1CARTRIDG@j CHAPTER XXVIII Annual Survey of Manufactures Abstract.......................................XXVIII-3 Introduction...................................XXVIII-7 Glossary.......................................XXVIII-11 File Specifications............................XXVIII-15 Database Structures............................XXVIII-17 User Notes.....................................XXVIII-33 ANNUAL SURVEY OF MANUFACTURES Abstract CONTENTS Citation-------------------------------XXVIII-3 Type of File---------------------------XXVIII-3 Universe Description-------------------XXVIII-3 Subject-Matter Description-------------XXVIII-3 Geographic Coverage--------------------XXVIII-3 Technical Description------------------XXVIII-3 Reference Materials--------------------XXVIII-4 Related Printed Reports----------------XXVIII-5 Related Machine-Readable Data Files----XXVIII-5 Availability---------------------------XXVIII-5 CITATION Annual Survey of Manufactures on CD-ROM [machine-readable data file] / prepared by the Bureau of the Census. Washington: The Bureau [producer and distributor], 1993. TYPE OF FILE Summary statistics UNIVERSE DESCRIPTION The universe of these files is establishments with one or more paid employees primarily engaged in manufacturing. Manufacturing is defined as the mechanical or chemical transformation of substances or materials into new products. SUBJECT-MATTER DESCRIPTION These data are exactly the same as shown in the printed reports listed below. There are two types of files in the ASM: Industry statistics, or establishment-based statistics, are featured in most files, providing the number of establishments, number of employees, payroll, value of shipments, value added, capital expenditures, and other statistics for establishments. Data are classified by 2- , 3-, and 4-digit SIC at the national level, and by 2- and 3-digit levels in State summaries. Product statistics are featured in one file, ASMP__91. The value of product shipments is shown by 5-digit product class at the national level annually back to 1982, and also for 1977 and 1972. GEOGRAPHIC COVERAGES Each of the files beginning with ASMA include data for the U.S. and States. All other files provide national level data only. Data for sub-state areas are available only in the census of manufactures. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION File Structure: dBASE III+ Most files also have dBASE ``.NDX'' index files and one or more label files that can be linked to them (e.g., with SIC titles). Statistics for Industry Groups and Industries ASMI1A91 Historical Statistics for All Manufacturing Establishments (1991 to 1949) 1. File sequence: by year (year in descending order) (There is no SIC detail) 2. No indexes provided. 3. No label files needed. ASMI1B91 Operating and Auxiliary Establishments by 2-Digit SIC (1991 to 1972) 1. File sequence: by SIC by year (year in descending order) 2. Available index: a. ASMI1B91: By year by SIC 3. Linkable label files: a. MC87SIC (SIC titles) ASMI2_91 General statistics by SIC (2-, 3-, 4-digit) (1991 to 1988)(For prior year data, see MC87I1A.) 1. File sequence: by SIC by year (year in descending order) 2. Available indexes: a. ASMI2S91: First record for each SIC b. ASMI2Y91: By year by SIC 3. No label files required ASMI3_91 Supplemental Statistics by SIC (2-, 3-, 4-digit) (1991 to 1987) 1. File sequence: by SIC 2. Available indexes: a. ASMI3S91: First record for each SIC b. ASMI3Y91: By year by SIC 3. No label files required Value of Product Shipments ASMP__91 Value of Shipments for Product Classes (91 to 72) Note: Each record contains detail for each year 1991 to 1982 and for 1977 and 1972. 1. File sequence: by product class 2. Available index: a. ASMP__91: By product class 3. Linkable label file: a. ASMPF_91: Footnotes, indexed by product class code in ASMPF_91.ndx. The flag FOOTNOTE in ASMP__91indicated those record for which footnotes are present. ASMPF_91 Footnotes for ASM__91 Note: Records appear for only those product classes with footnotes. 1. File sequence: by product class 2. Available index: a. ASMPF_91: By product class 3. No linkable label files Geographic Area Statistics ASMA1_91 Statistics for All Establishments, Including Auxiliaries, by State, 1991 to 1972 1. File sequence: by State by year 2. Available indexes: a. ASMA1S91: First record for each State b. ASMA1Y91: By year by State 3. No label files required. ASMA2_91 General statistics by SIC (2-, 3-digit) by State, 1991 to 1987 1. File sequence: by year by State by SIC 2. Available indexes: a. ASMA2Y91: First record for each year b. ASMA2S91: By State by SIC by year c. ASMA2K91: By SIC by State 3. Linkable label files: a. MC87SIC (SIC titles) b. STCODE (State names) ASMA3_91 Supplemental Statistics by State, 1991 1. File sequence: by State 2. No indexes available 3. No label files required REFERENCE MATERIALS 1987 Economic Censuses CD-ROM 1E, Technical Documentation. This documentation has general information, glossaries, record layouts for all files, and other reference material. One copy accompanies each CD-ROM order. Additional copies are available for $10 from Customer Services, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233. Guide to the 1987 Economic Censuses and Related Statistics. Describes the scope, coverage, classification systems, data items, and data products for each of the economic censuses and related surveys. Data comparability and uses are also discussed. Single copies are free from Customer Services, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233. Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987. Prepared by the Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, and available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Price is $24. RELATED PRINTED REPORTS 1991 Annual Survey of Manufactures: M91(AS)-1 Statistics for Industry Groups and Industries M91(AS)-2 Value of Product Shipments M91(AS)-3 Geographic Area Statistics RELATED MACHINE-READABLE DATA FILES Census of Manufactures, 1987: Industry Series. Provides prior year data for some of these same statistics, more detailed product statistics, and data on materials consumed in manufacturing. (See chapter XIX.) Census of Manufactures, 1987: Geographic Area Series. Provides the same general statistics as in ASMA2_91 for metropolitan areas, counties, and places. (See chapter XVIII.) Manufacturing Analytical Report Series: Exports of Manufacturing Establishments, 1989. Includes estimates of the value of manufactured exports and export-related employment, both for directly exported goods and for the indirect requirements supporting manufactured exports. Data are shown at the 2- and 3-digit SIC level by State. (See chapter XXIX.) AVAILABILITY All of these files are included on Economic Census CD-ROM 1E (price $150). ANNUAL SURVEY OF MANUFACTURES Introduction CONTENTS General--------------------------------XXVIII-7 Scope and Use of Annual Survey---------XXVIII-7 Description of Survey Sample-----------XXVIII-7 Description of Estimating Procedure----XXVIII-8 Adjustments of Historical Data --------XXVIII-8 Qualifications of the Data-------------XXVIII-9 Description of Imputation Procedure---XXVIII-10 Product Classes-----------------------XXVIII-10 Abbreviations and Symbols-------------XXVIII-10 GENERAL This report contains estimates of the 1991 value of product shipments for approximately 1,750 classes of manufactured products. The 1991 product class estimates are based on reports from a representative sample of about 55,000 manufacturing establishments included in the 1991 Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM). Comparative data from the 1990, 1989, and 1988 ASM and the 1987 Census of Manufactures also are included. SCOPE AND USE OF ANNUAL SURVEY The 1991 ASM is the 35th survey of this type conducted by the Bureau of the Census to provide the key measures of manufacturing activity for industry groups and important industries for intercensal years. These key measures, as well as other detailed statistics for manufacturing, were collected in the censuses of manufactures; the three most recent censuses covered the years 1977, 1982, and 1987. An annual survey was conducted for each of the years between censuses starting with 1949. During intercensal periods, these annual surveys provide a continuous series of basic statistics for industries and furnish benchmarks for current business indicators and for measures of industrial production and productivity. The survey also provides significant data in connection with planning for industrial mobilization. DESCRIPTION OF SURVEY SAMPLE The statistics presented are estimates compiled for a survey which is composed of two components. The mail portion of the survey is a probability sample of about 55,000 manufacturing establishments selected from a total of about 200,000 establishments. These 200,000 establishments represent all manufacturing establishments of multiunit companies and all single-establishment manufacturing companies mailed schedules in the 1987 Census of Manufactures. This mail portion is supplemented annually by a Social Security Administration list of new single- establishment manufacturing companies opened after 1987 and a list of new manufacturing establishments of multiestablishment companies identified from the Census Bureau's Company Organization Survey. The 1989 through 1993 ASM sample is similar to the previous sample. For the current panel, all establishments of companies with 1987 shipments in manufacturing in excess of $500 million were included in the survey panel with certainty. There are approximately 575 such companies collectively accounting for approximately 18,000 establishments. For the remaining portion of the mail survey, the establishment was defined as the sampling unit. For this portion, all establishments with 250 employees or more and establishments with a large value of shipments also were included in the survey panel with certainty. A total of about 10,000 establishments was selected from this portion of the universe with certainty. Therefore, of the 55,000 manufacturing establishments included in the ASM panel, approximately 28,000 were selected with certainty. These certainty establishments collectively accounted for approximately 80 percent of the total value of shipments in the 1987 census. Smaller establishments in the remaining portion of the mail survey were sampled with probabilities ranging from 0.999 to 0.005 in accordance with mathematical theory for optimum allocation of a sample. The probabilities of selection assigned to the smaller establishments were proportional to measures of size determined for each establishment. The measures of size depend directly upon each establishment's 1987 product class values and the historic variability of the year-to-year shipments of each product class. Product classes displaying more volatile year-to-year change in shipments at the establishment level were sampled at a heavier rate. This method of assigning measures of size was used to maximize the precision (that is, minimize the variance of estimates of the year-to-year change) in the value of product class shipments. Implicitly, it also gave weight to differences in employment, value added, and other general statistics, since these are highly correlated with value of shipments. Individual sample selection probabilities were obtained by multiplying each establishment's final measure of size by an overall sampling fraction coefficient calculated to yield a total expected sample size. The sample selection procedure also gave each establishment in the sampling frame an independent chance of selection. This method of independent selection permits the rotation of small establishments out of a given sample panel without introducing a bias into the survey estimates. The nonmail portion of the survey includes all single- establishment companies that were tabulated as administrative records in the 1987 Census of Manufactures and all single-establishment company births in 1988 through 1991 below a payroll cutoff that varied by four-digit SIC. These cutoffs were derived from the nonmail payroll cutoffs used for the 1987 Census of Manufactures by adjusting them for inflation. This portion was not sampled; rather, the data for every establishment in this group were estimated based on selected information obtained annually from the administrative records of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and the Social Security Administration (SSA). This administrative-record information, which includes payroll, total employment, industry classification, and physical location of the establishment, was obtained under conditions which safeguard the confidentiality of both tax and census records. Estimates of data other than payroll and employment for these small establishments were developed from industry averages. Although this portion contained approximately 160,000 establishments, it accounted for less than 2 percent of the estimate for total value of shipments at the total manufacturing level. The corresponding estimates for the mail and nonmail establishments were added, along with the base-year differences, as defined in the Description of Estimating Procedure section, to produce the figures shown in this publication. DESCRIPTION OF ESTIMATING PROCEDURE Most of the ASM estimates for 1991 were computed using a difference estimation procedure. For each item, the difference between the 1987 census published number for an item total and the linear estimate of the totals from the ASM sample was generated. These base-year differences were then added to the corresponding current-year linear estimates, which include the estimates for the mail and nonmail establishments, to produce the current-year estimates shown in this publication. Estimates developed by this procedure usually are more reliable than comparable linear estimates developed from the current sample data alone. ADJUSTMENTS OF HISTORICAL DATA During census years, the data tabulated for the ASM panel have typically been low in comparison to the census data. For 1982 and 1977, the ASM level was 2.0 to 2.5 percent low in terms of value of shipments. For 1987, the ASM level was about 3.5 percent low compared to the census. New single- establishment companies that are not completely classified after IRS and SSA coding and the timing of the inclusion of new plants and acquisitions of multi-establishment companies to the frame contribute to the low ASM estimate for 1987. Procedures were developed for the 1988 ASM to correct the timing of including new plants of multi-establishment companies. However, the identification of new single- establishment companies remains a problem. Not only was the 1987 ASM low, but also the published ASM estimates between the census years of 1982 and 1987 appear to be low. Recently, the Census Bureau staff benchmarked shipments and inventories data from the Manufactures Shipments, Inventories, and Orders survey to the 1987 Census of Manufactures and the 1988 ASM. The benchmarking procedure provides an approximation of the understatement at the total manufacturing level. Similar estimates at the detailed four-digit industry, five-digit product class, or geographic area level are not available. The chart below shows the ASM inventories and shipments data at the total manufacturing level with the comparable adjustments determined through the benchmarking process: Year End-of-year inventories Value of shipments (million dollars) (million dollars) ________________________________ Published Adjusted Published Adjusted 1988 361 472 361 477 2 682 509 2 682 492 1987 332 376 332 619 2 474 646 2 475 906 1986 311 124 317 567 2 260 317 2 335 881 1985 332 370 329 555 2 280 188 2 334 456 1984 329 593 334 236 2 254 430 2 288 184 1983 308 002 307 675 2 054 899 2 070 564 1982 307 212 307 212 1 960 200 1 960 214 QUALIFICATIONS OF THE DATA The estimates developed from the sample are apt to differ somewhat from the results of a survey covering all companies in the sample lists but otherwise conducted under essentially the same conditions as the actual sample survey. The estimates of the magnitude of the sampling errors (the difference between the estimates obtained and the results theoretically obtained from a comparable, complete-coverage survey) are provided by the standard errors of estimates. The particular sample selected for the ASM is one of many similar probability samples that, by chance, might have been selected under the same specifications. Each of the possible samples would yield somewhat different sets of results, and the standard errors are measures of the variation of all the possible sample estimates around the theoretical, comparable, complete-coverage values. Estimates of the standard errors have been computed from the sample data for selected statistics in this report. They are represented in the form of relative standard errors (the standard errors divided by the estimated values to which they refer). In conjunction with its associated estimate, the relative standard error may be used to define confidence intervals (ranges that would include the comparable, complete-coverage value for specified percentages of all the possible samples). The complete coverage value would be included in the range: 1. From one standard error below to one standard error above the derived estimate for about two-thirds of all possible samples. 2. From two standard errors below to two standard errors above the derived estimate for about 19 out of 20 of all possible samples. 3. From three standard errors below to three standard errors above the derived estimate for nearly all samples. An inference that the comparable, complete-survey result would be within the indicated ranges would be correct in approximately the relative frequencies shown. Those proportions, therefore, may be interpreted as defining the confidence that the estimates from a particular sample would differ from complete-coverage results by as much as one, two, or three standard errors, respectively. For example, suppose an estimated total is shown at 50,000 with an associated relative standard error of 2 percent, that is, a standard error of 1,000 (2 percent of 50,000). There is approximately 67 percent confidence that the interval 49,000 to 51,000 includes the complete- coverage total, about 95 percent confidence that the interval 48,000 to 52,000 includes the complete-coverage total, and almost certain confidence that the interval 47,000 to 53,000 includes the complete-coverage total. In addition to the sample errors, the estimates are subject to various response and operational errors: errors of collection, reporting, coding, transcription, imputation for nonresponse, etc. These operational errors also would occur if a complete canvass were to be conducted under the same conditions as the survey. Explicit measures of their effects generally are not available. However, it is believed that most of the important operational errors were detected and corrected during the Census Bureau's review of the data for reasonableness and consistency. The small operational errors usually remain. To some extent, they are compensating in the aggregated totals shown. When important operational errors were detected too late to correct the estimates, the data were suppressed or were specifically qualified in the tables. As derived, the estimated standard errors included part of the effect of the operational errors. The total errors, which depend upon the joint effect of the sampling and operational errors, are usually of the order of size indicated by the standard error, or moderately higher. However, for particular estimates, the total error may considerably exceed the standard errors shown. Any figures shown in the tables in this publication having an associated standard error exceeding 15 percent may be combined with higher level totals, creating a broader aggregate, which then may be of acceptable reliability. DESCRIPTION OF IMPUTATION PROCEDURE The need for imputation in the ASM arises from several sources. Complete nonresponse, partial nonresponse, inconsistent reported data, and the Bureau's desire to reduce the reporting burden for small manufacturers are the primary factors contributing to the need for imputation. For purposes of the ASM, an item is considered to be an impute if the value was not directly reported on the questionnaire, directly derived from other reported items, directly available from supplemental sources, or obtained from the respondent during the analytical review phase. In imputing records for nonrespondents, two basic approaches are followed. For most larger establishments, operational information is available from the prior-year ASM. Imputation for 1991 data for establishments with 1990 data available involves adjusting the corresponding 1990 data by estimates of the year-to-year relative change. These estimates are developed based on employment and payroll data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics at the industry group (three-digit SIC) level and are then applied to the 1990 prior-year establishment values for employment and payroll. The remaining data for the establishment are developed based on their prior-year relationship to these two control items. For nonrespondents that have no prior- year record available including establishments not included in the mail portion of the survey, administrative-record data for annual payroll and employment are used. For all other items, industry average relationships between these control items and the item to be imputed are used. At the total manufacturing level, the overall imputation rate is approximately 7 percent of the published value of shipments figure for 1991. However, this rate varies widely by four-digit industry, five-digit product class, and State total. The median imputation rate for a four-digit industry was 10 percent; for a five-digit product class, the rate was somewhat higher; and for a State total, the rate was comparable to the four-digit industry. PRODUCT CLASSES A product class is a grouping of individual products of an industry. It is designated by a five-digit code, the first four digits indicating the industry and the fifth digit, the specific group of products. The value of shipments for the class of product codes presented here is on a wherever-made basis; for example, it represents total shipments by all manufacturing industries (the industry in which the product class is primary and other industries in which the product class is secondary). In some cases, by definition, a product class is limited to the products of a particular manufacturing process. Wherever another product class accounts for additional production of the same end products, a cross reference is provided; for example, meat packing plant products: 20116, pork, processed, made in meat packing plants (see also code 20136). Table 2 shows total value of products shipped for products that are primary to more than one industry. The total value of shipments of all product classes belonging to an industry also is shown on the same wherever-made basis. It is designated by the four-digit industry code followed by a dash (2016-, if the industry has more than one product class) and by the four-digit industry code followed by another digit if the industry has only one product class (20210). The four-digit product class aggregate is not the same as the total industry value of shipments. ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS The following abbreviations and symbols are used in this publication: n.e.c. Not elsewhere classified. n.s.k. Not specified by kind. SIC Standard Industrial Classification. ANNUAL SURVEY OF MANUFACTURES Glossary CONTENTS All Employees------------------------------- XXVIII 11 Production Workers-------------------------- XXVIII 11 All Other Employees-------------------------XXVIII 11 Employment and Payroll for Auxiliaries---------------- XXVIII 11 Average Employment---------------------------XXVIII-11 Payroll--------------------------------------XXVIII-11 Production-Worker Hours----------------------XXVIII-12 Value Added by Manufacture-------------------XXVIII-12 Cost of Materials----------------------------XXVIII-12 Value of Shipments---------------------------XXVIII-12 Duplication in Cost of Materials and Value of Shipments-------------------------XXVIII-13 New and Used Capital Expenditures------------XXVIII-13 End-of-Year Inventories----------------------XXVIII-13 Labor Costs----------------------------------XXVIII-13 Cost of Fuels and Electric Energy Used for Heat and Power-------------------------XXVIII-14 All employees This item includes all full-time and part- time employees on the payrolls of operating manufacturing establishments during any part of the pay period which included the 12th of the months specified on the report form. Included are all persons on paid sick leave, paid holidays, and paid vacations during these pay periods. Officers of corporations are included as employees; proprietors and partners of unincorporated firms are excluded. The ``all employees'' number is the average number of production workers plus the number of other employees in mid-March. The number of production workers is the average for the payroll periods including the 12th of March, May, August, and November. Production workers This item includes workers (up through the line-supervisor level) engaged in fabricating, processing, assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping (but not delivering), maintenance, repair, janitorial and guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (power plant, etc.), recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with these production operations at the establishment covered by the report. Employees above the working-supervisor level are excluded from this item. All other employees This item covers nonproduction employees of the manufacturing establishment including those engaged in factory supervision above the line-supervisor level. It includes sales (including driver salespersons), sales delivery (highway truck drivers and their helpers), advertising, credit, collection, installation and servicing of own products, clerical and routine office function, executive, purchasing, financing, legal, personnel (including cafeteria, medical, etc.), professional, and technical employees. Also included are employees on the payroll of the manufacturing establishment engaged in the construction of major additions or alterations to the plant and utilized as a separate work force. Employment and payroll for auxiliaries Information on employment during the payroll period which included March 12 and annual payrolls also was requested of auxiliary units (administrative offices, warehouses, research and development laboratories, etc.) of multiestablishment companies. However, these figures are not included in the totals for individual industries shown in this report. The employment and payroll data shown for central administrative offices and auxiliary units represent the total for all such units which primarily serve manufacturing plants. Average employment The annual survey report forms requested employment figures for ``production workers'' for four selected pay periods (production workers' midmonth employment in March, May, August, and November). For ``all other employees'' only a mid-March figure was requested. Thus the ``annual average'' is composed of an average of the four monthly figures for the ``production workers'' plus the March figure for ``all other employees.'' Payroll This item includes the gross earnings of all employees on the payroll of operating manufacturing establishments paid in the calendar year. Respondents were told they could follow the definition of payrolls used for calculating the Federal withholding tax. It includes all forms of compensation, such as salaries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses, vacation and sick leave pay, and compensation in kind, prior to such deductions as employees' Social Security contributions, withholding taxes, group insurance, union dues, and savings bonds. The total includes salaries of officers of corporations; it excludes payments to proprietors or partners of unincorporated concerns. Also excluded are payments to members of Armed Forces and pensioners carried on the active payroll of manufacturing establishments. Production-worker hours This item covers hours worked or paid for at the plant, including actual overtime hours (not straight-time equivalent hours). It excludes hours paid for vacations, holidays, or sick leave. Value added by manufacture This measure of manufacturing activity is derived by subtracting the cost of materials, supplies, containers, fuel, purchased electricity, and contract work from the value of shipments (products manufactured plus receipts for services rendered). The result of this calculation is adjusted by the addition of value added by merchandising operations (the difference between the sales value and the cost of merchandise sold without further manufacture, processing, or assembly) plus the net change in finished goods and work-in-process between the beginning- and end-of-year inventories. For those industries where value of production is collected instead of value of shipments, value added is adjusted only for the change in work-in-process inventories between the beginning and end of year. For those industries where value of work done is collected, the value added does not include an adjustment for the change in finished goods or work-in-process inventories. ``Value added'' avoids the duplication in the figure for value of shipments that results from the use of products of some establishments as materials by others. Value added is considered to be the best value measure available for comparing the relative economic importance of manufacturing among industries and geographic areas. Cost of materials This term refers to direct charges actually paid or payable for items consumed or put into production during the year, including freight charges and other direct charges incurred by the establishment in acquiring these materials. It includes the cost of materials or fuel consumed, whether purchased by the individual establishment from other companies, transferred to it from other establishments of the same company, or withdrawn from inventory during the year. The important components of this cost item are: 1. All raw materials, semifinished goods, parts, containers, scrap, and supplies put into production or used as operating supplies or repair and maintenance during the year 2. Electric energy purchased 3. Fuels consumed for heat, power, or the generation of electricity 4. Work done by others on materials or parts furnished by manufacturing establishments (contract work) 5. Products bought and resold in the same condition See discussion of duplication of data below. Value of shipments This item covers the received or receivable net selling values, f.o.b. plant (exclusive of freight and taxes), of all products shipped, both primary and secondary, as well as all miscellaneous receipts, such as receipts for contract work performed for others, installation and repair, sales of scrap, and sales of products bought and resold without further processing. Included are all items made by or for the establishments from materials owned by it, whether sold, transferred to other plants of the same company, or shipped on consignment. The net selling value of products made in one plant on a contract basis from materials owned by another was reported by the plant providing the materials. In the case of multiestablishment companies, the manufacturer was requested to report the value of products transferred to other establishments of the same company at full economic or commercial value, including not only the direct cost of production but also a reasonable proportion of ``all other costs'' (including company overhead) and profit. (See discussion of duplication of data below.) Duplication in cost of materials and value of shipments The aggregate of the cost of materials and value of shipments figures for industry groups and for all manufacturing industries includes large amounts of duplication since the products of some industries are used as materials by others. This duplication results, in part, from the addition of related industries representing successive stages in the production of a finished manufactured product. Examples are the addition of flour mills to bakeries in the food group and the addition of pulp mills to paper mills in the paper and allied products group of industries. Estimates of the overall extent of this duplication indicate that the value of manufactured products exclusive of such duplication (the value of finished manufactures) tends to approximate two-thirds of the total value of products reported in the annual survey. Duplication of products within individual industries is significant within a number of industry groups (e.g., machinery and transportation equipment industries). These industries frequently include complete machinery and parts. In this case, the parts made for original equipment are materials consumed for assembly plants in the same industry. Even when no significant amount of duplication is involved, value of shipments figures are deficient as measures of the relative economic importance of individual manufacturing industries or geographic areas because of the wide variation in the ratio of materials, labor, and other processing costs to value of shipments, both among industries and with in the same industry. Before 1962, cost of materials and value of shipments were not published for some industries which included considerable duplication. Since then, these data have been published for all industries at the U.S. level and beginning in 1964, for all geographic levels. New and used capital expenditures For establishments in operation and any known plants under construction, manufactures were asked to report their new expenditures for: 1. Permanent additions and major alterations to manufacturing establishments 2. Machinery and equipment used for replacement and additions to plant capacity if they were of the type for which depreciation accounts were ordinarily maintained. The totals for new expenditures include expenditures leased from nonmanufacturing concerns through capital leases. New facilities owned by the Federal Government but operated under private contract by private companies, and plant and equipment furnished to the manufacturer by communities and nonprofit organizations are excluded. Manufacturers also were requested to report the value of all used buildings and equipment purchased during the year at the purchase price. For any equipment or structure transferred for the use of the reporting establishment by the parent company or one of its subsidiaries, the value at which it was transferred to the establishment was to be reported. Furthermore, if the establishment changed ownership during the year, the cost of the fixed assets (building and equipment) was to be reported under used capital expenditures. End-of-year inventories Respondents were asked to report their 1989 and 1990 end-of-year inventories at cost or market. Effective with the 1982 Economic Censuses, this change to a uniform instruction for reporting inventories was introduced for all sector reports. Prior to 1982, respondents were permitted to value inventories using any generally accepted accounting method (FIFO, LIFO, market, to name a few). In 1982, LIFO users were asked to first report inventory values prior to the LIFO adjustment and then to report the LIFO reserve and the LIFO value after adjustment for the reserve. Because of this change in reporting instructions, 1982 through 1990 data for inventories and value added by manufacture included in this report are not comparable to the prior-year data shown in table 1a of this report and in historical censuses of manufactures and ASM publications. When using inventory data by stage of fabrication for ``all industries'' and at the two-digit industry level, it should be noted that an item treated as a finished product by an establishment in one industry may be reported as a raw material by another establishment in a different industry. For example, the finished-product inventories of a steel mill would be reported as raw materials by a stamping plant. Such differences are present in the inventory figures by stage of fabrication shown for individual industries, industry groups, and manufacturing totals, which are aggregates of figures reported by establishments in specified industries. Labor costs Supplemental labor costs are divided into legally required expenditures and payment for voluntary programs. The legally required portion consists primarily of Federal old age and survivors' insurance, unemployment compensation, and workers' compensation. Payments for voluntary programs include all programs not specifically required by legislation whether they were employer initiated or the result of collective bargaining. They include the employer portion of such plans as insurance premiums, premiums for supplemental accident and sickness insurance, pension plans, supplemental unemployment compensation, welfare plans, stock purchase plans on which the employer payment is not subject to withholding tax, and deferred profit-sharing plans. They exclude such items as company- operated cafeterias, in-plant medical services, free-parking lots, discounts on employee purchases, and uniforms and work clothing for employees. While the excluded items do benefit employees and all or part of their cost generally is similar to the items covered in the ASM labor costs statistics, accounting records generally do not provide reliable figures on net employee benefits of these types. Cost of fuels and electric energy used for heat and power These items refer to fuels and electric energy consumed for heat, power, or generation of electricity whether purchased by the individual establishment from other companies, transferred to it from other establishments of the same company, or withdrawn from inventory during the year. Data on the quantity of purchased electric energy and quantity of generated-less-sold electric energy are included. The cost and quantity of purchased electric energy represent the amount actually used during the year for heat and power. In addition, information was collected on the quantity of electric energy generated by the establishment and the quantity of electric energy sold or transferred to other plants of the same company. ANNUAL SURVEY OF MANUFACTURES File Specifications CONTENTS General Data Specifications----------XXVIII-15 File Layout--------------------------XXVIII-15 GENERAL DATA SPECIFICATIONS Data Fields. All files are recorded in dBase III+ format. Numeric data fields contain no alphabetic information. A few fields (those in percentage form) have explicit decimals On the other hand, many data items are scaled in thousands or millions, and this is noted only in the file layouts. Any data field which is subject to any special conditions (e.g., suppression to avoid disclosure, not applicable) is preceded by an information flag field which contains explanatory codes. Standard Industrial Classification Titles. Records in the files are specific to a particular SIC classification, as identified by the SIC code. Titles for each manufacturing SIC are shown in the file MC87SIC.dbf on the CD-ROM. Titles for each of these labelled variables may be linked to data files using the dBase SET RELATION command, although only one relation can be defined at one time. EXTRACT's ``Add Labels'' function serves the same purpose. Index Files. Most of these data files have one or more index files that may be used to jump quickly to desired records (e.g., using the dBase FIND command) or to change the sequence of access. Available index files are listed in the abstract. Where noted in the abstract that an index is to the ``first record for'' a particular type of record, the index can be used during dBase FINDs, but the index must be shut off with SET INDEX TO in order to get access to records other than the first for each geographic area or SIC. FILE LAYOUT Most data items have an associated ``flag'' to describe any special conditions applicable. Flag 0 indicates normal data. Flag 6 indicates data greater than zero, but rounding to zero in the units displayed. Flags 1, 2, 4, or 5 indicate the absence of data (e.g., due to disclosure). Flag 9 denotes data items that have been revised since originally published. Data fields associated with flags 1 to 6 contain zeroes. Annual Survey of Manufactures on CD-ROM DATABASE STRUCTURE File ASMI1A91: All Establishments by Year ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Field Field Name Type Size Decimal Field Description ----------------------------------------------------------------------- RECTYPE C 2 0 Record Type SIC C 4 0 1987 Standard Industrial Classification code YR C 2 0 Year ESTABF N 1 0 flag for ESTAB ESTAB N 6 0 Number of establishments (Census years only) EST20EF N 1 0 flag for EST20E EST20E N 6 0 Number of establishments with 20+ employees (Census only) EMPLOYEF N 1 0 flag for EMPLOYE EMPLOYE N 7 1 Number of employees (thousands) PAYROLLF N 1 0 flag for PAYROLL PAYROLL N 8 1 Payroll for all employees ($ millions) WORKERSF N 1 0 flag for WORKERS WORKERS N 7 1 Number of production workers (thousands) HOURSF N 1 0 flag for HOURS HOURS N 7 1 Production worker hours (millions) WAGESF N 1 0 flag for WAGES WAGES N 8 1 Production worker wages ($ million) VALADDF N 1 0 flag for VALADD VALADD N 9 1 Value added by manufacture ($ million) MATERLSF N 1 0 flag for MATERLS MATERLS N 9 1 Cost of materials ($ million) SHIPMTSF N 1 0 flag for SHIPMTS SHIPMTS N 9 1 Value of shipments ($ million) CAPEXPF N 1 0 flag for CAPEXP CAPEXP N 7 1 New capital expenditures ($ million) Record size: 103 Annual Survey of Manufactures on CD-ROM DATABASE STRUCTURE File ASMI1B91: Operating Establishments & Auxiliaries by Major Group & Year ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Field Field Name Type Size Decimal Field Description ----------------------------------------------------------------------- RECTYPE C 2 0 Record Type SIC C 4 0 1987 Standard Industrial Classification code YR C 2 0 Year TEXT C 44 0 SIC description EMPLOYEF N 1 0 Flag for EMPLOYE EMPLOYE N 7 1 Number of employees (thousands) PAYROLLF N 1 0 Flag for PAYROLL PAYROLL N 8 1 Payroll for all employees ($ millions) EMPOPERF N 1 0 Flag for EMPOPER EMPOPER N 7 1 Employees in operating manufacturing establishments (thousand) PAYOPERF N 1 0 Flag for PAYOPER PAYOPER N 8 1 Payroll for employees in operating establishments ($ milllion) EMPAUXF N 1 0 Flag for EMPAUX EMPAUX N 7 1 Employees in auxiliary establishments (thousands) PAYAUXF N 1 0 Flag for PAYAUX PAYAUX N 8 1 Payroll for employees in auxiliary establishments ($ million) Record size: 104 Annual Survey of Manufactures on CD-ROM DATABASE STRUCTURE File ASMI2_91: General Statistics by SIC by Year ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Field Field Name Type Size Decimal Field Description ----------------------------------------------------------------------- RECTYPE C 2 0 Record Type YR C 2 0 Year SIC C 4 0 1987 Standard Industrial Classification code TEXT C 47 0 SIC description PS C 1 0 Production/Shipments (P=Data in SHIPMTS is Value of Product) EMPLOYEF N 1 0 Flag for EMPLOYE EMPLOYEE N 2 0 Relative standard error (%) of EMPLOYE EMPLOYE N 7 1 Number of employees (thousands) PAYROLLF N 1 0 Flag for PAYROLL PAYROLL N 8 1 Payroll for all employees ($ millions) WORKERSF N 1 0 Flag for WORKERS WORKERS N 7 1 Number of production workers (thousands) HOURSF N 1 0 Flag for HOURS HOURS N 7 1 Production worker hours (millions) WAGESF N 1 0 Flag for WAGES WAGES N 8 1 Production worker wages ($ million) VALADDF N 1 0 Flag for VALADD VALADDE N 2 0 Relative standard error (%) of VALADD VALADD N 9 1 Value added by manufacture ($ million) MATERLSF N 1 0 Flag for MATERLS MATERLS N 9 1 Cost of materials ($ million) SHIPMTSF N 1 0 Flag for SHIPMTS SHIPMTS N 9 1 Value of shipments ($ million) CAPEXPF N 1 0 Flag for CAPEXP CAPEXPE N 2 0 Relative standard error (%) of CAPEXP CAPEXP N 8 1 New capital expenditures ($ million) INVENTRF N 1 0 Flag for INVENTR INVENTR N 8 1 End-of-year inventories ($ million) Record size: 153 Annual Survey of Manufactures on CD-ROM DATABASE STRUCTURE File ASMI3_91: Detailed Statistics (from tables 3 to 6) ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Field Field Name Type Size Decimal Field Description ----------------------------------------------------------------------- YR C 2 0 Year SIC C 4 0 1987 Standard Industrial Classification Code TEXT C 47 0 SIC description EMPLOYEF N 1 0 Flag for EMPLOYE EMPLOYE N 7 1 Number of employees (thousands) COMPENSF N 1 0 Flag for COMPENS COMPENS N 8 1 Total compensation ($ millions) PAYROLLF N 1 0 Flag for PAYROLL PAYROLL N 8 1 Annual payroll ($ millions) BENEREQF N 1 0 Flag for BENEREQ BENEREQE N 2 0 Relative standard error (%) of BENEREQ BENEREQ N 7 1 Social Security and other legally required payments ($ million) BENEOTHF N 1 0 Flag for BENEOTH BENEOTHE N 2 0 Relative standard error (%) of BENEOTH BENEOTH N 7 1 Employer payments and other programs ($ millions) FUELECF N 1 0 Flag for FUELEC FUELEC N 7 1 Cost of purchased fuels and electric energy ($ millions) ELECPURF N 1 0 Flag for ELECPUR ELECPUR N 8 1 Quantity of electric energy purchased (million kWh) ELECOSTF N 1 0 Flag for ELECOST ELECOSTE N 2 0 Relative standard error (%) of ELECOST ELECOST N 7 1 Cost of purchased electricity ($ millions) ELECGENF N 1 0 Flag for ELECGEN ELECGEN N 8 1 Quantity of electric energy generated less sold (million kWh) FUELSCF N 1 0 Flag for FUELSC FUELSCE N 2 0 Relative standard error (%) of FUELSC FUELSC N 7 1 Cost of fuels ($ millions) GBVTOTNF N 1 0 Flag for GBVTOTN GBVTOTNE N 2 0 Relative standard error (%) of GBVTOTN GBVTOTN N 8 1 New capital expenditures, total ($ millions) GBVBLDNF N 1 0 Flag for GBVBLDN GBVBLDN N 8 1 New capital expenditures for buildings/structures ($ million) GBVEQPNF N 1 0 Flag for GBVEQPN GBVEQPN N 8 1 New capital expenditures for machinery/equip ($ million) GBVTOTUF N 1 0 Flag for GBVTOTU GBVTOTUE N 2 0 Relative standard error (%) of GBVTOTU GBVTOTU N 7 1 Used capital expenditures, total ($ millions) GBVBLDUF N 1 0 Flag for GBVBLDU GBVBLDU N 7 1 Used capital expenditures for bldgs/structures, year ($ million) GBVEQPUF N 1 0 Flag for GBVEQPU GBVEQPU N 7 1 Used capital expenditures for machinery/equip, year ($ million) INVENTRF N 1 0 Flag for INVENTR INVENTRE N 2 0 Relative standard error (%) of INVENTR INVENTR N 8 1 Inventories, total, end of year ($ millions) INVFINEF N 1 0 Flag for INVFINE INVFINEE N 2 0 Relative standard error (%) of INVFINE INVFINE N 8 1 Inventories of finished goods, end of year ($ millions) INVWOREF N 1 0 Flag for INVWORE INVWOREE N 2 0 Relative standard error (%) of INVWORE INVWORE N 8 1 Inventories of work in process, end of year ($ millions) INVMATEF N 1 0 Flag for INVMATE INVMATEE N 2 0 Relative standard error (%) of INVMATE INVMATE N 8 1 Inventories of materials and supplies, end of year ($ million) Record size: 245 Annual Survey of Manufactures on CD-ROM DATABASE STRUCTURE File ASMP__91: Value of Shipments by Product Class, 1991 & earlier ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Field Field Name Type Size Decimal Field Description ----------------------------------------------------------------------- RECTYPE C 2 0 Record type (01=U.S.) PRODUCTC C 5 0 Product class code PRODTEXT C 124 0 Description of product class FOOTNOTE C 1 0 Footnote indicator ("F"-see ASMPF_91, keyed to PRODUCTC) SHIPV91F C 1 0 Flag for SHIPV91 SHIPV91E N 3 0 Relative standard error for SHIPV91 (percent) SHIPV91 N 9 1 Value of product shipments, 1991 (ASM) ($ millions) SHIPV90F N 1 0 Flag for SHIPV90 SHIPV90E N 3 0 Relative standard error for SHIPV90 (percent) SHIPV90 N 9 1 Value of product shipments, 1990 (ASM) ($ millions) SHIPV89F N 1 0 Flag for SHIPV89 SHIPV89 N 9 1 Value of product shipments, 1989 (ASM) ($ millions) SHIPV88F N 1 0 Flag for SHIPV88 SHIPV88 N 9 1 Value of product shipments, 1988 (ASM) ($ millions) SHIPV87F N 1 0 Flag for S87REV SHIPV87 N 9 1 Value of product shipments, 1987 (revised for 1988 ASM) ($ million) SHIPMTSF N 1 0 Flag for SHIPV87 SHIPMTS N 9 1 Value of product shipments, 1987 (from 1987 MC87-I reports-$ million) SHIPV86F N 1 0 Flag for SHIPV86 SHIPV86 N 9 1 Value of product shipments, 1986 (ASM) ($ millions) SHIPV85F N 1 0 Flag for SHIPV85 SHIPV85 N 9 1 Value of product shipments, 1985 (ASM) ($ millions) SHIPV84F N 1 0 Flag for SHIPV84 SHIPV84 N 9 1 Value of product shipments, 1984 (ASM) ($ millions) SHIPV83F N 1 0 Flag for SHIPV83 SHIPV83 N 9 1 Value of product shipments, 1983 (ASM) ($millions) SHIPV82F N 1 0 Flag for SHIPV82 SHIPV82 N 9 1 Value of product shipments, 1982 ($ millions) SHIPV77F N 1 0 Flag for SHIPV77 SHIPV77 N 9 1 Value of product shipments, 1977 ($ millions) SHIPV72F N 1 0 Flag for SHIPV72 SHIPV72 N 9 1 Value of product shipments, 1972 ($ millions) Record size: 269 Annual Survey of Manufactures on CD-ROM DATABASE STRUCTURE File ASMPF_91: Footnotes for ASMP__91 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Field Field Name Type Size Decimal Field Description ----------------------------------------------------------------------- PRODUCTC C 5 0 Product class code (estabs with this product class primary) TEXT C 248 0 Text of footnote Record size: 254 Annual Survey of Manufactures on CD-ROM DATABASE STRUCTURE File ASMA2_91: General Statistics by State by SIC by Year ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Field Field Name Type Size Decimal Field Description ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ST C 2 0 FIPS State code YR C 2 0 Year SIC C 4 0 1987 Standard Industrial Classification code TEXT C 44 0 SIC description EMPLOYEF N 1 0 Flag for EMPLOYE EMPLOYEE N 2 0 Relative standard error (%) of EMPLOYE EMPLOYE N 7 1 Number of employees (thousands) PAYROLLF N 1 0 Flag for PAYROLL PAYROLL N 8 1 Payroll for all employees ($ millions) WORKERSF N 1 0 Flag for WORKERS WORKERS N 7 1 Number of production workers (thousands) HOURSF N 1 0 Flag for HOURS HOURS N 7 1 Production worker hours (millions) WAGESF N 1 0 Flag for WAGES WAGES N 8 1 Production worker wages ($ million) VALADDF N 1 0 Flag for VALADD VALADDE N 2 0 Relative standard error (%) of VALADD VALADD N 9 1 Value added by manufacture ($ million) MATERLSF N 1 0 Flag for MATERLS MATERLS N 9 1 Cost of materials ($ million) SHIPMTSF N 1 0 Flag for SHIPMTS SHIPMTS N 9 1 Value of shipments ($ million) CAPEXPF N 1 0 Flag for CAPEXP CAPEXPE N 2 0 Relative standard error (%) of CAPEXP CAPEXP N 7 1 New capital expenditures ($ million) INVENTRF N 1 0 Flag for INVENTR INVENTR N 8 1 End-of-year inventories ($ million) Record size: 148 Annual Survey of Manufactures on CD-ROM DATABASE STRUCTURE File ASMA3_91: Supplemental Statistics by State ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Field Field Name Type Size Decimal Field Description ----------------------------------------------------------------------- YR C 2 0 Year ST C 2 0 FIPS State code TEXT C 20 0 State name INVENTBE N 2 0 Relative standard error of estimate (%) for INVENTB INVENTB N 8 1 Inventories, total, beginning of year ($ million) INVFINBE N 2 0 Relative standard error of estimate (%) for INVFINB INVFINB N 8 1 Inventories of finished goods, beginning of year ($ million) INVWORBE N 2 0 Relative standard error of estimate (%) for INVWORB INVWORB N 8 1 Inventories of work in process, beginning of year ($ million) INVMATBE N 2 0 Relative standard error of estimate (%) for INVMATB INVMATB N 8 1 Inventories of materials & supplies, beginning of year ($ millions) INVENTRE N 2 0 Relative standard error of estimate (%) for INVENTR INVENTR N 8 1 Inventories, total, end of year ($ millions) INVFINEE N 2 0 Relative standard error of estimate (%) for INVFINE INVFINE N 8 1 Inventories of finished goods, end of year ($ millions) INVWOREE N 2 0 Relative standard error of estimate (%) for INVWORE INVWORE N 8 1 Inventories of work in process, end of year ($ millions) INVMATEE N 2 0 Relative standard error of estimate (%) for INVMATE INVMATE N 8 1 Inventories of materials and supplies, end of year ($ millions) GBVTOTNE N 2 0 Relative standard error of estimate (%) for GBVTOTN GBVTOTN N 8 1 New capital expenditures, total ($ millions) GBVTOTUE N 2 0 Relative standard error of estimate (%) for GBVTOTU GBVTOTU N 8 1 Used capital expenditures, total ($ millions) GBVBLDNE N 2 0 Relative standard error of estimate (%) for GBVBLDN GBVBLDN N 8 1 New capital expenditures for buildings/structures ($ million) GBVEQPNE N 2 0 Relative standard error of estimate (%) for GBVEQPN GBVEQPN N 8 1 New capital expenditures for machinery/equipment ($ millions) GBVBLDUE N 2 0 Relative standard error of estimate (%) for GBVBLDU GBVBLDU N 8 1 Used capital expenditures for bldgs/structures ($million) GBVEQPUE N 2 0 Relative standard error of estimate (%) for GBVEQPU GBVEQPU N 8 1 Used capital expenditures for machinery/equipment ($ million) BENEFITE N 2 0 Relative standard error of estimate (%) for BENEFIT BENEFIT N 8 1 Fringe Benefits ($ millions) BENEREQE N 2 0 Relative standard error of estimate (%) for BENEREQ BENEREQ N 8 1 Social Security and other legally required payments ($ millions) BENEOTHE N 2 0 Relative standard error of estimate (%) for BENEOTH BENEOTH N 8 1 Employer payments and other programs ($ millions) FUELSCE N 2 0 Relative standard error of estimate (%) for FUELSC FUELSC N 8 1 Cost of fuels ($ millions) ELECPURE N 2 0 Relative standard error of estimate (%) for ELECPUR ELECPUR N 8 1 Quantity of electric energy purchased (million kWh) ELECOSTE N 2 0 Relative standard error of estimate (%) for ELECOST ELECOST N 8 1 Cost of purchased electricity ($ millions) ELECGENF N 1 0 Flag for ELECGEN ELECGENE N 2 0 Relative standard error of estimate (%) forELECGEN ELECGEN N 8 1 Quantity of electric energy generated less sold (million kWh) Record size: 236 ANNUAL SURVEY OF MANUFACTURES User Notes This section will contain information relevant to the Annual Survey of Manufactures on CD-ROM that indicates specific problems with the data, or that becomes available after the file is released. 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