Chapter XXIV ENTERPRISE STATISTICS, COMPANY SUMMARY, 1987 Background...................................XXIV-3 Glossary.....................................XXIV-9 Abstract....................................XXIV-13 File Specifications.........................XXIV-17 File Layouts................................XXIV-19 User Notes..................................XXIV-35 ENTERPRISE STATISTICS, COMPANY SUMMARY, 1987 Background CONTENTS Census Disclosure Rules XXIV-3 How the Data are Presented XXIV-3 Company Statistics XXIV-3 Reliability of Data XXIV-4 Sources of Data XXIV-4 Assigning Industry Codes XXIV-6 Out-of-Scope Activities XXIV-6 Comparability of Data XXIV-7 Comparability With Other Publications XXIV-7 The 1987 Enterprise Statistics is a series of publications based on data collected in the 1987 Censuses of Wholesale Trade, Retail Trade, and Service Industries, Manufactures, Mineral Industries, Construction Industries and selected Transportation industries. These reports include: the ``Large Companies'' report, the ``Auxiliary Establishments'' report and the ``Company Summary'' report (formerly the ``General Report on Industrial Organization''). Table 1. from the ``Company Summary'' report, ``United States--Company Statistics'' provides some non-employer data. Only employer firms were included for all other tables in the Enterprise series. The publication ``Company Summary'' is based on responses from the many different 1987 Economic Censuses report forms. Each of the economic census questionnaires includes several general questions such as kind of business, dollar volume of business, number of employees, amount of payroll, and company affiliation. The resulting tables furnish comprehensive data on the industrial organization, size structure, and legal form of organization of all census reporting firms and the establishments they own or control. The publication, ``Large Companies'' is based on responses from a separate 1987 economic census report form sent to large companies with 500 employees or more. The resulting tables show selected financial statistics of large companies. The publication, ``Auxiliary Establishments'' presents data on separately reported auxiliary units of multiestablishment firms. The primary functions of these establishments are to manage, administer, service, or support the activities of the other establishments of the company. The tables furnish detailed financial statistics of auxiliaries by industry classification of the owning company, industry classification of the operating establishments they service, the type of management or supporting service function they provide, their employment size, and their geographic location. CENSUS DISCLOSURE RULES In accordance with Federal law governing census reports, no data are pub- lished that would disclose the operations of an individual establishment or business. However, the number of establishments in a kind-of-business classification is not considered a disclosure, so this information may be released even though other information is withheld. HOW THE DATA ARE PRESENTED This report presents census data collected for establishments (i.e., individual stores, factories, mines, etc.) aggregated to the company level, using the company affiliation information obtained from each business and industrial firm covered in the 1987 Economic Censuses. Virtually all economic census publications present information only for establishments. This publication, however, is unique among census reports in that it provides data for entire companies and their owned establishments. An establishment is defined as a business or industrial unit as a single physical location which produces or distributes goods or performs services. A company is a business organization consisting of all establishments under common ownership or control. COMPANY STATISTICS The company statistics shown in this report are organized into the following sections: Company industrial and structural organization--Company and establishment crosstabulations are prepared based on the entire company's primary industrial activity. These crosstabulations provide, within the analytical framework of a specifically designed enterprise classification system, detailed census data for studying the patterns of vertical integration and diversification among industrial firms. Additional company and establishment crosstabulations are provided displaying data by State and for previous census years. Size--Size structure of companies is shown by employment size, receipts size, concentration of companies, and number of owned establishments. Legal form of organization--Company data for each SIC level and enterprise industry category are shown by legal form of organization: corporation, partnership, sole-proprietorship, and other legal forms. Auxiliary statistics--Auxiliary statistics are shown for companies owning one auxiliary or more. This data is further broken down into principle function performed by the auxiliaries tabulated. RELIABILITY OF DATA All data compiled in this report originated from either census questionnaires or administrative records of other Federal agencies and, therefore, are not subject to sampling errors. However, the data are subject to nonsampling errors. Nonsampling errors can be attributed to many sources: inability to identify all cases in the actual universe; definition and classification difficulties; differences in the interpretation of questions; errors in recording or coding the data obtained; and other errors of collection, response, coverage, and estimation for missing or misreported data. The accuracy of these tabulated data is determined by the joint effects of the various nonsampling errors. No direct measurement of these effects has been obtained except for estimation for missing or misreported data; however, precautionary steps were taken in all phases of the collection, processing, and tabulation of the data in an effort to minimize the effects of nonsampling errors. The Bureau of the Census obtains on computer tape limited information extracted from administrative records of other Federal agencies. This information is used in conjunction with other information available to the Census Bureau to develop estimates for small employers, and other establishments for which responses were not received in time for publication. SOURCES OF DATA Multiestablishment Companies Since 1971, the Bureau of the Census has conducted an annual report of organization survey of multiestablishment companies. Prior to the 1987 Economic Censuses, every multiestablishment company with more than 50 employees was required to complete census form NC-9901, Report of Organization, to determine its organizational and industrial structure as of the end of 1986. Specifically, each company was asked to update and correct a list of individual establishments owned or controlled by either the parent company or its subsidiaries. From the response, the Bureau of the Census was able to select and preaddress the appropriate 1987 census report for each establishment of each company. A company received a separate establishment report form for each physical location at which industrial and business activities within the scope of the 1987 Economic Censuses were conducted. As described by the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual1, companies engaged in distinctly different lines of activity at one location were required to submit a separate establishment report for each activity if separate records were maintained and if the various activities were economically significant. Also, when more than one business (legal entity) was operated at a single location, each was regarded as a separate establishment for the censuses. In addition to preparing a separate census report for each establishment producing or distributing goods or providing services to the general public or other business firms, each company covered in the economic censuses was asked to identify and report separately all auxiliaries. The primary functions of these establishments are to manage, administer, service, or support the activities of the operating establishments of the company. During the actual censuses, information on company-establishment relation- ships and parent-subsidiary affiliations was confirmed or revised by including inquiries requesting information from firms either owning or controlling other companies or owned or controlled by another company in order to identify all subsidiary or parent firms. Single-Establishment Companies Single-establishment companies are classified as either employer firms or nonemployer firms. Employer firms--The Bureau of the Census created a mailing list of all employer firms engaged in industrial activities operating within the scope of the economic censuses by using a name and address computer file of all active businesses listed in the records of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) as having one or more paid employees, and a comparable name and address file of employers from the records of the Social Security Administration (SSA) containing the industry codes assigned to each business. The mailing list of single-establishment firms was developed by deleting from the initial list the records of all multiestablishment companies identified in the annual survey of multiestablishment companies. In an effort to reduce both the costs of the censuses and the reporting burden on small businesses, single-establishment employers with payrolls below specified values, which varied by industry, were excused from filing 1987 censuses reports. (The quarterly payroll data reported on IRS form 941 was used to determine whether a firm was to receive a report form.) Instead, data on employment, payrolls, and sales were obtained from Federal payroll and income tax returns filed with the IRS. For minerals, construction, and manufacturing industries, other data items normally collected on the individual establishment reports were estimated either from industry averages or from sample data collected from other small companies. Based on the IRS data and any estimated items, a substitute census establishment report was generated for each ``nonmail'' single-establishment employer company. This procedure relieved the censuses reporting burden for many small business employers. Nonemployer firms--The mailing list of employer firms does not include all single-establishment firms; excluded are firms with no paid employees2. Since these small businesses (usually operated by sole proprietors or working partners and their unpaid family members) are not subject to payroll taxes, they were not included in either the IRS file of business firms or the SSA file of industry classifications used to prepare the single-establishment mailing list. Because of the statistical significance of these small businesses in the construction, retail trade, and selected service industries, special arrange- ments were made with the IRS to obtain business receipts, industrial classifications, and geographic locations of these firms from their Federal income tax returns. In retail trade and selected service industries, only the returns reporting annual receipts of $1,000 or more were tabulated. The construction industries did not employ any such cutoffs. Company Data In presenting data on company-establishment relationships in this report, two distinct types of statistics are shown: company data and establishment data. Company data refer to consolidated company-wide statistics which may represent either statistical aggregates of reported establishment data, or net, unduplicated totals reported by companies only at the enterprise level, as explained below. Establishment data in this report refer to statistical aggregates compiled from the individual establishment reports collected in the economic censuses. Each multiestablishment company that had 500 employees or more was mailed form ES-9100, Enterprise Summary Report, to obtain unduplicated, consolidated company totals of selected statistics. As in the 1982 Enterprise Statistics program, there was complete coverage for those multiestablishment economic companies with 500 employees or more. The company totals collected on form ES-9100 represent consolidated domestic totals for the parent company and all of its subsidiaries as of the end of 1987. The data reported on merged or acquired companies varied because of differing accounting practices. When an acquisition or merger was treated by the company as a ``pooling of interest,'' the data reflected the combined full-year activities of both acquiring and acquired companies regardless of the date of acquisition. In these cases, the company data corresponded with the establishment data, since the establishment reports represented full-year activities, all of which were tabulated as part of the new parent company. However, when an acquisition or merger was treated by the acquiring company as a purchase, the company data normally reflected the operations of the acquired company only after the acquisition took place. Since the acquired company's establishment reports, representing a full year's activities, were credited to the acquiring company in the tabulations, the summary data supplied by the acquiring company on form ES-9100 had to be restated to provide comparable company and establishment totals. The restatement was based on information obtained either from the new parent company or from the ES-9100 filed by the acquired company. The company data in this report are primarily of the ``pooling of interest'' sort; the exact extent of the ``purchase'' accounting method is not known. ASSIGNING INDUSTRY CODES Establishments Each establishment covered in the 1987 Economic Censuses was assigned an industry or kind-of-business code according to the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual issued by the Office of Management and Budget, Executive Office of the President. Codes were chosen on the basis of the principal products made, lines of merchandise sold, type of construction activity performed, or services rendered by the establishment, as measured by the reported dollar volume of shipments, sales, or receipts during the census year. In some instances, the code was based on the principal materials or processes used. (For a comprehensive description of the Bureau's establishment classification procedures, see the introductory texts and appendixes of the various publications of the 1987 Economic Censuses.) Companies Each company covered in the 1987 Economic Censuses was classified in one of 146 enterprise industry categories (see file\ES87\EIC.dbf). The two-digit SIC codes of companies shown in this publication are an aggregation of the detailed enterprise industry category codes. Single-industry companies--For single-establishment and multiestablishment single-industry companies, the industry category classification was simply the enterprise category that was the equivalent of the single census industry (four-digit SIC code) in which the company's one or more establishments were primarily engaged. Multi-industry companies--For the remaining multiestablishment, multi- industry companies, the enterprise industry classification was determined by first ascertaining the largest census industry division (manufacturing, wholesale trade, etc.) of each company; then, the primary enterprise industry category was selected from within that division. The determination of the largest census industry division and the primary enterprise industry category was made from establishment annual payroll data. Establishment payroll data were chosen to be the determining factor for enterprise industry classification of multiestablishment, multi-industry companies because they were found to be the most meaningful economic measure common to all economic and agriculture censuses divisions. There are only three data items common to all economic and agriculture censuses establish- ment reports. They are: employment, annual payroll, and dollar volume of business. The employment data item covers different time periods for different industries and is affected by seasonality. Sales and receipts may not accurately reflect the relative economic impact of companies in different industries. For example, sales and receipts of a wholesale broker represent gross sales made rather than commissions received and might be greater than that of a hotel--yet a hotel's sales and receipts would have more of an impact. Annual payroll, then, has been determined to be the best economic measure, i.e., the item represents a full calendar year and is a good indicator of relative economic impact. Integrated petroleum extraction and refining companies--Because of the widespread practice of the larger petroleum extraction and refining companies in vertically integrating their activities, Industry Category 29A, Petroleum Refining (including integrated), was defined to include census (SIC) industries which cut across industry division lines. A company was classified in category 29A if it: (1) operated establishments both in SIC industry 1311, Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas, and in Industry 2911, Petroleum Refining, and; (2) was primarily engaged in both industries, as reflected by its payroll. A company engaged in both industries 1311 and 2911, but primarily engaged in another industry category, was classified in that other category. Nonintegrated petroleum companies primarily engaged in extracting or refining activities (industry 1311 or industry 2911, but not both), were classified in either the mineral industry category 13A or the manufacturing industry category 29A, using the standard classification procedure for coding multi- industry companies. OUT-OF-SCOPE ACTIVITIES To present meaningful company data encompassing all economic activities, data on out-of-scope activities have been included in this publication if a majority of the owning company's payroll was classified as primarily within the scope of the 1987 censuses. On the other hand, if the firm was primarily engaged in activities outside the scope of the 1987 censuses, based on payroll, the data for its predominantly out-of-scope activities were excluded while the data for its in-census-scope establishments were included1. For example, in handling companies primarily engaged in public utilities activities, data on their primary activities were excluded, while data on their retail appliance stores were included. COMPARABILITY OF DATA3 The 1987 and 1982 censuses were conducted under similar conditions and procedures. However, strict comparability of the data for the two censuses is limited by the following factors: Scope--In 1982, the agriculture census was conducted as part of the economic census, and agricultural production of crops and livestock was added to the scope of the Enterprise Statistics Program. In the 1987 program, agricul- tural industries are no longer part of the census program. The scope of the 1987 enterprise program was enlarged by including companies/establishments who report Federal income tax and are classified in the following industries: Trucking and Courier Service, Water Transportation, and Transportation Services, as well as Hospitals. (Health services except hospitals were included in 1982.) The census of service industries also covered these industries and, in addition, included (in separate tables) establishments not subject to Federal income tax in the above industries plus museums, art galleries, and botanical and zoological gardens; membership sports and recreation clubs; fairs; and selected membership organizations. These tax- exempt establishments were not included in scope of the 1987 enterprise program. Classifications--In 1982, classifications for company data were based on the 1974 Enterprise Standard Industrial Classification (ESIC) manual and its 1977 supplement. ESIC codes were derived by adapting the four digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system to relate more meaningfully to consolidated company structure. For 1987 classifications, the Standard Industrial Classification system was revised. The Enterprise Industrial Categories (EIC) were subsequently revised to conform with the new SIC structure. The SIC structure was further changed as some industry categories were merged to better reflect current industrial trends. These changes limit the comparability of data between the 1982 and 1987 censuses. The kinds of businesses undergoing the most major changes are within the manufacturing categories. In 1987 there are a total of 180 enterprise industry categories as compared to 214 categories in 1982. Appendix C in the printed report compares 1987 Enterprise Industry Categories with 1987 Standard Industrial classifications. Table 12 of this report displays historical data for the previous three economic censuses with 1987 data. All data are displayed based on 1974 two-digit ESIC codes. History--Historical comparability of data in each enterprise industry category is also affected by the large diversified companies which significantly changed their industrial activities ``mix'' between 1982 and 1987 through internal company growth or merger, acquisition, or disposal of subsidiaries with resulting shifts in their industry category classifications. Such classification ``transfers'' of company aggregates (e.g., tabulated in industry category ``A'' in 1982, but in industry category ``B'' in 1987) may constitute a significant part of the observed net historical changes in the company totals of some industry categories shown in this report. COMPARABILITY WITH OTHER PUBLICATIONS Other Economic Census Publications Since both the concepts and the coverage of the economic censuses were generally applicable to these tabulations, the comparable totals appearing in this report and the various 1987 Economic Censuses publications are virtually the same. It is important to note that establishment figures in this publication are based on the company classification of their owning firms, and are not directly comparable with any of the regular economic censuses totals, which were tabulated only on an establishment classification basis. Establishment counts--The establishment counts appearing in this report differ significantly in some industries when compared with the establishment counts shown in the various economic censuses volumes. The number of establishments shown in this report for wholesale, retail, and selected service industry categories were greater than their counterparts appearing in the censuses of distributive trades and service industries publications. This difference was primarily due to the censuses of distributive trades and service industries practice of excluding the counts of those establishments not in business at the end of the census year (but including their data on employment, payroll, etc.). However, such part-year- business establishments were counted in the enterprise statistics tabulations to maintain consistency across all other divisions. Also, treatment of nonemployer firms will differ in construction, retail, and service. For this report, nonemployer firms were not included in the tables4. Data totals--It was necessary to bring together, from each of the 1987 Economic Censuses, the computer records for all establishments under common ownership or control. Both single-establishment and assembled multiestablishment companies underwent various data edits and consistency checks. Specifically for multiestablishment companies, various editing checks were routinely made to verify the internal consistency of each company's establishment records when aggregated to company data totals. Checks of the establishment data were also made against the totals available from the ES-9100. Significant errors in the establishment or company data records revealed by these edits also were corrected. Whenever possible, the correction of such errors uncovered during the company edit of establishment records was also carried to the regular economic censuses tables. In many instances, however, the company edit operation came after the census industry totals had been published. Conversely, many of the corrections made during the review of the final censuses publication tables were made too late to be reflected in establishment computer records used as the basic source for this report. Although the more significant revisions were incorporated into the final computer tapes as late corrections, many of the smaller ones were not. ---------- 1. Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 1987. For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. 2. The ``Company Summary'' report has been expanded to include an ``All Firms'' tabulation. This table includes most non-employers and many industries not covered in other tables of the report. See footnotes at the end of table 1. ``United States--Company Statistics'' for further explanation. 3. The ``Company Summary'' report has been expanded to include an ``All Firms'' tabulation. This table includes most non-employers and many industries not covered in other tables of the report. See footnotes at the end of table 1. ``United States--Company Statistics'' for further explanation. 4. The ``Company Summary'' report has been expanded to include an ``All Firms'' tabulation. This table includes most non-employers and many industries not covered in other tables of the report. See footnotes at the end of table 1. ``United States--Company Statistics'' for further explanation. ENTERPRISE STATISTICS, COMPANY SUMMARY, 1987 Glossary CONTENTS Annual Payroll XXIV-9 Auxiliaries XXIV-9 Company XXIV-9 Employment XXIV-9 Enterprise XXIV-10 Enterprise Industry Category XXIV-10 Establishments XXIV-10 Firm XXIV-10 Industry Specialization Ratio XXIV-10 Large Company XXIV-10 Legal Form of Organization XXIV-10 Manufacturers' Sales Branches and Sales Offices XXIV-11 Sales and Receipts XXIV-11 Type of Organization XXIV-12 Annual payroll--Payroll includes all forms of compensation such as salaries, wages, commissions, bonuses, vacation allowances, sick-leave pay, and the value of payments in kind (e.g., free meals and lodgings) paid during the year to all employees. Tips and gratuities received by employees from patrons and reported to employers are included. For corporations, it includes amounts paid to officers and executives; for unincorporated businesses, it does not include profit or other compensation of proprietors or partners. Payroll is reported before deductions for social security, income tax, insurance, union dues, etc. This definition of payroll is the same as that used by the IRS on form 941. Auxiliaries--Auxiliaries are defined as establishments whose employees are primarily engaged in general and business administration; management; research, development, and testing; warehousing; electronic data processing; and other supporting services performed centrally for other establishments of the same company rather than for other companies or the general public. Each auxiliary reported in the economic censuses was assigned a code based on the standard industrial classification (SIC) of the establishments within the company for which the auxiliary performed its supporting services. These "industry-serviced" codes reflect SIC major group (two-digit) or industry group (three-digit) rather than individual industry (four-digit) classifica- tions, because the auxiliaries of the larger and more industrially diversified companies (which accounted for the bulk of auxiliary activities) typically served establishments classified in more than one industry group or industry. Company--A company is a business consisting of one domestic establishment or more that the reporting firm specified under its ownership or control at the end of 1987. If a company owned or controlled other companies, all establishments of the subsidiaries are included as part of the owning or controlling company. In this report, the terms company, firm, and enterprise are used interchangeably. To emphasize the extent of industrial diversification in the data shown, companies that operate establishments in only one of the 146 enterprise industry categories are distinguished from those that operate establishments in two or more industry categories or are engaged in at least one activity out-of-scope of the censuses: i.e., single-industry companies are distinguished from multi-industry companies. In making the "single-industry" versus "multi-industry" determination for a multiestablishment company, its auxiliaries and its sales branches are not included in making the type-of- company classification. While all multi-industry companies must necessarily be multiestablishment, single-industry companies may be either single-establishment or multiestablishment. Single-industry firms are classified in the enterprise category that is the equivalent of the single census industry (four-digit SIC codes) in which the company's one or more establishments are primarily engaged. Employment--Employment in the economic census is defined as all employees, full-time and part-time, as reported on establishment payrolls during specified pay periods during 1982. Persons on paid sick leave, paid holidays, and paid vacations are included as employees, as are salaried officers and executives of corporations. However, proprietors and partners of unincorporated businesses are not considered employees. The derivation of the 1987 employment figures varied somewhat among the different economic censuses. For establishments in the mineral, manufacturing, and construction industries, employment represents an annual average of the number of "production workers" on the payroll for any part of the pay periods including the 12th of March, May, August, and November, plus the number of "all other employees" on the payroll during the March 12th pay period. All employment data except that for out-of-scope activities, are based on either data reported on individual establishment report forms or data from IRS form 941 for small employer firms not required to complete a census report. For out-of-scope activities, employment data are developed from the number of employees as of the March 12th pay period reported on the form NC- 9901, Report of Organization. Enterprise--For this report, an enterprise is the same as a "company." See "company" for a detailed definition. Enterprise industry category--An enterprise industry category is a group of four-digit SIC industries that were specifically designed to relate to enterprises rather than to establishments. It is an adaptation of the four- digit SIC classification system to provide an industrial classification system that is meaningful in expressing consolidated company aggregates of the establishment data collected in the economic censuses. For this purpose, various economic and statistical criteria were developed that are considered to be the most relevant in describing the economic characteristics of enterprises rather than establishments. These criteria, which are similar to those used in 1982, were as follows: 1. At least 50,000 employees in an industry or receipts of $2 billion or more. 2. An industry specialization ratio of at least 70 percent for nonmanu facturing and 60 percent for manufacturing. 3. Compatibility with the SIC systems for establishments and the enterprise SIC. 4. Compatibility with the 1982 Enterprise Statistics classifications system (where not incompatible with other criteria). Enterprise industry categories are grouped to form industry divisions representing major sectors of the economy--construction, manufacturing, retail trade, etc. Establishments--An establishment in the economic census is defined as a business or industrial unit at a single physical location which produces or distributes goods or performs services. One significant deviation in this establishment concept occurs in the construction industry. Relatively permanent offices that have the responsibility for performing management and other administrative functions for one or more construction projects or sites are classified as operating construction establishments. However, an establishment primarily engaged in general administrative, management, or support functions performed centrally for one or more construction establishments is considered an auxiliary. Firm--For this report, "firm" is the same as "company." See "company" for a detailed description. Industry specialization ratio--An industry specialization ratio shows the relationship between the establishments engaged in the primary activities of companies in an industry and the activities of all their operating establishments (both primary and secondary). The ratio excludes those establishments classified as sales branches or auxiliaries. It measures the extent to which companies classified in a given industry tend to mix their industrial activities. The lower the ratio, the less indus- trially specialized are the companies classified in the industry, or (inversely) the more industrially diversified they are. Large company--A large company is defined as having 500 employees or more. The qualifier of 500 employees is more for practical considerations inherent in the records used to prepare this report, rather than for economic or statistical considerations. The qualifier was chosen because enough large companies exist in most categories to permit publishing considerable data without disclosing the activities of individual companies. Legal form of organization--Legal form of organization is the method used to distinguish each company as an individual proprietorship, partnership, corporation, or other business entity. Each company covered in the 1987 and previous economic censuses was classified into specific legal forms of organization. Individual proprietorships--Unincorporated companies owned by one person. Partnerships--Unincorporated companies owned by two or more persons having financial interest in the business (joint ventures, except corporations, are included as partnerships). Corporations--Companies legally incorporated under State laws including nontax-exempt cooperatives. Other legal forms--Included in this group are cooperatives, estates, receiv- erships, government-owned liquor stores, etc. All agriculture cooperatives, including nontax-exempt cooperatives, are classified as "other legal forms." Manufacturers' sales branches and sales offices --Manufacturers' sales branches and sales offices are wholesale trade estab- lishments that primarily distribute products manufactured by the owning company. In the SIC manual, manufacturers' sales branches and sales offices are classified as wholesale trade operating establishments and are treated that way in the publications of the census of wholesale trade. Sales and receipts--Sales and receipts are defined as the receipts for goods produced or distributed or services provided. Excluded from sales are nonoperating receipts, returns on investments, and interest. Two type of sales and receipts figures were collected in the 1987 Economic Censuses and earlier economic censuses. The first type consists of gross sales and receipts reported by establishments, and included estimated values assigned to intra-company transfers of goods and services among establishments within the same company. The second type consists of net sales and receipts reported by companies (or estimates derived from census establishment data), excluding the values of intra-company transfers among their own establishments. a. Establishment sales and receipts--Establishment sales and receipts are represented by various measures to show the concept of gross dollar volume of activity by establishments covered in the economic censuses. Wholesale trade (including manufacturers' sales branches and sales offices) and retail trade collected data on the "dollar volume of business" for the cash or credit sales of merchandise. Construction industries collected data on "business receipts" to directly reflect the dollar amount of goods sold and work done. Service industries gathered data on "operating receipts" which showed the total of all receipts from customers, patrons, or clients for services rendered and merchandise sold during the year, whether or not payment was received that year. From manufacturing and mineral industries, similar data were collected on "value of shipments" which reflect the net selling values of products. Auxiliaries were asked to report sales to customers outside the company, but to exclude transactions with other establishments of the owning company or sales to customers or receipts for services already reported by other establishments of the owing company. All such data are included under the general term "sales and receipts" in this report. Because of duplication, the aggregates of these establishments' sales and receipts ordinarily exceed a firm's total net sales and receipts, which reflect only commercial transactions with outside customers. For more detailed descriptions of the specific sales and receipts measures used by the divisions covered, see the publications of the 1987 Economic Censuses. b. Company sales and receipts--Some establishments of a multies tablishment company transfer part or all of their products to other establishments of the company for further processing or distribution, rather than shipping them directly to outside customers. Since these intra-company shipments are assigned approximate commercial values (for the basic economic census purpose of measuring gross output by the industry classification of establishments), the gross cumulation of establishment figures usually overstates the actual net sales and receipts of a company, especially those of the larger multiestablishment companies. The overstatement is partially offset by the lack of sales and re ceipts for establishments out of the scope of the censuses. Sales and receipts data for out-of-scope activities are reported by large companies on form ES-9100, Enterprise Summary Report. Unduplicated net sales and receipts figures for large companies are obtained from form ES-9100. The net figures for small multiestablishment companies are derived by aggregating and comparing the equivalent figures for: (1) the operating estab lishments of the company (i.e., the value of shipments reported by minerals and manufacturing plants and sales and receipts reported by construction, wholesale, retail, selected service, and agricultural production establishments), and (2) the manufacturers' sales branches and the auxiliaries. The larger of the two totals is considered the correct one. Many manufacturing companies, who also operated their own sales branches or sales offices, excluded the "markup" between the plant and the sales branch or sales office from their value of shipments. For this reason, the sales and receipts reported by the sales branches are the tabulated sales and receipts figures for the company. For single-establishment companies, sales and receipts data are obtained from establishment report forms or administrative records. Type of organization--Type of organization refers to the number of establishments operated by a company. A single-establishment company is one with only one establishment engaged in economic activities; a multiestablishment company is one with two or more establishments engaged in such activities. If a company is engaged in two or more distinctly different lines of economic activity (wholesale or retail trade, manufacturing, construction, service, mining, etc.) at the same physical location, and separate records can be prepared for each activity, each activity would be classified as a separate establishment. ENTERPRISE STATISTICS, COMPANY SUMMARY, 1987 Abstract CONTENTS Citation XXIV-13 Type of File XXIV-13 Universe Description XXIV-13 Subject-Matter Description XXIV-13 Geographic Coverage XXIV-13 Technical Description XXIV-13 Reference Materials XXIV-14 Related Printed Reports XXIV-14 Related Machine-Readable Data Files XXIV-14 Availability XXIV-15 CITATION Enterprise Statistics Company Summary on CD-ROM, 1987 [machine-readable data file] / prepared by the Bureau of the Census. -Washington: The Bureau [producer and distributor], 1993. Type of file Summary statistics. Universe description The universe for all files except ES8701 is the 3,878,866 companies with payroll that are within the scope of the 1987 Economic Censuses, i.e., companies primarily engaged in mineral, construction, manufacturing, wholesale trade, retail trade, most service industries, and selected transportation industries. File ES8701 contains summary data for virtually the entire business universe, 15,622,695 companies. (Most of the companies not in the scope of the economic censuses are classified in the finance, insurance, and real estate industries or do not meet the employment criteria.) Subject-Matter Description These files present data on the industrial organization, size structure, and legal form of organization of all firms in the economic censuses and the establishments they control. Geographic Coverage Data are provided at the National level only, except for ES8711, which provides statistics by State. Technical Description: File structure: dBase III+ Data are structured into 7 files, one (ES8702) corresponding to the printed report's tables 2 to 6, 10 and 12, and the remaining 6 corresponding to the remaining six tables. Most of these files have dBase "NDX" index files and label files that can be linked to them. ES8701--Table 1: All Companies versus those covered in Enterprise Program 1. File sequence: By industry group by presence of paid employees 2. No indexes provided 3. Linkable label files: - EIC (sector and Enterprise Industrial Classification categories) ES8702--Tables 2 to 6, 10, 12: Company Statistics by Size, Legal Form, Year 1. File sequence: By table number by sector and... within table 2, by cumulative employment size; within table 3, by EIC (3-digit) by employment size; within table 4, by cumulative receipts size; within table 5, by EIC (3-digit) by receipts size; within table 6, by EIC (2-digit) by number of establishments owned or operated within table 10, by EIC (2-digit) by legal form of organization within table 12, by EIC (2-digit) by year (1987, 1982, 1977, 1972) 2. Available indexes: - ES8702TS: First record for each table and sector - ES8702TE: By table by EIC 3. Linkable label files: - EIC (sector and Enterprise Industrial Classification titles) - ES87MISC (category labels for table, employment size, receipts ' size, number of establishments, legal form of organization, and ' year) ES8707--Table 7: Concentration in the Largest Companies 1. File sequence: By sector and EIC (2-digit) by concentration (4 largest companies, 8 largest companies, 20 largest companies, 50 largest companies, and other companies) 2. No indexes provided 3. Linkable label files: - EIC (Enterprise Industrial Classification titles) - ES87MISC (concentration categories) ES8708--Table 8: Company Statistics by Classification of Owned Establishments 1. File sequence: By sector and EIC (3-digit) by classification status of owned establishments 2. Available indexes: - ES8708S: First record for each sector - ES8708EN: By EIC by sector by single- and multi-industry companies by classification of owned establishments 3. Linkable label files: - EIC (sector and Enterprise Industrial Classification titles) - ES87MISC (category labels for single-industry and multi-industry companies, and classification status of owned establishments) ES8709--Table 9: Distribution of Sales by Industry Division 1. File sequence: By sector and EIC (2-digit) 2. No indexes provided ES8711--Table 11: Company Statistics for States 1. File sequence: By State by sector 2. No indexes provided ES8713--Table 13: Companies Operating One or More Auxiliary Establishments 1. File sequence: By sector and EIC (3-digit) 2. No indexes provided Reference Materials 1987 Economic Censuses CD-ROM 1E, Technical Documentation. This documentation has general information, glossaries, record layouts for all files, and other reference material. One copy accompanies each CD-ROM order. Additional copies are available for $10 from Customer Services, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233. Guide to the 1987 Economic Censuses and Related Statistics. Describes the scope, coverage, classification systems, data items, and data products for each of the economic censuses and related surveys. Data comparability and uses are also discussed. Single copies are free from Customer Services, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233. Related Printed Reports 1987 Enterprise Statistics, Company Summary. Presents the same statistics as shown in these files. Related Machine-Readable Data Files Census of Retail Trade, Establishment and Firm Size (RC87S1) Census of Wholesale Trade, Establishment and Firm Size (WC87S1) Census of Service Industries, Establishment and Firm Size (SC87S1) Census of Manufactures, Industry Series (MC87I4) Census of Construction, Area and Industry Series (CC8704) These files also present statistics by employment size and receipts size of establishment. While the concepts are the same, it is important to note that establishment figures in the Enterprise Statistics series are based on the company classification of their owning firms, and are not directly comparable with any of the regular economic censuses totals which were tabulated only on an establishment classification basis. The number of establishments shown in Enterprise Statistics for wholesale, retail and selected service industry categories were greater than their counterparts appearing in the regular census files. This difference was primarily due to the censuses of retail and wholesale trades and service industries practice of excluding the counts of those establishments not in business at the end of the census year (but including their data on employment, payroll, etc.) However, such part-year-business establishments were counted in enterprise statistics tabulations to maintain consistency across all other divisions. (The related files are available on Economic Censuses CD-ROMs 1D and 1E). Availability These files are included on Economic Census CD-ROM 1E (price $150). ENTERPRISE STATISTICS, COMPANY SUMMARY, 1987 File Specifications CONTENTS General Data Specifications XXIV-17 File Layout XXIV-17 GENERAL DATA SPECIFICATIONS Data Fields. All files are recorded in dBase III+ format. Numeric data fields contain no alphabetic information. Payroll and sales and receipts figures are shown in tenths of millions of dollars (i.e., hundreds of thousands), with one explicit decimal point, and this is noted only in the file layouts. Any data field which is subject to any special conditions (e.g., suppression to avoid disclosure, not applicable) is preceded by an information flag field which contains explanatory codes. Record Sequence and Coding. Records generally contain all applicable codes necessary for unique identification of each record. Enterprise Industrial Classification and Other Titles. Records in the files are specific to a particular sector or industry classification, as identified by the sector and EIC code. Titles for each EIC are shown in the file EIC on the CD-ROM as well as in each data file. Labels for employment size, receipts size, number of establishments in company, etc., are also contained in the file ES87MISC on the CD-ROM. Titles for each of these labelled variables may be linked to data files using the dBase SET RELATION command, although only one relation can be defined at one time. EXTRACT's "Add Labels" function serves the same purpose. Index Files. Two of these data files have index files that may be used to jump quickly to desired records (e.g., using the dBase FIND command) or to change the sequence of access. Available index files are listed in the abstract. Where noted in the abstract that an index is to the "first record for" a particular type of record, the index can be used during dBase FINDs, but the index must be shut off with SET INDEX TO in order to get access to records other than the first for table or sector. FILE LAYOUT Most data items have an associated "flag" to describe suppression that may be used. Flag 0 indicates normal data. Flag 1 indicates (D). Flag 5 identifies data fields not applicable to the current record. Data fields associated with flags 1 and 5 contain zeroes. ENTERPRISE STATISTICS Covered vs. All Companies File ES8701 Layout ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Field Field Name Type Size Decimal Field Description ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- SECTOR C 1 0 Sector code EIC C 4 0 Enterprise Industry Classification code EMPSTAT C 1 0 Employer/nonemployer status (0=all,1=employer,2=nonemployer) TEXT C 40 0 Alphabetic description of industry COMPALLF N 1 0 Flag for COMPALL COMPALL N 8 0 Number of companies in all industries ESTABALF N 1 0 Flag for ESTABAL ESTABAL N 8 0 Number of establishments owned by companies in all industries EMPLALLF N 1 0 Flag for EMPLALL EMPLALL N 8 0 Employees of companies in all industries PAYRALLF N 1 0 Flag for PAYRALL PAYRALL N 9 1 Annual payroll ($ million) of companies in all industries COMPANYF N 1 0 Flag for COMPANY COMPANY N 7 0 Number of companies covered by the enterprise program ESTABF N 1 0 Flag for ESTAB ESTAB N 7 0 Number of owned establishments covered by enterprise program EMPLOYEF N 1 0 Flag for EMPLOYE EMPLOYE N 8 0 Employees of companies covered by the enterprise program PAYROLLF N 1 0 Flag for PAYROLL PAYROLL N 9 1 Annual payroll ($ million) of companies covered by enterprise program Record size: 119 ENTERPRISE STATISTICS Tables 2 to 6, 10, 12 File ES8702 Layout ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Field Field Name Type Size Decimal Field Description ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- TABLE C 2 0 Table number 02 Cumulative Employment Size 03 Employment Size 04 Cumulative Receipts Size 05 Receipts Size 06 Number of Estab's Owned or Operated 10 Legal Form of Organization 12 Historical Statistics SECTOR C 1 0 Sector code EIC C 4 0 Enterprise Industry Classification code EMPLSIZE C 2 0 Employment size of company (tables 2 & 3 only) --in table 2-- Cumulative in ascending order-- 21 Less than 5 employees 22 Less than 10 employees 23 Less than 20 employees 24 Less than 50 employees 25 Less than 100 employees 26 Less than 250 employees 27 Less than 500 employees 28 Less than 1,000 employees 29 Less than 2,500 employees 30 Less than 5,000 employees 31 Less than 10,000 employees 32 All companies Cumulative in descending order-- 41 10,000 or more employees 42 5,000 or more employees 43 2,500 or more employees 44 1,000 or more employees 45 500 or more employees 46 250 or more employees 47 100 or more employees 48 50 or more employees 49 20 or more employees 50 10 or more employees 51 5 or more employees 52 All companies --in table 3-- 00 All companies 01 No employees (see note 1) 02 1 to 4 employees 03 5 to 9 employees 04 10 to 19 employees 05 20 to 49 employees 06 50 to 99 employees 07 100 to 249 employees 08 250 to 499 employees 10 500 to 999 employees 11 1,000 to 2,499 employees 12 2,500 to 4,999 employees 13 5,000 to 9,999 employees 14 10,000 or more employees RCPTSIZE C 2 0 Receipts size of company (tables 4 and 5 only) --in table 4-- Cumulative in ascending order 21 Less than $100,000 sales/receipts 22 Less than $500,000 sales/receipts 23 Less than $1,000,000 sales/receipts 24 Less than $2,500,000 sales/receipts 25 Less than $5,000,000 sales/receipts 26 Less than $10,000,000 sales/receipts 27 Less than $25,000,000 sales/receipts 28 Less than $50,000,000 sales/receipts 29 Less than $100,000,000 sales/receipts 30 Less than $250,000,000 sales/receipts 31 Less than $500,000,000 sales/receipts 32 Less than $1,000,000,000 sales/receipts 33 Less than $2,500,000,000 sales/receipts 34 All companies Cumulative in descending order-- 41 $2,500,000,000 or more sales/receipts 42 $1,000,000,000 or more sales/receipts 43 $500,000,000 or more sales/receipts 44 $250,000,000 or more sales/receipts 45 $100,000,000 or more sales/receipts 46 $50,000,000 or more sales/receipts 47 $25,000,000 or more sales/receipts 48 $10,000,000 or more sales/receipts 49 $5,000,000 or more sales/receipts 50 $2,500,000 or more sales/receipts 51 $1,000,000 or more sales/receipts 52 $500,000 or more sales/receipts 53 $100,000 or more sales/receipts 54 All companies --in table 5-- 00 All companies 01 Less than $100,000 sales/receipts 02 $100,000 to $499,999 sales/receipts 03 $500,000 to $999,999 sales/receipts 04 $1,000,000 to $2,499,999 sales/receipts 05 $2,500,000 to $4,999,999 sales/receipts 06 $5,000,000 to $9,999,999 sales/receipts 07 $10,000,000 to $24,999,999 sales/receipts 08 $25,000,000 to $49,999,999 sales/receipts 09 $50,000,000 to $99,999,999 sales/receipts 10 $100,000,000 to $249,999,999 sales/receipts 11 $250,000,000 to $499,999,999 sales/receipts 12 $500,000,000 to $999,999,999 sales/receipts 13 $1,000,000,000 to $2,499,999,999 sales/receipts 14 $2,500,000,000 or more sales/receipts NESTAB C 1 0 Number of establishments owned or operated (table 6 only) 0 All companies 1 Single-establishment companies 2 Multiestablishment companies 3 Multiestab. companies with 2 estab's 4 Multiestab. companies with 3 or 4 estabs 5 Multiestab. companies with 5 to 9 estabs 6 Multiestab. companies with 10 to 24 estabs 7 Multiestab. companies with 25 to 49 estabs 8 Multiestab. companies with 50 to 99 estabs 9 Multiestab. companies with 100 or more estabs LEGAL C 1 0 Legal form of organization (table 10 only) 0 All companies 1 Corporations 2 Individual proprietorships 3 Partnerships 4 Other YR C 2 0 Year (87, 82, 77, 72) (table 12 only) TEXT C 40 0 Alphabetic description of industry COMPANYF N 1 0 Flag for COMPANY COMPANY N 7 0 Number of companies ESTABF N 1 0 Flag for ESTAB ESTAB N 7 0 Number of owned establishments EMPLOYEF N 1 0 Flag for EMPLOYE EMPLOYE N 8 0 Number of employees PAYROLLF N 1 0 Flag for PAYROLL PAYROLL N 9 1 Annual payroll ($ million) RCPTSF N 1 0 Flag for RCPTS RCPTS N 9 1 Sales and receipts ($ million) Record size 101 ENTERPRISE STATISTICS Concentration of Companies File ES8707 Layout ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Field Field Name Type Size Decimal Field Description ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- SECTOR C 1 0 Sector code EIC C 4 0 Enterprise Industry Classification code CONCENTR C 1 0 Concentration code 0 All companies 1 4 largest companies 2 8 largest companies 3 20 largest companies 4 50 largest companies 5 Other companies TEXT C 40 0 Alphabetic description COMPANYF N 1 0 Flag for COMPANY COMPANY N 7 0 Number of companies ESTABF N 1 0 Flag for ESTAB ESTAB N 7 0 Number of owned establishments EMPLOYEF N 1 0 Flag for EMPLOYE EMPLOYE N 8 0 Number of employees PAYROLLF N 1 0 Flag for PAYROLL PAYROLL N 9 1 Annual payroll ($ million) RCPTSF N 1 0 Flag for RCPTS RCPTS N 9 1 Sales and receipts ($ million) SP0_24 N 4 0 Number of companies with specialization ratio 0 to 24 SP25_49 N 4 0 Number of companies with specialization ratio 25 to 49 SP50_74 N 5 0 Number of companies with specialization ratio 50 to 74 SP75_99 N 5 0 Number of companies with specialization ratio 75 to 99 SP100 N 7 0 Number of companies with specialization ratio 100 Record size: 117 ENTERPRISE STATISTICS Classification of Owned Establishments File ES8708 Layout ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Field Field Name Type Size Decimal Field Description ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- SECTOR C 1 0 Sector code EIC C 4 0 Enterprise Industry Classification code NINDUSTR C 1 0 Single-industry and multi-industry companies 0 All companies 1 Single-industry companies 2 Multi-industry companies CLASS C 1 0 Classification status of owned establishments 0 All companies 1 Establishments in same category 2 Establishments in other categories 3 Auxiliary establishments and sales branches TEXT C 40 0 Description COMPANYF N 1 0 Flag for COMPANY COMPANY N 7 0 Number of companies ESTABF N 1 0 Flag for ESTAB ESTAB N 7 0 Number of owned establishments EMPLOYEF N 1 0 Flag for EMPLOYE EMPLOYE N 8 0 Number of employees PAYROLLF N 1 0 Flag for PAYROLL PAYROLL N 9 1 Annual payroll ($ million) RCPTSF N 1 0 Flag for RCPTS RCPTS N 9 1 Sales and receipts ($ million) SPESTABF N 1 0 Flag for SPESTAB SPESTAB N 5 1 Industry specialization ratio: Establishments SPEMPLF N 1 0 Flag for SPEMPLF SPEMPL N 5 1 Industry specialization ratio: Employees SPPAYRF N 1 0 Flag for SPPAYR SPPAYR N 5 1 Industry specialization ratio: Annual payroll SPRCPTSF N 1 0 Flag for SPRCPTS SPRCPTS N 5 1 Industry specialization ratio: Sales and receipts Record size: 117 ENTERPRISE STATISTICS Company Sales by Industry of Estab File ES8709 Layouts ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Field Field Name Type Size Decimal Field Description ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- SECTOR C 1 0 Sector code EIC C 4 0 Enterprise Industry Classification code TEXT C 40 0 Alphabetic description of industry RCPTS N 9 1 Sales and receipts for companies RCPTSE N 9 1 Sales/receipts ($ million) for estab's owned by companies in EIC MINERALF N 1 0 Flag for MINERAL MINERAL N 8 1 Sales/receipts ($ million) for estab's in Mineral Industries CONSTRUF N 1 0 Flag for CONSTRU CONSTRU N 8 1 Sales/receipts ($ million) for estab's in Construction Industr. MANUFACF N 1 0 Flag for MANUFAC MANUFAC N 9 1 Sales/receipts ($ million) for estab's in Manufacturing TRANSPOF N 1 0 Flag for TRANSPO TRANSPO N 8 1 Sales/receipts ($ million) for estab's in selected Transp. Ind. WHOLESAF N 1 0 Flag for WHOLESA WHOLESA N 9 1 Sales/receipts ($ million) for estab's in Wholesale Trade RETAILF N 1 0 Flag for RETAIL RETAIL N 9 1 Sales/receipts ($ million) for estab's in Retail Trade SERVICEF N 1 0 Flag for SERVICE SERVICE N 9 1 Sales/receipts ($ million) for estab's in Service Industries AUXILIAF N 1 0 Flag for AUXILIA AUXILIA N 8 1 Sales/receipts ($ million) for auxil. estab's and sales branches Record size: 139 ENTERPRISE STATISTICS Company Statistics for States File ES8711 Layout ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Field Field Name Type Size Decimal Field Description ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ST C 2 0 FIPS State code SECTOR C 1 0 Sector code TEXT C 40 0 Alphabetic description of industry COMPIN N 7 0 Companies with 1+ establishments in State specified ESTABIN N 7 0 Owned establishments located in State specified (number) EMPLINF N 1 0 Flag for EMPLIN EMPLIN N 8 0 Employees in owned establishments located in State specified PAYRINF N 1 0 Flag for PAYRIN PAYRIN N 9 1 Annual payroll ($ million) in owned establishments in State RCPTSINF N 1 0 Flag for RCPTSIN RCPTSIN N 9 1 Sales and receipts ($ million) in owned establishments in State COMPOUT N 7 0 Companies with 1+ establishments located in other States ESTABOUT N 7 0 Owned establishments located in other States (number) EMPLOUTF N 1 0 Flag for EMPLOUT EMPLOUT N 8 0 Employees in owned establishments located in other States PAYROUTF N 1 0 Flag for PAYROUT PAYROUT N 9 1 Annual payroll ($ million) in owned estabs in other States RCPTOUTF N 1 0 Flag for RCPTOUT RCPTOUT N 9 1 Sales and receipts ($ million) in owned estabs in other States Record size: 130 ENTERPRISE STATISTICS Companies with Auxiliary Establishments File ES8713 Layout ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Field Field Name Type Size Decimal Field Description ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- SECTOR C 1 0 Sector code EIC C 4 0 Enterprise Industry Classification code TEXT C 40 0 Alphabetic description of industry COMPANYF N 1 0 Flag for COMPANY COMPANY N 7 0 Number of companies ESTABF N 1 0 Flag for ESTAB ESTAB N 7 0 Number of owned establishments EMPLOYEF N 1 0 Flag for EMPLOYE EMPLOYE N 8 0 Number of employees PAYROLLF N 1 0 Flag for PAYROLL PAYROLL N 9 1 Annual payroll ($ million) AUXEST N 5 0 Number of auxiliary establishments AUXEMPL N 7 0 Number of employees of auxiliary establishments AUXPAYR N 7 1 Annual payroll of auxiliary establishments ($ million) ADMIN N 5 0 Number of central administrative offices RESEARCH N 4 0 Number of research and development centers WAREHOUS N 4 0 Number of warehouses OTHERAUX N 4 0 Number of other auxiliary establishments Record size: 118 ENTERPRISE STATISTICS, COMPANY SUMMARY, 1987 User Notes This section will contain information relevant to the Enterprise Statistics, Company Summary, 1987 that indicates specific problems with the data, or that becomes available after the file is released. The cover letter to the updated information should be filed behind this page. User Notes will be sent to all users who (1) purchased their file (or technical documentation) from the Census Bureau and (2) returned the coupon following the CD-ROM File Information.