1RIINOONORMAL.STYCARTRIDGP@jJIN CHAPTER XXIII Survey of Minority-Owned and Women-Owned Businesses Background........................................XXIII-3 Glossary..........................................XXIII-7 Abstract (Minority-Owned Businesses)..............XXIII-9 Abstract (Women-Owned Businesses)................XXIII-13 File Specifications..............................XXIII-15 File Layouts.....................................XXIII-17 User Notes.......................................XXIII-23 SURVEY OF MINORITY-OWNED AND WOMEN-OWNED BUSINESSES OVERVIEW Background CONTENTS Census Disclosure Rules XXIII-3 Survey Methodology XXIII-3 Reliability of Data XXIII-4 Industry Classifications XXIII-5 Geographic Areas Covered XXIII-5 Comparability of Survey Data With Other Economic Censuses Data XXIII-6 Dollar Values XXIII-6 Microfiche XXIII-6 Compact Discs XXIII-6 Special Tabulations XXIII-6 CENSUS DISCLOSURE RULES The Bureau of the Census is prohibited by law from publishing any statistics that disclose information reported by individual companies or their establishments. Publishing the number of firms is not considered a disclosure by the Bureau of the Census rules. Therefore, these data are shown, even when other data must be withheld. The information and data obtained from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), the Social Security Administration (SSA), and other sources are also treated as confidential and can be seen only by Bureau of the Census employees sworn to protect it from unwarranted disclosure. SURVEY METHODOLOGY The business population that filed IRS form 1040, Schedule C (individual proprietorships); 1065 (partnerships); or 1120S (subchapter S corporations) was identified from government administrative records (see Census Disclosure Rules in the introductory text for safeguards). The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) provided the Census Bureau with the name, address, and employer identification number of the firms; social security numbers (SSN's) of the owners, partners, or shareholders (up to 10 partners or shareholders per firm); principal industrial activity code; dollar receipts of nonemployer firms; and legal form of organization for businesses filing forms 1040, Schedule C, 1065, or 1120S. If an individual filed more that one of the above forms, each form was counted as a separate firm. The SSN's of the owners, partners, and shareholders were sent to the Social Security Administration (SSA), which provided the race codes that were indicated by the individuals on their original applications for SSN's. If a husband and wife filed a joint tax return, the IRS provided information on both filers as well as an indicator if either filed a self-employment (SE) form. This form is used to collect Federal Insurance Contributions ACT (F.I.C.A.) taxes from individuals who operate their own business, have receipts totaling $400 or more, and do not meet the F.I.C.A. tax limit on income from another occupation. This indicator was used to determine whether the husband or wife was the business owner. If neither filed an SE form, ownership was assigned to the husband or wife based on the known ratio or female ownership for that particular industry with a similar receipts size. Persons applying for SSN's prior to 1981 could categorize their race as (a) White, (b) Black, or (c) Other. In 1981, the racial descriptions on social security applications were expanded to (a) Asian, Asian-American, or Pacific Islander, (b) Hispanic, (c) Black, (d) Northern American Indian or Alaskan Native, and (e) White. Most persons who currently own businesses applied for their SSN's prior to 1981. Therefore, the majority of owners could be classified only as "White, " "Black," or "Other" by use of SSA race codes. The SSA race codes were sufficient to determine if a firm was Black-owned, but a sample mail canvass was used to determine if a firm was owned by persons of Hispanic or other minority ancestry. The survey form identified Hispanic ancestral groups of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Latin American (Central or South American), Eu- ropean Spanish, and other Hispanic origins or cultures; Asian and Pacific Islander ancestral groups of Asian Indian, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, Filipino, Hawaiian, and other Asian or Pacific Islander; and Native American ancestral groups of Aleut, Eskimo, and American Indian. Individual proprietors who reported they were of Hispanic or other minority ancestry in the 1982 survey and whose firms were still active in 1987 were excluded from the mail canvass. The Census Bureau has developed lists of Hispanic and Asian surnames. A firm was considered potentially minority owned if at least 30 percent of its owners', partners', or shareholders' surnames were included on these lists or their SSA race codes were "Hispanic" or "Other." Survey forms were sent to the following potentially minority-owned firms: 1. Individual proprietorships with no employees were sampled at varying rates based on the numbers of firms in a particular industry and State. All cases were selected in States and industries where there were relatively few firms, and the sampling rate was lowest in States and industries with the greatest number of firms. No sampling rate was lower than one in ten. Some cases were selected with certainty based on receipts size and their respective industry and State. 2. Individual proprietorship with paid employees, partnerships, and 1120S corporations were sampled at a rate of one in two, or were selected with certainty based on receipts size, number of employees, and annual payroll for their restrictive industry and State. A similar methodology was used to select a national sample from the remaining universe of individual proprietorships, partnerships, and 1120S corporations. A survey form was sent to these cases to estimate the number of firms owned by Americans of Hispanic or other minority ancestry who have surnames more often associated with nonminority ancestries. A standard industrial classification code, geographic code, legal form of organization code, number of employees, annual payroll, and receipts for firms with paid employees were obtained from the Census Bureau's 1987 Economic Census files for each minority- or woman-owned firm. A firm was classified as minority owned if the sole owner or at least half of the partners or shareholders (limited to the 10 partners or shareholders received) were of minority ancestry. It was possible for a firm to be classified in more than one minority group (one racial and one Hispanic ethnicity). For example, a firm was classified as both Hispanic and Asian (and included in both reports) if it was owned equally by two people, one of Japanese ancestry and one of Mexican ancestry. However, such a firm is counted only once at total levels. The following information was obtained for each minority-owned firm from the Census Bureau's 1987 Economic Census files: Standard Industrial Classification code (see Industry Classification below) Geographic code Legal form of organization code Number of employees, annual payroll, and receipts for firms with paid employees RELIABILITY OF DATA The figures shown in this report are, in part, estimated from a sample and will differ from the figures which would have been obtained from a complete census. Two types of possible errors are associated with estimates based on data from sample surveys: sampling errors and nonsampling errors. The accuracy of a survey result depends not only on the sampling errors and nonsampling errors measured, but also on the nonsampling errors not explicitly measured. For particular estimates, the total error may considerably exceed the measured errors. The following is a description of the sampling and nonsampling errors associated with the 1987 Survey of Minority-Owned Business Enterprises. Sampling variability-The particular sample used for this survey is one of a large number of all possible samples of the same size that could have been selected using the sample design. Estimates derived from the different samples would differ from each other. The relative standard error is a measure of the variability among the estimates from all possible samples. The estimated relative standard errors presented in the tables estimate the sampling variability, and thus measure the precision with which an estimate from the particular sample selected for this survey approximates the average result of all possible samples. Relative standard errors are applicable only to those published cells in which sample cases are tabulated. A relative standard error is an expression of the standard error as a percent of the quantity being estimated. The sample estimate and an estimate of its relative standard error can be used to construct interval estimates with a prescribed level of confidence that the interval includes the average results of all samples. To illustrate, if all possible samples were surveyed under essentially the same condition, and calculated from each sample, then: 1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one standard error below the estimate to one standard error above the estimate would include the average value of all possible samples. 2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from one standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors above the estimate would include the average value of all possible samples. 3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from 2 standard errors below the estimate to two standard errors above the estimate would include the average value of all possible samples. Thus, for a particular sample, one can say with specified confidence that the average of all possible samples is included in the constructed interval. Nonsampling errors-All surveys and censuses are subject to nonsampling errors. Nonsampling errors are attributable to many sources: inability to obtain information for all cases in the universe, imputation for missing data, data errors and bias, mistakes in recording or keying data, errors in collection or processing, and coverage problems. Explicit measures of the effects of these nonsampling errors are not available. However, it is believed that most of the important operational and data errors were detected and corrected through an automated data edit designed to review the data for reasonableness and consistency. Quality control techniques were used to verify that operating procedures were carried out as specified. INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATIONS The system published in the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual was used to classify firms. Under this system, economic activities are coded on a numerical basis. Related activities are grouped at a primary level by industry division (i.e., manufacturing, construction, retail trade, etc.). Within each industry division, successive levels of detail of the economic activity are defined: major group (two-digit code); industry group (three-digit code); and industry (four-digit code). For example, one hierarchy in wholesale trade is: SIC level SIC code Description Industry division -- Wholesale trade Major group 50 Durable goods Industry group 506 Electrical goods Industry 5064 Electrical appliances, television and radio sets Data are presented at the industry division or major group level, depending on the table. This study covers all industries in the SIC system except the following: Major Groups 01 and 02, Agricultural Production; 40, Railroad Transportation; 43, U.S. Postal Service; 86, Membership Organizations; 88, Private Households; 91-97, Public Administration; and Industry Groups 673, Trusts; and 679, Miscellaneous investing. GEOGRAPHIC AREAS COVERED Data are presented for the United States, each State and the District of Columbia, metropolitan statistical areas (MSA's), counties, and places. MSA's--The metropolitan statistical areas for which data are shown are among those defined by the Office of Management and Budget as of June 30, 1987. An MSA is an integrated economic and social unit with a population nucleus of at least 50, 000 inhabitants1. Each MSA consists of one or more counties meeting standards of metropolitan character; in New England, cities and towns, rather than counties, are the component geographic units. PMSA's--An MSA with a population of 1 million or more may be subdivided into primary metropolitan statistical areas (PMSA's). A PMSA consists of a large urbanized county or a cluster of counties (cities and towns in New England) that demonstrates very strong internal economic and social links separate from the ties to other portions of its MSA. Where PMSA's are defined, the MSA of which they are component parts is redesignated a consolidated metropolitan statistical area (CMSA). Counties--Data are shown for counties or county equivalents2,3. Places--Included are places of 2, 500 inhabitants or more or incorporated as a city, borough, village, or town1,2. Census areas and boroughs in Alaska, boroughs in New York, and towns in New York and Wisconsin are not included in this category. It States and townships in New Jersey and does, however, include towns in the New England Pennsylvania that are not classified as incorporated laces if they have a total population of 10, 000 or more. COMPARABILITY OF SURVEY DATA WITH OTHER ECONOMIC CENSUSES DATA The MB87AL files show data for all firms that are comparable to the data for minority- and women-owned firms included. Caution should be exercised in comparing data presented in this report with published or unpublished data from other reports of the 1987 Economic Censuses. Factors that affect comparability of data among censuses are industrial scope, business unit covered, receipts size, and coverage of nonemployers. Industrial scope--Industry data for all of the other 1987 Economic Censuses are based on the 1987 SIC Manual4. Data are based on the 1972 SIC Manual (see Industry Classifications). Most of the industries in scope of the other 1987 Economic Censuses were also in scope of this study. However, Major Group 86, Membership Organizations, was within the scope of the 1987 Economic Censuses, but out of the scope of the Survey of Women-Owned Businesses. The following major industry groups were in scope of this study, but not in scope of the other economic censuses (see exceptions below): Major Groups 07, Agricultural Services; 08, Forestry; 09, Fishing, Hunting, and Trapping; 41, Local and Interurban Passenger Transit; 45, Transportation by Air; 46, Pipe Lines, Except Natural Gas; 48, Communication; 49, Electric, Gas, and Sanitary Services; 60, Banking; 61, Credit Agencies Other Than Banks; 62, Security and Commodity Brokers and Services; 63, Insurance Carriers; 64, Insurance Agents, Brokers, and Services; 65, Real Estate; 66, Combined Real Estate and Insurance; and 82, Educational Services; Industry Groups 671, Holding offices; and 672, Investment offices. Industry group 6552 is in scope of this survey and also in scope of other economic censuses. Business unit--Most of the economic censuses are conducted on an establishment or physical location basis; each establishment owned by a firm is individually canvassed and tabulated does, however, include towns in the New England. The unit tabulated was the firm rather than each establishment of the firm. Receipts size--Most of the economic censuses determine whether or not a firm may be counted as an active business according to its receipts size. The specified minimums vary by industry. For this study, a firm had only to file a business tax return with business receipts greater than $500 for it to be counted as an active business. Nonemployer firms--Although nonemployer firms are included in this survey, they are omitted from many of the economic censuses reports. DOLLAR VALUES All dollar values presented are expressed in current dollars--1987 data are expressed in 1987 dollars and 1982 data in 1982 dollars. Consequently, when making comparisons to prior years, users should take into consideration the inflation that has occurred. MICROFICHE The data are also available on microfiche. Microfiche reports are sold by the U.S. Government Printing Office. COMPACT DISCS Data for the economic censuses are also available on compact discs-read only memory (CD-ROM). Discs will contain more detailed comparison data for all firms by State and MSA, as well as the same information found in the report. Discs are sold by Data User Services Division, Customer Services, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233. SPECIAL TABULATIONS Special tabulations of data collected in the 1987 surveys of minority- and women-owned businesses may be obtained, depending on availability of time and personnel, on diskette, computer tape, or in tabular form. The data will be in summary form and subject to the same rules prohibiting disclosure of confidential information (including name, address, kind of business, or other data for individual firms) as are the regular publications. Special tabulations are prepared on a cost basis. A request for a cost estimate, as well as exact specifications on the type and format of the data to be provided, should be directed to the Chief, Economic Surveys Division, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233. --------- 1. According to 1980 Census of Population or subsequent special census. 2. Those defined as of January 1, 1987. 3. See appendix C for Alaska, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, Virginia, and District of Columbia county equivalents. 4. Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 1987. For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Stock No. 041-001-00314-2. SURVEY OF MINORITY-OWNED AND WOMEN-OWNED BUSINESSES OVERVIEW Glossary CONTENTS Annual Payroll XXIII-7 Company XXIII-7 Employment XXIII-7 Ethnicity XXIII-7 Firm XXIII-7 Legal Form of Organization XXIII-7 Race XXIII-8 Receipts XXIII-8 Annual payroll--Annual payroll consists of the combined amount of wages paid, tips reported, and other compensation including salaries, vacation allowances, bonuses, commissions, sick-leave pay, and the value of payments-in- kind (such as free meals and lodging) paid to all employees during the calendar year before deductions for social security, income tax, insurance, union dues, etc. All forms of compensation are included, whether or not subject to income tax or FICA tax, with the exception of annuities, third-party sick pay, and supplemental unemployment compensation benefits (even if income tax was withheld). For corporations, total payroll includes compensation paid to officers and executives; for unincorporated businesses, it does not include profit or other compensation of proprietors or partners. Company--For this report, "company" is the same as "firm." See "Firm" for a detailed definition. Employment--Employment includes all employees, full-time and part-time, reported on a firm's payroll during specified pay periods in 1987. Persons on paid sick leave, paid holidays, and paid vacations are included as employees, as are salaried officers and executives of corporations. However, proprietors and partners of unincorporated businesses are not considered as employees. The derivation of the 1987 employment figures vary somewhat among the different industries. For firms in the minerals, manufacturing, and construction industries, employment represents an annual average of the number of "production workers" on the payroll for any part of the pay periods including the 12th of March, May, August, and November, plus the number of "all other employees" on the payroll during the March 12th pay period. For the other industries covered by the economic censuses and for those industries not covered, employment consists of all employees on the payroll of a firm during the pay period including March 12. Ethnicity--The ethnic categories used in this survey are the same as those defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in their Circular No. A-46, dated May 12, 1977. Firm In this survey, a firm is a legal entity engaged in economic activity during any part of 1987 that filed an IRS form 1040, Schedule C;1065; or 1120S. The different entities are described below under Legal Form of Organization. A firm may operate one place of business or more, such as a chain of restaurants, or have no fixed business location, such as the firm represented by a self- employed carpenter or salesperson. A firm contrasts with an establishment, which is a single physical location at which business is conducted. Most of the other economic censuses are conducted on an establishment, rather than a firm, basis. Legal form of organization--The three legal forms of organization included in this report are: 1. Individual proprietorship--an unincorporated business owned by an individual. Also included in this category are self-employed persons. The business may be the only occupation of an individual or the secondary activity of an individual who works full time for someone else. 2. Partnership--an unincorporated business owned by two or more persons having a financial interest in the business. 3. Subchapter S corporation--a legally incorporated business under State laws. A subchapter S corporation is a special IRS designation for legally incorporated businesses with 35 or fewer shareholders who, because of tax advantages, elect to be taxed as individual shareholders rather than as corporations. Race--The race categories used in this survey are the same as those defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in their Circular No. A-46, dated May 12, 1977. Receipts--Receipts include the gross value of all products sold, services rendered, or other receipts from customers during the year, less returns and allowances. Value for sales and services is given whether or not payment was actually received during the year, and therefore, does not indicate a cash flow. Although receipts data were supposed to cover calendar year 1987, fiscal year reporting was permitted if it did not produce great differences. No adjustments are made for the costs of doing business. Due to the nature of the banking, real estate, and insurance industries and educational and social services, receipts may not be a good indicator of financial worth or size. SURVEY OF MINORITY-OWNED BUSINESSES Abstract CONTENTS Citation XXIII-9 Type of File XXIII-9 Universe Description XXIII-9 Subject-Matter Description XXIII-9 Geographic Coverage XXIII-9 Technical Description XXIII-9 Reference Materials XXIII-11 Related Printed Reports XXIII-11 Related Machine-Readable Data Files XXIII-12 Availability XXIII-12 CITATION Survey of Minority-Owned Business Enterprises on CD-ROM, 1987: [machine- readable data file] / prepared by the Bureau of the Census. -Washington: The Bureau [producer and distributor], 1993. Type of file Summary statistics. Universe description The universe is all firms for which any of the following IRS tax forms were filed during 1987: Form 1040, Schedule C (individual proprietorship or self-employed person). Form 1065 (partnership); Form 1120S (subchapter S corporation). A firm is classified as minority-owned if the sole owner or at least half of the partners or shareholders were members of the specified minority. The universe for these tabulations (SMOBE universe) differs from the universe of other economic census figures by the exclusion of regular corporations (those that file IRS form 1120), the inclusion of nonemployers and certain other very small firms, the inclusion of sectors not covered in the censuses, and the report of data in terms of firms rather than establishments. On the other hand, comparisons can be made to a set of tabulations for ``All U.S. Firms'' in the SMOBE universe, which includes firms without regard to race, sex or Hispanic origin, as shown in files MB87AL01 to MB87AL05, and part of MB87SU04. Subject-Matter Description These files present data on industry groups or sectors of the economy for all firms in the universe, and also for firms with paid employees. Summary tabulations also are provided on type of operation, receipts size, and employment size. Geographic Coverage Data are provided for the U.S, States, metropolitan areas, counties, and places. (Data are included for all metropolitan areas, counties, and places, even though areas with fewer than 100 minority-owned firms are excluded from the corresponding publications.) Technical Description File structure: dBase III+ Data are structured into 24 files--5 to 7 types of data for each of four different minority classifications. The minority classifications are: AL All firms in the SMOBE universe BK Black-owned firms HS Hispanic-owned firms AS Firms owned by Asian Americans, American Indians, and Other Minorities SU Summary of all minorities The five files available for all minority classifications (substitute AL, BK, HS, or AS for .. below) are: MB87..01 U.S. by SIC (2-digit) by year (1987 and 1982) MB87..02 States by year (1987 and 1982) MB87..03 States and metro areas by sector MB87..04 States, counties and places MB87..05 Legal form of organization, receipts size, and employment size by sector In addition, there are two other files for Hispanics and for Asian Americans, American Indians, and other minorities: MB87HS06, MB87AS06 US by SIC (2-digit) by minority group MB87HS07, MB87AS07 States and metro areas by minority group Further, the MB87HS05 and MB87AS05 files include legal form of organization by detailed minority group at the beginning of the file. ``Summary'' files have a very similar structure, but show data for the total of all minority-owned firms. In files 01, 02, and 05 there are also summaries for the following minority groups: minority men, minority women, Blacks, Hispanics, American Indians and Alaska Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders. In file 04, data for the entire SMOBE universe (as are also shown in the AL files), each minority group, and also women are combined in a single file, especially useful in profiling the composition of an area's small business community. The summary for all minority firms differs from totals one might derive by totalling the BK, HS and AS files by taking into account the duplication caused by the fact that over 2 percent of Hispanic owners are also classified as Black or another minority race. MB87SU01 U.S. by SIC (2-digit) by minority group MB87SU02 States by minority group MB87SU03 States by sector; metro areas by sex of owner MB87SU04 U.S, states, counties, places and metro area by minority group, women, plus universe total MB87SU05 Legal form of organization, receipts size, and employment size by minority group All files have the same file structure, but the subject or geographic identifiers used differ from one file to another. All files also have one or more dBase ``.NDX'' index files and label files that can be linked to them. MB87..01--National totals by 2-digit SIC for 1987 and 1982 1. File sequence: Industry group (National file). 2. Available index for AL, BK, HS, and AS files: a. MB87..01: Sector by SIC by year Available index for MB87SU01: a. MB87SU01: Sector by SIC by race by sex MB87..02--State totals for 1987 and 1982 1. File sequence: State by Year 2. Available index for AL, BK, HS, and AS files: a. MB87..02: State by year Available index for MB87SU02: a. MB87SU02: State by race by sex MB87..03--States and metro areas by sector: 1987 1. File Sequence: States, followed by CMSA/MSAs and PMSAs, by sector. 2. Available Indexes: a. MB87..S3: First record for each state b. MB87..M3: First record for each MSA or CMSA c. MB87..P3: First record for each PMSA d. MB87..K3: SECTOR by State by MSA by PMSA MB87..04--U.S., state, county and place totals (plus MSAs in MB87SU04 only) 1. File Sequence: State by county by place (with MSAs at the end in MB87SU04) 2. Available indexes for AL, BK, HS, and AS files: a. MB87..C4: State by County b. MB87..P4: State by Place by County c. MB87..M4: MSA by PMSA by County by Place Available indexes for MB87SU04: a. MB87SU04: RECTYPE by state by place by county by MSA by PMSA by group b. MB87SUC4: First record for each state and county c. MB87SUM4: By MSA by PMSA by county by place d. MB87SUP4: By state by place by county MB87..05--Legal Form of Organization, Receipts Size of Firm, and Employment Size of Firm (MB87AL05 does not have detail by sector. MB87HS05 and MB87AS05 also include legal form of organization by minority group.) 1. File Sequence: Legal Form, Receipts Size, and Employment Size; by sector 2. Available indexes: a. MB87..T5: First record for each RECTYPE and Sector b. MB87..X5: Sector by Legal Form by Receipts Size by Employment Size (by race in MB87SUX5) 3. Linkable label files a. MSA (MSA, CMSA, PMSA titles) b. RECTYPE (record type titles) c. SIC (SIC and Sector titles) d. STCOUNTY (county names) e. STPLACE (place names) f. SMOBCODE (race, ethnic, sex, type of organization, employment size and receipts size categories). MB87HS06, MB87AS06 -National totals for 2-digit SIC by minority group: 1987 Minority groups shown on 06 and 07 files: HS: Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Other Central or South American, European Spanish, Other Hispanic AS: Aleut, Eskimo, American Indian, Asian Indian, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, Filipino, Hawaiian, Other Asian and Pacific Islander 1. File sequence: SIC by ETHNIC or AMNAT_AP 2. Available indexes: a. MB87HS06: ETHNIC by SIC b. MB87AS06: AMNAT_AP by SIC 3. Linkable label files a. SIC (SIC and Sector titles) b. SMOBCODE (race, ethnic categories) MB87HS07, MB87AS07 -State and MSA, CMSA, and PMSA by minority group: 1987 1. File Sequence: States, followed by CMSA/MSAs and PMSAs, by minority group. 2. Available Indexes: a. MB87HSS7, MB87ASS7: First record for each state b. MB87HSM7, MB87ASM7: First record for each MSA or CMSA c. MB87HSK7: ETHNIC by State by MSA by PMSA d. MB87ASK7: AMNAT_AP by State by MSA by PMSA 3. Linkable label files a. MSA (MSA, CMSA, PMSA titles) b. RECTYPE (record type titles) c. STCODE (state names) f. SMOBCODE (race, ethnic categories). Reference Materials 1987 Economic Censuses CD-ROM 1E, Technical Documentation. This documentation has general information, glossaries, record layouts for all files, and other reference material. One copy accompanies each CD-ROM order. Additional copies are available for $10 from Customer Services, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233. Guide to the 1987 Economic Censuses and Related Statistics. Describes the scope, coverage, classification systems, data items, and data products for each of the economic censuses and related surveys. Data comparability and uses are also discussed. Single copies are free from Customer Services, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233. Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987. Prepared by the Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, and available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Price is $24. Related Printed Reports 1987 Survey of Minority-Owned Business Enterprises: Black. 1987 Survey of Minority-Owned Business Enterprises: Hispanic. 1987 Survey of Minority-Owned Business Enterprises: Asian Americans, American Indians, and Other Minorities. 1987 Survey of Minority-Owned Business Enterprises: Summary Presents data corresponding to those included in these files, but includes only those metropolitan areas, counties, and places with 100 or more minority-owned firms. Related Machine-Readable Data Files Women-Owned Business on CD-ROM, 1987. Presents statistics for businesses in the SMOBE universe owned by women. Availability These files are included on Economic Census CD-ROM 1E. SURVEY OF WOMEN-OWNED BUSINESSES Abstract CONTENTS Citation XXIII-13 Type of File XXIII-13 Universe Description XXIII-13 Subject-Matter Description XXIII-13 Geographic Coverage XXIII-13 Technical Description XXIII-13 Reference Materials XXIII-14 Related Printed Reports XXIII-14 Related Machine-Readable Data Files XXIII-14 Availability XXIII-14 CITATION Survey of Women-Owned Businesses on CD-ROM, 1987: [machine-readable data file] / prepared by the Bureau of the Census. -Washington: The Bureau[producer and distributor], 1993. Type of file Summary statistics. Universe description The universe is all firms owned by women for which any of the following IRS tax forms were filed during 1987: Form 1040, Schedule C (individual proprietorship or self-employed person). Form 1065 (partnership). Form 1120S (subchapter S corporation). A firm is classified as women-owned if the sole owner or at least half of the partners or shareholders were women. The universe for these tabulations (SMOBE universe) differs from the universe of other economic census figures by the exclusion of regular corporations (those that file IRS form 1120), the inclusion of nonemployers and certain other very small firms, the inclusion of sectors not covered in the censuses, and the report of data in terms of firms rather than establishments. On the other hand, comparisons can be made to a set of tabulations for "All U.S. Firms" in the SMOBE universe, which includes firms without regard to race, sex or Hispanic origin, as shown in files MB87AL01 to MB87AL05. Subject-Matter Description These files present data on industry groups or sectors of the economy for all women-owned firms in the universe, and also for the subset of those women- owned firms with paid employees. Summary tabulations also are provided on type of operation, receipts size, and employment size. Geographic coverage Data are provided for the U.S, States, metropolitan areas, counties, and places. (Data are included for all metropolitan areas, counties, and places, even though areas with fewer than 100 women-owned firms are excluded from the corresponding publication.) Technical description File structure: dBase III+ Data are structured in five files: WB8701, WB8702, WB8703, WB8704, and WB8705. All files have the same file structure, but the subject or geographic identifiers used differ from one file to another. All files also have one or more dBase ".NDX" index files and label files that can be linked to them. WB8701--National totals by 2-digit SIC for 1987 and 1982 1. File sequence: Industry group (National file). 2. Available index: a. WB8701: Sector by SIC by year WB8702--State totals for 1987 and 1982 1. File sequence: State by Year 2. Available index: a. WB8702: State by year WB8703--States and metro areas by sector: 1987 1. File Sequence: States, followed by CMSA/MSA's and PMSA's, by sector. 2. Available Indexes: a. WB87S3: First record for each state b. WB87M3: First record for each MSA or CMSA c. WB87P3: First record for each PMSA d. WB87K3: SECTOR by State by MSA by PMSA WB8704--County and place totals 1. File Sequence: State by county by place 2. Available indexes: a. WB87C4: State by County b. WB87P4: State by Place by County c. WB87M4: MSA by PMSA by County by Place WB8705--Legal Form of Organization, Receipts Size of Firm, and Employment Size of Firm 1. File Sequence: Legal Form, Receipts Size, and Employment Size; by sector 2. Available indexes: a. WB87T5: Rectype by Sector b. WB87X5: Sector by Legal Form by Receipts Size by Employment Size 3. Linkable label files a. MSA (MSA, CMSA, PMSA titles) b. RECTYPE (record type titles) c. SIC (SIC and Sector titles) d. STCOUNTY (county names) e. STPLACE (place names) f. SMOBCODE (race, ethnic, sex, type of organization, employment size and receipts size categories). REFERENCE MATERIALS 1987 Economic Censuses CD-ROM 1E, Technical Documentation. This documentation has general information, glossaries, record layouts for all files, and other reference material. One copy accompanies each CD-ROM order. Additional copies are available for $10 from Customer Services, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233. Guide to the 1987 Economic Censuses and Related Statistics. Describes the scope, coverage, classification systems, data items, and data products for each of the economic censuses and related surveys. Data comparability and uses are also discussed. Single copies are free from Customer Services, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233. Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987. Prepared by the Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, and available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Price is $24. RELATED PRINTED REPORTS 1987 Survey of Women-Owned Businesses Enterprises: Presents data corresponding to those included in these files, but includes only those metropolitan areas, counties, and places with 100 or more women-owned firms. Related Machine-Readable Data Files All U.S. Firms in SMOBE Universe on CD-ROM, 1987, MB87AL01 to MB87AL05. Presents data for comparable universe not restricted by race, sex or Hispanic origin of the owner(s), for U.S. and States. The data in file WB8704 also appear in MB87SU04 together with data for the SMOBE universe and data for minority groups. AVAILABILITY These files are included on Economic Census CD-ROM 1E. SURVEY OF MINORITY-OWNED AND WOMEN-OWNED BUSINESSES OVERVIEW File Specifications CONTENTS General Data Specifications XXIII-15 File Layout XXIII-15 GENERAL DATA SPECIFICATIONS Data Fields. All files are recorded in dBase III+ format. Numeric data fields contain no alphabetic information. A few fields (those in percentage form) have explicit decimals, unlike corresponding data on tape, which carry only implied decimals. On the other hand, many data items are scaled in thousands or millions, and this is noted only in the file layouts. Any data field which is subject to any special conditions (e.g., suppression to avoid disclosure, not applicable) is preceded by an information flag field which contains explanatory codes. Record Sequence and Geographic Coding. Records in files containing data for MSA's are arranged with like records together, e.g. all State records together, followed by all metro areas. Records in all other files are arranged in hierarchic sequence, e.g., State record, then each county and each place in the county. The presentation of each type of geography is exhaustive in scope. For example, data for a single-county MSA appear among both the county records and the MSA records, even though the corresponding printed reports may present the data only in one place and cross-reference them from the other to avoid duplication. Records generally contain all applicable geocodes, for example, county records for MSA counties carry both an MSA code and a county code. Place records contain a county code; the county code "000" and the MSA and PMSA codes of "0000" are used if the place crosses county boundaries. An exception is made for MSA's and PMSA's, which do not carry the code for a State, unless the summary is only for that part of a MSA or PMSA within a particular State. Names for States, metro areas, counties and places are carried in the files only to the extent that the names do not exceed 20 characters. Full names, especially relevant for long MSA titles, are carried in files separate from the data files. Each is indexed so that geographic names can be accessed in conjunction with corresponding data values. Standard Industrial Classification Titles. Records in the files are specific to a particular sector or industry classification, as identified by the SIC code. Titles for each SIC are shown in the file SMO-SIC on the CD-ROM. Labels for race, ethnicity, origin, sex, form of ownership and size are presented in the record layouts at the appropriate places, and they are also contained in the file SMOBCODE.dbf on the CD-ROM. Titles for each of these labelled variables may be linked to data files using the dBase SET RELATION command, although only one relation can be defined at one time. EXTRACT's "Add Labels" function serves the same purpose. Index Files. Most of these data files have one or more index files that may be used to jump quickly to desired records (e.g., using the dBase FIND command) or to change the sequence of access. Available index files are listed in the abstract. Where noted in the abstract that an index is to the "first record for" a particular type of record, the index can be used during dBase FINDs, but the index must be shut off with SET INDEX TO in order to get access to records other than the first for each geographic area or SIC. FILE LAYOUT Most data items have an associated "flag" to describe suppression that may be used. Flag 0 indicates normal data. Flag 1 indicates (D). Flag 2 identifies data not available, Flag 7 denotes suppression of 1982 data indicates an IRS coding error. Data fields associated with flags 1, 2, and 7 contain zeroes. Economic Censuses, 1987 Survey of Minority-Owned and Women-Owned Business Enterprises FILE 1-5 LAYOUTS (Published Tables 1-9 ) (CD-ROM contains data for all firms, Black-owned business, and women-owned businesses only) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Location Record File Description Type --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mne- Start Num of MSA/ monic Char Char US State PMSA County Place --------------------------------------------------------------------------- FILEID 1 3 Data Data Data Data Data File Identifier ALL All Firms MBB Black- owned Businesses WOB Women- owned Businesses MBH Spanish Origin (on disc 1E only) MBA American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian and Pacific Islander, and Other Minorities (on disc only) TABLENO 4 2 Data Data Data Data Data Table Number in corresponding report SIC 6 4 Data NA NA NA NA Standard Industrial Classification 0000 All Industries 0- Agricultural services, forestry, and fishing 07 Agricultural services 08 Forestry 09 Fishing, hunting, and trapping 1- Mining 10 Metal mining 11 Anthracite mining 12 Bituminous coal and lignite mining 13 Oil and gas extraction 14 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels 1-- Construction 15 General Building contractors 16 Heavy construction contractors 17 Special trade contractors 6552 Subdividers and developers, n.e.c. 2- Manufacturing 20 Food and kindred products 21 Tobacco manufactures 22 Textile mill products 23 Apparel and other textile products 24 Lumber and wood products 25 Furniture and fixtures 26 Paper and allied products 27 Printing and publishing 28 Chemicals and allied products 29 Petroleum and coal products 30 Rubber and plastics products 31 Leather and leather products 32 Stone, clay, and glass products 33 Primary metal 34 Fabricated metal products 35 Machinery, except electrical 36 Electric and electronic equipment 37 Transportation 38 Instruments and related products 39 Miscellaneous manufacturing 4- Transportation and public utilities 41 Local and interurban passenger transit 42 Trucking and warehousing 44 Water transportation 45 Transportation by air 46 Pipe lines, except natural gas 47 Transportation services 48 Communication 49 Electric, gas, and sanitary services 5- Wholesale trade 50 Wholesale- -durable goods 51 Wholesale- -nondurable goods 5-- Retail trade 52 Building materials and garden supplies 53 General merchandise stores 54 Food stores 55 Automotive dealers and service stations 56 Apparel and accessory stores 57 Furniture and home furnishings 58 Eating and drinking places 59 Miscellaneous retail 6- Finance, insurance, and real estate 60 Banking 61 Credit agencies other than banks 62 Security, commodity brokers and services 63 Insurance carriers 64 Insurance agents, brokers, and services 65pt Real estate (except subdividers and developers) 66 Combined real estate, insurance, etc. 67pt Holding and other investment offices (ex. trusts, misc. invstg) 7- Services 70 Hotels and other places 72 Personal services 73 Business services 75 Auto repair, services, and garages 76 Miscellaneous repair services 78 Motion pictures 79 Amusement and recreational services 80 Health services 81 Legal services 82 Educational services 83 Social services 84 Museums, botanical zoological gardens 89 Miscellaneous services 99 Industries not classified SECTOR 10 1 Data Data Data NA NA Sector Code 0 All Industries 1 Agricultural services, forestry, fishing, and mining 2 Construction 3 Manufacturing 4 Transportation and public utilities 5 Wholesale trade 6 Retail trade 7 Finance, insurance, and real estate 8 Services 9 Industries not classified YR 11 2 Data Data NA NA NA Year 87 1987 82 1982 ST 13 2 NA Data NA Data Data FIPS State Code MSA 15 4 NA NA Data Data1 Data2 Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) Code or Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA) Code3 PMSA 19 4 NA NA Data Data1 Data2 Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area (PMSA) Code4 COUNTY 23 3 NA NA NA Data Data2 FIPS County Code PLACE 26 4 NA NA NA NA Data Census Place Code PLACEFIP 30 5 NA NA NA NA Data FIPS Place Code RECTYPE 35 2 01 02 04 06 07 Record Type 01 U.S. 02 State 04 MSA/CMSA or PMSA 06 County 07 Place 61 U.S. totals--by legal form of ownership 62 U.S. totals--by receipts size of firm 62 U.S. totals--by employment size of firm RACE 37 2 Data Data Data Data Data Race or Group Code5 00 All firms 10 Black 20 Hispanic 30 American Native or Asian/Pacific Islander *note* In MB87SU04, RACE is replaced by GROUP, with additional values: 60 Total inorities 90 Women DESCRIPT 39 40 Data Data Data Data Data Text description truncated to irst 40 haracters) AMNAT_AP 79 2 NA NA NA NA NA American Native r Asian/Pacific slander Group ode6 00 All firms 01 American ative, Asian, sian/Pacific slander owned firms, Total 10 American Indian and Alaska Native 11 Aleut- owned firms 12 Eskimo- owned firms 13 American Indian- owned firms 20 Asian and Pacific Islander 21 Asian Indian- owned firms 22 Chinese- owned firms 23 Japanese- owned firms 24 Korean- owned firms 25 Vietnamese- owned firms 26 Filipino- owned firms 27 Hawaiian- owned firms 28 Other Asian and Pacific Islander- owned firms 99 Universe ETHNIC 81 1 NA NA NA NA NA Ethnic Group7 0 All firms 1 All Hispanic- owned firms 2 Mexican- owned firms 3 Puerto Rican- owned firms 4 Cuban- owned firms 5 Other Central or South American- owned firms 6 European Spanish- Owned firms 7 Other Hispanic- owned firms 9 Universe SEX 82 1 NA NA NA NA NA Sex8 0 All firms 2 Male-owned firms 1 Female- owned firms 9 Universe LEGALMOB 83 1 Data NA NA NA NA Legal Form of Organization 0 All firms 1 1120S Corporation (Corp. with share- holders - taxed - separately) 2 Individual proprie- torship 3 Partnership RCTSZMOB 84 2 Data NA NA NA NA Receipts Size of Firm 00 All firms 01 Less than $5,000 02 $5,000 to $9,999 03 $10,000 to $24,999 04 $25,000 to $49,000 05 $50,000 to $99,999 06 $100,000 to $199,000 07 $200,000 to $249,000 08 $250,000 to $499,000 09 $500,000 to $999,999 10 $1,000,000 or more EMPSZMOB 86 2 Data NA NA NA NA Employment Size of Firm 00 All firms 10 Firms without paid employees 20 Firms with paid employees 21 No employees 22 1 to 4 employees 23 5 to 9 employees 24 10 to 19 employees 25 20 to 49 employees 26 50 to 99 employees 27 100 or more employees ALLFIRMF 88 1 Data Data Data Data Data Data information flag 0 No suppression 1 Data are withheld to avoid disclosing operations of individual companies 2 Data not available 7 1982 IRS coding error ALLFIRM 89 8 Data Data Data Data Data Total number of firms, including nonemployers ALLRCPTF 97 1 Data Data Data Data Data Data information flag ALLRCPT 98 10 Data Data Data Data Data Total receipts for all firms, including nonemployers ($1,000) FIRMSF 108 1 Data Data Data Data Data Data information flag FIRMS 109 7 Data Data Data Data Data Number of firms with paid employees RCPTSF 116 1 Data Data Data Data Data Data information flag RCPTS 117 10 Data Data Data Data Data Receipts for firms with paid employees ($1,000) EMPLOYEF 127 1 Data Data Data Data Data Data information flag EMPLOYE 128 8 Data Data Data Data Data Number of paid employees for pay period including March 12 PAYROLLF 136 1 Data Data Data Data Data Data information flag PAYROLL 137 9 Data Data Data Data Data Payroll entire year, ($1,000) Record size is 145 characters. ---------- 1. New England counties are coded `0000', non-New England, non-MSA counties are coded `9999.' 2. Places which cross county boundaries have MSA and PMSA codes of `0000' and county codes of `000.' 3. Areas not in MSA'S have code of 9999. 4. Areas not in PMSA's have code of 9999. 5. In file MB875U04 this variable is renamed GROUP. 6. Shown only for American Native...File. 7. Shown only for Hispanic file. 8. Shown only for Women-owned business files and selected files in the summary series. SURVEY OF MINORITY-OWNED AND WOMEN-OWNED BUSINESSES OVERVIEW User Notes This section will contain information relevant to the Survey of Minority- Owned Business Enterprises on CD-ROM, 1987: Black and Survey of Women-Owned Businesses on CD-ROM, 1987 that indicates specific problems with the data, or that becomes available after the file is released. The cover letter to the updated information should be filed behind this page. 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