CHAPTER XV Census of Transportation Overview Introduction XV-3 Kind-of-Business Classifications XV-5 Glossary XV-9 General Questionnaire Facsimile XV-11 CENSUS OF TRANSPORTATION OVERVIEW Introduction CONTENTS Census of Transportation XV-3 Census Disclosure Rules XV-3 Geographic Areas Covered XV-3 Dollar Values XV-3 Reliability of Data XV-4 Special Tabulations XV-4 CENSUS OF TRANSPORTATION The 1987 Census of Transportation, part of the 1987 Economic Censuses, covered selected transportation industries as defined in Division E of the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual.(1) It included all establishments with one or more paid employees primarily engaged in the following classifications: SIC Code Title 42 Motor freight transportation and warehousing 44 Water transportation 47 Transportation services The census excluded firms without paid employees, and governmental establishments classified in the covered industries. The basic tabulations in this report also exclude data for establishments which are "auxiliary" (primary function is providing a service, such as an administrative office) to transportation establishments of the same organization or firm. Data for auxiliaries are presented in a subsequent report issued as part of the 1987 Enterprise Statistics reports. For the 1987 Census of Transportation, large- and medium-size firms, plus all firms known to operate more than one establishment, were sent questionnaires to be completed and returned to the Bureau by mail. For most very small firms, data from existing administrative records of other Federal agencies were used instead. These records provided basic information on location, kind of business, revenue, payroll, number of employees, and legal form of organization. In addition, more detailed information for selected kinds of business was obtained on the various questionnaires. The General Explanation following gives a more detailed explanation of census coverage and methodology. Census Disclosure Rules In accordance with federal law governing census reports, no data are published that would disclose the operations of an individual establishment or business. However, the number of establishments in a kind-of-business classification is not considered a disclosure, so this information may be released even though other information is withheld. Geographic Areas Covered This report series presents data for the following areas: 1. The United States as a whole. 2. Each State and the District of Columbia. 3. Each consolidated metropolitan statistical area (CMSA) and primary metropolitan statistical area (PMSA) defined by the Office of Management and Budget as of June 30, 1987. A CMSA is an area used to facilitate the presentation and analysis of data for large concentrations of metropolitan populations. It includes two or more contiguous PMSAs which have a population of at least 1,000,0002 and which meet specific criteria of urban character and of social and economic integration. 4. Selected metropolitan statistical areas (MSA) defined by the Office of Management and Budget as of June 30, 1987. An MSA is an integrated economic and social unit with a population nucleus of at least 50,000 inhabitants.(2) Each MSA consists of one or more counties meeting standards of metropolitan character; in New England, cities and towns rather than counties are the component geographic units. 1. Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 1987. For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Stock no. 041-001-00315-2. 2. According to 1980 Census of Population. Dollar Values All dollar values presented in this report are expressed in current dollars, i.e., 1987 data are expressed in 1987 dollars and 1982 data in 1982 dollars. Consequently, when making comparisons to prior years, users of the data should consider the inflation that has occurred. Reliability of Data All data compiled in this report originated from either census questionnaires or administrative records of other Federal agencies and, therefore, are not subject to sampling errors. However, the data are subject to nonsampling errors. Non-sampling errors can be attributed to many sources: inability to identify all cases in the actual universe; definition of questions; errors in recording or coding the data obtained; and other errors of collection, response, coverage, and estimation for missing or misreported data. The accuracy of these tabulated data is determined by the joint effects of the various nonsampling errors. No direct measurement of these effects has been obtained except for estimation for missing or misreported data; however, precautionary steps were taken in all phases of the collection, processing, and tabulation of the data in an effort to minimize the effects of nonsampling errors. The Bureau of the Census obtains on computer tape limited information extracted from administrative records of other Federal agencies. This information is used in conjunction with other information available to the Census Bureau to develop estimates for small employers and other establishments for which responses were not received in time for publication. Special Tabulations Special tabulations of data collected in the 1987 Census of Transportation may be obtained, depending on availability of time and personnel, on diskette, computer tape, or in tabular form. The data will be in summary form and subject to the same rules prohibiting disclosure of confidential information (including name, address, kind of business, or other data for individual business establishments or companies) as are the regular publications. Special tabulations are prepared on a cost basis. A request for a cost estimate, as well as exact specifications on the type and format of the data to be provided, should be directed to the Chief, Business Division, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233. To discuss a special tabulation before submitting specifications, call 301- 763-5282. (1) Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 1987. For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Stock no. 041-001-00315-2. (2)According to 1980 Census of Population. CENSUS OF TRANSPORTATION OVERVIEW Kind-of-Business Classifications CONTENTS Transportation Classifications XV-5 TRANSPORTATION CLASSIFICATIONS Transportation, as defined in Division E of the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) manual, includes establishments primarily engaged in rendering a wide variety of services to individuals, business and government establishments, and other organizations. Establishments covered by the census were assigned kind-of-business classifications according to the industry classifications defined in the 1987 SIC manual. When a more detailed classification than defined in the 1987 SIC manual was needed, additional kinds of business were identified within an SIC industry. The basis for a kind-of-business classification is described in Method of Classifying Kinds of Business. Descriptions of those kinds of business for which data are provided in this report follow. Motor Freight Transportation and Warehousing (SIC Major Group 42)--This group includes establishments furnishing local or long-distance trucking or transfer services, or those engaged in the storage of farm products, furniture and other household goods, or commercial goods of any nature. The operation of terminal facilities for handling freight, with or without maintenance facilities, is also included. Establishments primarily engaged in the storage of natural gas are classified in Industry 4922. Field ware-housing is classified in Services, Industry 7389. Establishments of the United States Postal Service are classified in Major Group 43. Local Trucking Without Storage (SIC 4212)--Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing trucking or transfer services without storage for freight generally weighing more than 100 pounds, in a single municipality, contiguous municipalities, or a municipality and its suburban areas. Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing local courier services for letters, parcels, and packages generally weighing less than 100 pounds are classified in Industry 4215; those engaged in collecting and disposing of refuse by processing or destruction of materials are classified in Industry 4953; those engaged in removing overburden from mines or quarries are classified in Division B, Mining; and construction contractors hauling dirt and rock as a part of their construction activity are classified in Division C, Construction. Data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Household goods moving. 2. General freight. 3. Hazardous materials. 4. Agricultural products. 5. Garbage and trash collection. 6. Dump trucking. 7. Other local trucking without storage, n.e.c. Trucking, except local (SIC 4213)--Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing ``over-the-road'' trucking services or trucking services and storage services, including household goods either as common carriers or under special or individual contracts or agreements, for freight generally weighing more than 100 pounds. Such operations are principally outside a single municipality, outside one group of contiguous municipalities, or outside a single municipality and its suburban areas. Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing air courier services for individually addressed letters, parcels, and packages generally weighing less than 100 pounds are classified in Industry 4513 and other courier services for individually addressed letters, parcels, and packages generally weighing less than 100 pounds are classified in Industry 4215. Data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Household goods moving. 2. General freight. 3. Hazardous materials. 4. Agricultural products. 5. Other trucking, except local, n.e.c. Local trucking with storage (SIC 4214)--Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing both trucking and storage services, including household goods, within a single municipality, contiguous municipalities, or a municipality and its suburban areas. Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing warehousing and storage of household goods when not combined with trucking are classified in Industry 4226. Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing local courier services for letters, parcels, and packages weighing less than 100 pounds are classified in Industry 4215. In some tables of this report, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Household goods moving. 2. Other local trucking with storage. Courier services, except by air (SIC 4215)--Establishments primarily engaged in the delivery of individually addressed letters, parcels, and packages (generally under 100 pounds), except by means of air transportation or by the United States Postal Service. Delivery is usually made by street or highway within a local area or between cities. Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing air delivery of individually addressed letters, parcels, and packages, except by the United States Postal Service, are classified in Industry 4513, and establishments of the United States Postal Service are classified in Industry 4311. Establishments primarily engaged in the delivery of advertising and other unaddressed letters, parcels, and packages are classified in Industry 7319. Establishments primarily engaged in undertaking the transportation of goods from shippers to receivers for a charge covering the entire transportation, but making use of other transportation establishments to effect the entire delivery, are classified in Industry 4731. Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing armored car services are classified in Services, Industry 7381. In some tables of this report, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Local courier services. 2. Courier services, except local. Farm product warehousing and storage (SIC 4221)--Establishments primarily engaged in the warehousing and storage of farm products. Establishments primarily engaged in refrigerated warehousing are classified in Industry 4222. Refrigerated warehousing and storage (SIC 4222)--Establishments primarily engaged in the warehousing and storage of perishable goods under refrigeration. The establishments may also rent locker space for the storage of food products for individual households and provide incidental services for processing, preparing, or packaging such food for storage. Establishments primarily selling frozen foods for home freezers (freezer and locker meat provisioners) are classified in Retail Trade, Industry 5421. General warehousing and storage (SIC 4225)--Establishments primarily engaged in the warehousing and storage of a general line of goods. The warehousing of goods at foreign trade zones is classified in Industry 4226. Field warehousing is classified in Services, Industry 7389. In some tables of this report, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. General goods warehousing. 2. Self-service or miniwarehousing. Special warehousing and storage, n.e.c. (SIC 4226)--Establishments primarily engaged in the warehousing and storage of special products, not elsewhere classified, such as household goods, automobiles (dead storage only), furs (for the trade), textiles, whiskey, and goods at foreign trade zones. Warehouses primarily engaged in blending wines are classified in Wholesale Trade, Industry 5182. Terminal and joint terminal maintenance facilities for motor freight transportation (SIC 423)--Establishments primarily engaged in the operation of terminal facilities used by highway-type property carrying vehicles. Also included are terminals which provide maintenance and service for motor vehicles. Terminals operated by motor freight transportation companies for their own use are classified in Industry Group 421. Separate maintenance and service facilities operated by motor freight transportation companies are classified as auxiliary. Establishments primarily engaged in the repair of trucks are classified in Services, Industry Group 753. Water Transportation (SIC Major Group 44)--This group includes establishments engaged in freight and passenger transportation on the open seas or inland waters, and establishments furnishing such incidental services as lighterage, towing, and canal operation. This major group also includes excursion boats, sightseeing boats, and water taxis. Cargo handling operations when carried on by transportation companies and separately reported are classified in Industry 4491. When separate reports for cargo handling are not available, these operations are classified with the transportation establishment. Establishments engaged in the operation of charter or party fishing boats are classified in Services, Industry 7999. Deep sea foreign transportation of freight (SIC 4412)--Establishments primarily engaged in operating vessels for the transportation of freight on the deep seas between the United States and foreign ports. Establishments operating vessels for the transportation of freight which travel to foreign ports and also to noncontiguous territories are classified in this industry. Deep sea domestic transportation of freight (SIC 4424)--Establishments primarily engaged in operating vessels for the transportation of freight on the deep seas between ports of the United States, the Panama Canal Zone, Puerto Rico, and United States island possessions or protectorates. Also included are operations limited to the coasts of Alaska, Hawaii, or Puerto Rico. Establishments performing transportation of freight on the intracoastal waterways paralleling the Atlantic and Gulf coasts are classified in Industry 4449. Freight transportation on the Great Lakes--St. Lawrence Seaway (SIC 4432) Establishments primarily engaged in the transportation of freight on the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway, either between United States ports or between United States and Canadian ports. Water transportation of freight, n.e.c. (SIC 4449)--Establishments primarily engaged in the transportation of freight on all inland waterways, including the intracoastal waterways on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts. Transportation of freight on the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway is classified in Industry 4432. Establishments primarily engaged in providing lighterage and towing or tugboat services are classified in Industry Group 449. Deep sea transportation of passengers, except by ferry (SIC 4481) Establishments primarily engaged in operating vessels for the transportation of passengers on the deep seas. Ferries (SIC 4482)--Establishments primarily engaged in operating ferries for the transportation of passengers or vehicles. Establishments primarily engaged in providing lighterage services are classified in Industry 4499. Water transportation of passengers, n.e.c. (SIC 4489)--Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing water transportation of passengers, not elsewhere classified such as airboats (swamp buggy rides), excursion boat operations, and sightseeing boats. Marine cargo handling (SIC 4491)--Establishments primarily engaged in activities directly related to marine cargo handling from the time cargo, for or from a vessel, arrives at shipside, dock, pier, terminal, staging area, or in-transit area until cargo loading or unloading operations are completed. Included in this industry are establishments primarily engaged in the transfer of cargo between ships and barges, trucks, trains, pipelines, and wharfs. Cargo handling operations carried on by transportation companies and separately reported are classified here. This industry includes the operation and maintenance of piers, docks, and associated buildings and facilities; but lessors of such facilities are classified in Real Estate, Industry 6512. Towing and tugboat services (SIC 4492)--Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing marine towing and tugboat services in the performance of auxiliary or terminal services in harbor areas. The vessels used in performing these services do not carry cargo or passengers. Marinas (SIC 4493)--Establishments primarily engaged in operating marinas. These establishments rent boat slips and store boats, and generally perform a range of other services including cleaning and incidental boat repair. They frequently sell food, fuel, and fishing supplies, and may sell boats. Establishments primarily engaged in building or repairing boats and ships are classified in Manufacturing, Industry Group 373. Establishments primarily engaged in the operation of charter or party fishing boats or rental of small recreational boats are classified in Services, Industry 7999. Water transportation services, n.e.c. (SIC 4499)--Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing miscellaneous services incidental to water transportation, not elsewhere classified, such as lighterage, boat hiring, except for pleasure; chartering of vessels; canal operation; ship cleaning, except hold cleaning; and steamship leasing. Establishments primarily engaged in ship hold cleaning are classified in Industry 4491; and those primarily engaged in the operation of charter or party fishing boats or rental of small recreational boats are classified in Services, Industry 7999. Transportation Services (SIC Major Group 47) This group includes establishments furnishing services incidental to transportation, such as forwarding and packing services, and the arrangement of passenger and freight transportation. Travel agencies (SIC 4724)--Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing travel information and acting as agents in arranging tours, transportation, rental of cars, and lodging for travelers. Tour operators primarily engaged in arranging and assembling tours for sale through travel agents are classified in Industry 4725. Tour operators (SIC 4725)--Establishments primarily engaged in arranging and assembling tours for sale through travel agents. Tour operators primarily engaged in selling their own tours directly to travelers are also included in this industry. Arrangement of passenger transportation, n.e.c. (SIC 4729)--Establishments primarily engaged in arranging passenger transportation, not elsewhere classified, such as ticket offices, not operated by transportation companies, for railroads, buses, ships, and airlines. Arrangement of transportation of freight and cargo (SIC 4731) Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing shipping information and acting as agents in arranging transportation for freight and cargo. Also included in this industry are freight forwarders which undertake the transportation of goods from the shippers to receivers for a charge covering the entire transportation, and, in turn, make use of the services of other transportation establishments as instrumentalities in effecting delivery. For large geographic areas, data are presented for the following subdivisions of this classification: 1. Freight forwarders 2. Arrangement of freight and cargo, n.e.c. Rental of railroad cars (SIC 4741)--Establishments primarily engaged in renting railroad cars, whether or not also performing services connected with the use thereof, or in performing services connected with the rental of railroad cars. Establishments, such as banks and insurance companies, which purchase and lease railroad cars as investments are classified based on their primary activity. Packing and crating (SIC 4783)--Establishments primarily engaged in packing, crating, and otherwise preparing goods for shipping. Establishments primarily engaged in packaging and labeling merchandise for purposes other than shipping (retail packaging) are classified in Industry 7389. Fixed facilities and inspection and weighing services for motor vehicle transportation (SIC 4785)--Establishments primarily engaged in the inspection and weighing of goods in connection with transportation or in the operation of fixed facilities for motor vehicle transportation, such as toll roads, highway bridges, and other fixed facilities, except terminals. Transportation services, n.e.c. (SIC 4789--Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing transportation or services incidental to transportation, not elsewhere classified. Included in this industry are stockyards that do not buy, sell, or auction livestock; sleeping and dining car operations not performed by railroads; and horse-drawn cabs and carriages for hire. CENSUS OF TRANSPORATION--OVERVIEW General Questionnaire Facsimile