clubs which maintain facilities for use only by members and their guests, such as country, golf, tennis, yacht, and swimming clubs. Such establishments are classified here regardless of the proportion of receipts derived from food or liquor sales. Membership organizations engaged in civic, social, or fraternal activities are classified in Industry 864. Physical fitness facilities are classified in Industry 7991. Amusement and recreation services, n.e.c. (SIC 7999) Establishments primarily engaged in the operation of sports, amusement, and recreation services, not elsewhere classified, such as bathing beaches, swimming pools, and riding academies and schools. Membership sports and recreation clubs not open to the general public are classified in Industry 7997. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Concession operators of amusement devices and rides--Concession operators of mechanical rides or of amusement devices in amusement parks, carnivals, circuses, or fairs; or operators of independently operated rides or devices of this type. 2. Carnivals and circuses--Establishments operating a group of amusement, service, and/or retail units, generally known as carnivals, which do not have any fixed exhibition site; or companies engaged in the operation of circuses having acrobatic and animal shows and individual circus acts. Side shows are included here. Individual performers in circuses are classified in Other entertainers and entertainment groups, Industry 7929 Part. 3. Fairs--Establishments primarily engaged in arranging and operating the exhibitions and related activities usually associated with county, State, or similar fairs. Carnivals and side shows which are part of the fairs, but which are independently owned and operated are included in the subgroup Carnivals and circuses. Other independently owned and operated amusement device and ride concessions are included in the subgroup "Concession operators of amusement devices and rides." 4. Billiard and pool establishments. 5. Roller skating rinks. 6. Ice skating rinks. 7. Other amusement and recreation services, n.e.c. Establishments primarily engaged in the commercial operation of sports, amusement, and recreation services, not elsewhere classified. Included are establishments engaged in instruction of sports or recreational activities, such as baseball, bridge, golf, judo, karate, skiing, swimming, tennis, etc. Also included are establishments renting articles for amusement and recreation, such as beach chairs and accessories, bicycles, golf carts, small boats and canoes, and saddle horses. Other establishments in this classification include commercially operated bathing beaches, gambling establishments (where legal), golf driving ranges, miniature golf courses, riding academies and stables, shooting galleries, slot-car tracks, ski lifts, day camps, and establishments engaged in the commercial operation of swimming pools open to the general public for a fee. Municipally operated golf courses and swimming pools are excluded from this census. Privately owned tourist attractions, such as natural wonders or manmade exhibits, are included here. Museums, art galleries, and botanical and zoological gardens are included in Major Group 84. Health Services (SIC Major Group 80) This group includes establishments primarily engaged in furnishing medical, surgical, and other health services to persons. Associations or groups, such as Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO's), primarily engaged in providing medical or other health services to members are included, but those which only provide insurance covering hospitalization or medical costs are classified in Insurance, Major Group 63. Hospices providing medical services are also included in this Major Group and are classified according to the primary service provided. Health care facilities were primarily coded based on self- designation. Where multiple levels of care were indicated, but were not apparently separate operations, the facility was generally classified based on the highest level of care provided. Veterinarians are classified in Agriculture, Industry Group 074. Offices and clinics of doctors of medicine (SIC 801) Establishments of licensed practitioners having the degree of M.D. and engaged in the practice of general or specialized medicine and surgery. General medical clinics (staffed by licensed practitioners having M.D. degree) are also classified here. Associations of physicians formed solely for sharing expenses (including payroll) are also included here. Receipts are not applicable for these associations since their operations are funded by reimbursements from member firms, and these funds are not considered operating receipts for medical services provided. However, their payroll and employment data are included in statistics presented for this category. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Offices of physicians Includes offices as well as group clinics owned and operated by physicians for the purpose of carrying on their profession. 2. Clinics of physicians Includes clinics not owned and operated by physicians associated for the purpose of carrying on their profession. Offices and clinics of dentists (SIC 802) Establishments of licensed practitioners having the degree of D.D.S. (or D.D. Sc.) or D.M.D. and engaged in the practice of general or specialized dentistry, including dental surgery. Dental clinics are also classified here. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Offices of dentists Includes offices as well as group clinics owned and operated by dentists associated for the purpose of carrying on their profession. 2. Clinics of dentists Includes clinics not owned and operated by dentists associated for the purpose of carrying on their profession. Offices and clinics of doctors of osteopathy (SIC 803) Establishments of licensed practitioners having the degree of D.O. and engaged in the practice of general or specialized osteopathic medicine and surgery. Offices and clinics of chiropractors (SIC 8041) Establishments of licensed practitioners having the degree of D.C. and engaged in the practice of chiropractic medicine. Offices and clinics of optometrists (SIC 8042) Establishments of licensed practitioners having the degree of O.D. and engaged in the practice of optometry. Establishments where receipts are primarily from the sale of optical goods prescribed as a result of eye examinations performed at another establishment are classified in Retail Trade, Industry 5999. Offices and clinics of podiatrists (SIC 8043) Establishments of licensed practitioners having the degree of D.P. and engaged in the practice of podiatry. Offices and clinics of health practitioners, n.e.c. (SIC 8049) Establishments of health practitioners engaged in practice in health fields, not elsewhere classified, such as acupuncturists, midwives, nutritionists, physical and occupational therapists, and psychologists. Skilled nursing care facilities (SIC 8051) Establishments primarily engaged in providing inpatient nursing and rehabilitative services to patients who require continuous health care, but not hospital services. Care must be ordered by and under the direction of a physician. The staff must include a licensed nurse on duty continuously with a minimum of one full-time registered nurse on duty during each day shift. Included are establishments certified to deliver skilled nursing care under the Medicare and Medicaid programs. Intermediate care facilities (SIC 8052) Establishments primarily engaged in providing inpatient nursing and rehabilitative services, but not on a continuous basis. Staffing must include 24-hour per day personnel with a licensed nurse on duty full-time during each day shift. At least once a week, consultation with a registered nurse on the delivery of care is required. Included are facilities certified to deliver intermediate care under the Medicaid program. Nursing and personal care facilities, n.e.c. (SIC 8059) Establishments primarily engaged in providing some nursing and/or health-related care to patients who do not require the degree of care and treatment that a skilled or intermediate care facility is designed to provide. Included are rest homes, convalescent homes, and other institutions where health care is a major element. Residential facilities, such as homes for the retarded and the elderly which provide personal care, but where health care is incidental, are classified in Industry 8361. General medical and surgical hospitals (SIC 8062) Establishments primarily engaged in providing general medical and surgical services and other hospital services. Specialty hospitals are classified in Industries 8063 and 8069. Psychiatric hospitals (SIC 8063) Establishments primarily engaged in providing diagnostic medical services and inpatient treatment for the mentally ill. Establishments known as hospitals and primarily engaged in providing health care for the mentally retarded are classified in Industry 8051. Specialty hospitals, except psychiatric (SIC 8069) Establishments primarily engaged in providing diagnostic services, treatment, and other hospital services for specialized categories of patients, except for the mentally ill. Medical laboratories (SIC 8071) Establishments primarily engaged in providing professional analytic or diagnostic services to the medical profession or to the patient as prescribed by a physician. Laboratories engaged in the manufacture of medical or pharmaceutical products are classified in Manufacturing. Laboratories engaged in commercial medical research are classified in Industry 8731, and those engaged in noncommercial medical research are classified in Industry 8733. Dental laboratories (SIC 8072) Establishments primarily engaged in making dentures, artificial teeth, and orthodontic appliances to order for the dental profession. The manufacture of teeth other than to order is classified in Manufacturing. Establishments providing dental X-ray laboratory services are classified in Industry 8071. Home health care services (SIC 8082) Establishments primarily engaged in providing skilled nursing or medical care in the home under supervision of a medical doctor. Establishments of registered or practical nurses engaged in the independent practice of their profession are classified in Industry 8049, and nurses' registries are classified in Industry 7361. Establishments primarily engaged in selling health care products for personal or household consumption are classified in Retail Trade, and those engaged in renting or leasing products for health care are classified in Industry 7352. Kidney dialysis centers (SIC 8092) Establishments primarily engaged in providing kidney or renal dialysis services. Specialty outpatient facilities, n.e.c. (SIC 8093) Establishments primarily engaged in outpatient care of a specialized nature, such as alcohol and drug treatment, birth control/family planning, etc., with permanent facilities and with medical staff to provide diagnosis, treatment, or both for patients who are ambulatory but do not require inpatient care. Health and allied services, n.e.c. (SIC 8099) Establishments primarily engaged in providing health and allied services, n.e.c., such as blood banks, blood donor stations, childbirth preparation classes, medical photography and art, and oxygen tent services. Establishments of registered or practical nurses in independent practice are classified in Industry 8049. Ambulance services are classified in Transportation, Industry 4119. Legal Services (SIC Major Group 81) This group includes establishments which are headed by members of the bar and are engaged in offering legal advice or legal services. Nonprofit legal services (including legal aid societies) are classified here. Associations of lawyers formed solely for the sharing of expenses (including payroll) and not for the purpose of jointly practicing their profession are also included. Receipts are not applicable for these associations since their operations are funded by reimbursements from member firms, and these funds are not considered operating receipts for legal services provided. However, their payroll and employment data are included in statistics presented for this category. Selected Educational Services (SIC's 823, 824, 829) This group includes libraries as well as establishments furnishing formal courses through correspondence, commercial, and trade schools. Elementary and secondary schools (Industry 8211); colleges, universities, and professional schools (Industry 8221); and junior colleges and technical institutes (Industry 8222) are out of scope of the censuses. Libraries (SIC 823) Establishments primarily engaged in providing library services, including the circulation of books and other materials for reading, study, and reference. Data processing schools (SIC 8243) Establishments primarily engaged in offering training in data processing (including data keying), computer programming, and in computer and peripheral equipment operation, maintenance, and repair. Business and secretarial schools (SIC 8244) Establishments primarily engaged in offering courses in business machine operation, office procedures, and secretarial and stenographic skills. Vocational schools, n.e.c. (SIC 8249) Establishments primarily engaged in offering specialized vocational courses, not elsewhere classified, but not academic training. This industry includes apprentice training, aviation schools, commercial art schools, and practical nursing schools. Schools for the instruction of beauticians are classified in Industry 7231, and barber schools are classified in Industry 7241. Establishments primarily engaged in offering educational courses by mail are included here. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Correspondence schools. 2. Vocational schools, except correspondence and high schools, n.e.c. Schools and educational services, n.e.c. (SIC 829) Establishments primarily engaged in offering specialized educational courses and services, not elsewhere classified, such as music schools, drama schools, language schools, student exchange programs, and civil service and other short-term examination preparatory schools. Vocational counseling (excluding rehabilitation) is also included here. Educational testing is included in Industry 8748. Establishments primarily engaged in operating dance schools are classified in Industry 7911; those providing rehabilitation counseling are classified in Industry 8331; and those providing sports instruction in Industry 7999. Social Services (SIC Major Group 83) This group includes establishments providing social services and rehabilitation services to those persons with social or personal problems requiring special services and to the handicapped and the disadvantaged. Also included are organizations soliciting funds to be used directly for these and related services, as well as community development and planning agencies. Government offices involved with the delivery of such services are out of scope of the censuses. Individual and family social services (SIC 832) Establishments primarily engaged in providing one or more of a variety of individual and family social, counseling, welfare, or referral services, including refugee, disaster, and temporary relief services. Job training and vocational rehabilitation services (SIC 833) Establishments primarily engaged in providing training, work experience, and vocational rehabilitation services for the unemployed, the underemployed, the handicapped, and to persons who have a job market disadvantage because of lack of education or experience, skill obsolescence, or personal characteristics or problems. Included are upgrading and job development services, skill training, world-of-work orientation, and vocational rehabilitation counseling. Union apprentice training schools are classified in Industry 8249. Child day care services (SIC 835) Establishments primarily engaged in care of infants or children, or in providing prekindergarten education, where medical care or delinquency correction is not a major element. These establishments may or may not have substantial educational programs and may care for older children when they are not in school. Establishments providing babysitting services are classified in Industry 7299. Head start centers operating in conjunction with elementary schools are classified in Industry 8211. Residential care (SIC 836) Establishments primarily engaged in the provision of residential social and personal care for children, the elderly, and special categories of persons with some limits on ability for self-care, but where medical care is not a major element. Included here are group foster homes; halfway group homes; homes for the retarded, the elderly, the deaf, and the blind; juvenile correctional homes; rehabilitation (residential) centers; and children's boarding homes. Boarding schools providing elementary and secondary education are classified in Industry 8211. Social services, n.e.c. (SIC 839) Establishments primarily engaged in providing social services, not elsewhere classified, including community improvement, social change, and neighborhood development. Also included are organizations primarily engaged in soliciting contributions on their own account and administering appropriations and allocating funds among other agencies engaged in social welfare services; establishments primarily engaged in the prevention of criminal or antisocial behavior; and regional social service planning agencies. Establishments which raise funds on a contract basis are classified in Industry 7389. Civic, social, fraternal, and political organizations are included in Major Group 86. Industrial development consulting and planning is classified in Industry 8748. Philanthropic trusts and foundations which are not actually engaged in providing social welfare services are classified in Finance, Industry 6732. Museums, Art Galleries, and Botanical and Zoological Gardens (SIC Major Group 84) This major group includes commercial and noncommercial museums, art galleries, arboreta, and botanical and zoological gardens. Museums and art galleries (SIC 8412) Establishments primarily engaged in the commercial or noncommercial operation of museums and art galleries. Historical, cultural, and educational societies whose functions are primarily providing attractions for the public are included here. Art galleries or art dealers primarily selling to the general public are classified in Retail Trade, Industry 5999. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Commercial museums and art galleries--Includes museums primarily supported by admissions, merchandise sales, and other sources except contributions, grants, etc. 2. Noncommercial museums and art galleries Includes museums primarily supported by contributions, grants, etc. Arboreta, botanical and zoological gardens (SIC 8422) Establishments primarily engaged in the commercial or noncommercial operation of arboreta and botanical and zoological gardens. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Commercial arboreta and botanical or zoological gardens Includes arboreta primarily supported by admissions, merchandise sales, and other sources except contributions, grants, etc. 2. Noncommercial arboreta and botanical or zoological gardens Includes arboreta primarily supported by contributions, grants, etc. Selected Membership Organizations (SIC's 861, 862, 864, 869) This group includes organizations operating on a membership basis for the promotion of the interests of their members. Also included are organizations which are not operated on a membership basis, but which promote the interests of a constituency or group of supporters. This group does not include business establishments operated by membership organizations, such as hotels open to the general public, golf and country clubs, fraternity and sorority houses, and credit unions. Such establishments are classified according to their primary activity. Establishments of religious organizations operated for worship or for promotion of religious activities, such as churches, convents, and religious schools and missions, are classified in Industry 8661 and are out of scope of the censuses. Also excluded are Labor unions and similar labor organizations (Industry 8631) and Political organizations (Industry 8651). Business associations (SIC 861) Membership organizations engaged in promoting business interests of their members, such as better business bureaus, boards of trade, chambers of commerce, industrial standards committees, merchants' associations, real estate boards, and trade associations. Membership organizations formed to carry out a specific business function, such as common marketing of crops or joint advertising, are classified according to the function performed. Professional membership organizations (SIC 862) Membership organizations of professional persons formed for the advancement of the interests of their profession, such as bar associations, engineering associations, and scientific membership organizations. Civic, social, and fraternal associations (SIC 864) Membership organizations engaged in civic, social, or fraternal activities, such as alumni associations, citizens' associations, fraternities, scout organizations, singing societies, university clubs, veterans' organizations, youth associations, and consumer education and public advocacy groups (except organizations primarily engaged in research). Bars and restaurants owned and operated by organizations for use by members and guests only are also classified here. Hotels and lodging houses operated by organizations for use by members and their guests only, including fraternity and sorority houses, are classified in Industry 7041. Membership sports and recreation clubs are classified in Industry 7997. Homeowner, tenant, and condominium associations primarily engaged in managing real estate are classified in Real Estate, Industry 6531. Membership organizations, n.e.c. (SIC 869) Membership organizations, not elsewhere classified, such as athletic regulatory associations, automobile owners' associations, farm bureaus, historical clubs, and humane societies. Engineering, Accounting, Research, Management, and Related Services (SIC Major Group 87) This group includes establishments primarily engaged in providing engineering, architectural, and surveying services; accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services; research, development, and testing services; and management and public relations services. Engineering services (SIC 8711) Establishments primarily engaged in providing professional engineering services. Establishments primarily providing and supervising their own engineering staff on temporary contract to other firms are included here. Establishments providing to other firms are included here. Establishments providing engineering, but not supervisory, personnel are classified in Industry 7363. Photogrammetric engineering services are classified in Industry 8713. Architectural services (SIC 8712) Establishments primarily engaged in providing professional architectural services. Landscape architectural services are classified in Agriculture, Industry 0781. Establishments primarily engaged in providing graphic arts and related design services are classified in Industry 7336, and those providing drafting services are classified in Industry 7389. Surveying services (SIC 8713) Establishments primarily engaged in providing professional land, water, and aerial surveying services. Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services (SIC 8721) Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing accounting, bookkeeping, and related auditing services. These establishments may use data processing and tabulating techniques as part of providing their services. However, establishments primarily engaged in providing data processing and tabulating services are classified in Industry 7374. Establishments providing income tax return preparation services, without also furnishing accounting, auditing, or bookkeeping services, are classified in Industry 7291. Commercial physical and biological research (SIC 8731) Establishments primarily engaged in physical and biological research and development on a contract or fee basis. Noncommercial research establishments (funded by endowments, grants, or contributions) are classified in Industry 8733. Separate establishments of aircraft, guided missile, or spacecraft manufacturers primarily engaged in research and development on these products are classified in Manufacturing, Major Group 37. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Commercial physical research. 2. Commercial medical and biological research. Commercial economic, sociological, and educational research (SIC 8732) Establishments primarily engaged in performing business, marketing, opinion, and other economic, sociological, and educational research on a contract or fee basis. Noncommercial research establishments (funded by endowments, grants, or contributions) are classified in Industry 8733. Noncommercial research organizations (SIC 8733) Establishments primarily engaged in performing research into and dissemination of information for public health, education, or general welfare. These establishments primarily operate on funds from endowments, contributions, and grants. Establishments which fund such research, although the actual research may be contracted out to other establishments, are also classified here. Testing laboratories (SIC 8734) Establishments primarily engaged in providing testing services. Establishments performing clinical laboratory testing for the medical profession are classified in Industry 8071. Management services (SIC 8741) Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing general or specialized management services on a day to day basis and on a contract or fee basis. Establishments classified here do not provide operating staff. Management and operation of a business, where operating staff as well as management is provided, is classified according to the activity of the establishment managed. Construction management services are classified here. Management consulting services (SIC 8742) Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing operating counsel and assistance to managements of private, nonprofit, and public organizations. These establishments generally perform a variety of activities, such as strategic and organizational planning; financial planning and budgeting; marketing objectives and policies; information systems planning, evaluation, and selection; human resources policies and practices planning; and production scheduling and control planning. Public relations services (SIC 8743) Establishments primarily engaged in the preparation of materials, written or spoken, which are designed to promote the interests of their clients by attempting to influence the general public or other groups. Facilities support management services (SIC 8744) Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing personnel to perform a range of services in support of the operations of other establishments, or those engaged in providing a number of different continuing services, on a contract or fee basis, within other establishments. Establishments which provide management and staff to operate a business are classified according to the type of activity of the business. Establishments primarily providing one specialized service are classified in the specialized industry. Establishments primarily supplying temporary or continuing help (except agricultural) are classified in Industry 7363. Establishments which provide management services only (except agricultural) are classified in Industry 8741. Computer facilities management is classified in Industry 7376. Business consulting services, n.e.c. (SIC 8748) Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing business consulting services, not elsewhere classified, on a contract or fee basis. Included are agricultural, economic, educational, and systems engineering consultants as well as city planners and testing services (educational or personnel). Services, Not Elsewhere Classified (SIC Major Group 89) Establishments primarily providing services, not elsewhere classified, such as artists (excluding commercial and medical artists), authors, scientific consultants (working on their own account), inventors, lecturers, music arrangers, newspaper columnists, radio commentators, song writers, weather forecasters, and writers. There is evidence that among small employer establishments (for which kind-of-business information is obtained from administrative records), many service establishments are classified incorrectly in this industry because there is insufficient information to determine the correct kind-of- business classification. Therefore, the published data probably overstate the number of establishments and level of activity for this category. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Scientific and related consulting services. 2. Other services, n.e.c. CENSUS OF SERVICE INDUSTRIES OVERVIEW Glossary CONTENTS Annual Payroll---------------- VII-27 Auxiliary Establishments------ VII-27 Establishments---------------- VII-27 Firms------------------------- VII-27 First Quarter Payroll--------- VII-27 Legal Form of Organization---- VII-27 Paid Employees for Pay Period Including March 12---------- VII-28 Receipts---------------------- VII-28 Revenue----------------------- VII-28 Single Units and Multiunits--- VII-28 Annual payroll--Payroll includes all forms of compensation such as salaries, wages, commissions, bonuses, vacation allowances, sick-leave pay, and the value of payments in kind (e.g., free meals and lodgings) paid during the year to all employees. Tips and gratuities received by employees from patrons and reported to employers are included. For corporations, it includes amounts paid to officers and executives; for unincorporated businesses, its does not include profit or other compensation of proprietors or partners. Payroll is reported before deductions for social security, income tax, insurance, union dues, etc. This definition of payroll is the same as that used by the IRS on form 941. Auxiliary establishments--Each company included in this census was asked to identify and report separately those auxiliary locations whose primary functions were to manage, administer, service, or support the activities of the other establishments of the company. Unless otherwise noted, data presented in these files does not include auxiliary establishments. Data for auxiliaries are presented in a subsequent report issued as part of the 1987 Enterprise Statistics reports. Establishments--An establishment is a single physical location at which business is conducted. It is not necessarily identical with a company or enterprise, which may consist of one establishment or more. Most economic census figures represent a summary of reports for individual establishments rather than companies. For cases where a census report was received, separate information was obtained for each location where business was conducted. When administrative records of other Federal agencies were used instead of a census report, no information was available on the number of locations operated. Estimates of this number were derived from a sample and will be provided in the report for several censuses entitled, Miscellaneous Subjects. Each establishment was tabulated according to the physical location at which the business was conducted. When two activities or more were carried on at a single location under a single ownership, all activities generally were grouped together as a single establishment. The entire establishment was classified on the basis of its major activity and all data for it were included in that classification. However, when distinct and separate economic activities (for which different industry classification codes were appropriate) were conducted under the same ownership at a single location, and when conditions prescribed by the SIC manual for recognizing the existence of more than one establishment were met, separate establishment reports for each of the different activities were obtained in the census. Firms--A firm is a business organization or entity consisting of one domestic establishment (location) or more under common ownership or control. All establishments of subsidiary firms are included as part of the owning or controlling firm. For the economic censuses, the terms "firm" and "company" are synonymous. First quarter payroll--This item consists of payroll, (see annual payroll), paid to persons employed at any time during the quarter January to March 1987. Legal form of organization--The legal form of organization for firms in the mail universe was based on the response to the organizational status inquiry on the various census forms. The legal form of organization of nonmail firms was generally based on information available from the administrative records of other Federal agencies. This report presents data by the following legal forms of organization: 1. Corporations (including corporate cooperatives). 2. Individual proprietorships. 3. Partnerships. 4. Other types. Paid employees for pay period including March 12--Paid employees consist of the full-time and part-time employees, including salaried officers and executives of corporations, who were on the payroll in the pay period including March 12. Included are employees on paid sick leave, paid holidays, and paid vacations; not included are proprietors and partners of unincorporated businesses. The definition of paid employees is the same as that used on IRS form 941. Receipts (Basic dollar volume measure for service establishments of firms subject to Federal Income Tax)--Includes receipts from customers or clients for services rendered, from the use of facilities, and from merchandise sold during 1987 whether or not payment was received in 1987, except for health practitioners and legal, architectural, engineering, and surveying services, which reported on a cash basis (payments received in 1987 regardless of when services were rendered.) Excise taxes on gasoline, liquor, tobacco, etc., which are paid by the manufacturer or wholesaler and passed on in the cost of goods purchased by the service establishment, are also included. Receipts from leasing of vehicles, equipment, etc. marketed under operating leases are included in receipts figures as well as the fair sales value of merchandise marketed in 1987 under capital, finance, or "full payout" leases. Receipts also include the total value of service contracts, amounts received for work subcontracted to others, and dues and assessments from members and affiliates. Receipts are net after deductions for refunds and allowances for merchandise returned by customers. Receipts do not include sales, occupancy, admissions, or other taxes collected from customers and remitted directly by the firm to a local, State, or Federal tax agency, nor do they include income from such sources as contributions, gifts, and grants; dividends, interest, and investments; or sale or rental of real estate. Also excluded are rents from and receipts (gross as well as the establishment's share) of departments and concessions which are operated by others; sales of used equipment rented or leased to customers; commissions from vending machine operators; and other nonoperating income such as royalties, franchise fees, etc. Receipts in service census files do not include service receipts of manufacturers, wholesalers, retail establishments, or other businesses whose primary activity is other than service. They do, however, include receipts other than from services rendered (e.g., sale of merchandise to individuals or other businesses) by establishments primarily engaged in performing services and classified in the service industries. Revenue (Basic dollar volume measure for firms exempt from Federal Income Tax)--Includes revenue from customers or clients for services rendered and merchandise sold during 1987, whether or not payment was received in 1987. Also included are income from interest, dividends, gross contributions, gifts, grants (whether or not restricted for use in operations), rents, royalties, dues and assessments from members and affiliates, and net receipts from fundraising activities. Receipts from taxable business activities of firms exempt from Federal Income Tax (Unrelated Business Income) are also included in revenue. Revenue does not include sales, admissions, or other taxes collected by the organization from customers or clients and paid directly to a local, State, or Federal tax agency; income from the sale of real estate, investments, or other assets (except inventory held for resale); gross receipts of departments, concessions, etc., which are operated by others; and amounts transferred to operating funds from capital or reserve funds. Single units and multiunits--See size of firm explanation on page IV-5. CENSUS OF SERVICE INDUSTRIES--OVERVIEW General Questionnaire Facsimile