CHAPTER XXX Analytical Reports-Selected Characteristics of Manufacturing Establishments that Export Abstract....................................... XXX-3 Introduction................................... XXX-5 Database Structure............................. XXX-9 User Notes.....................................XXX-11 ANALYTICAL REPORTS-SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF MANUFACTURING ESTABLISHMENTS THAT EXPORT Abstract CONTENTS Citation---------------------XXX 3 Type of File-----------------XXX 3 Universe Description---------XXX 3 Subject-Matter Description---XXX 3 Geographic Coverage----------XXX 3 Technical Description--------XXX 3 Reference Materials----------XXX 4 Related Printed Reports------XXX 4 Related Machine-Readable Data Files-----------------XXX 4 Availability-----------------XXX 4 CITATION Manufacturing Analytical Report Series on CD-ROM: Selected Characteristics of Manufacturing Establishments That Export, 1987 [machine- readable data file] / prepared by the Bureau of the Census. --Washington: The Bureau [producer and distributor], 1993. TYPE OF FILE: Summary statistics UNIVERSE DESCRIPTION: The universe of these files is establishments with one or more paid employees primarily engaged in manufacturing. SUBJECT-MATTER DESCRIPTION: These data are the same as shown in the printed Analytic Report Series report, all data in tables 1a to 3c combined into a single file. This file presents the value of shipments and employment of all establishments and those establishments engaged in exporting, as well as the value of goods actually exported. Also shown are the number of establishments by export intensity. GEOGRAPHIC COVERAGE Data are shown for the U.S. and States. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION: File Structure: dBASE III+ AREX3_87 Exports by Employment Size of Establishment by State, 1987 1. File sequence: by State by SIC (2-digit) by employment size 2. Available indexes: a. AREX3S87: First record for each State and employment-size category b. AREX3I87: By SIC by State by employment-size code 3. Linkable label files: a. MC87SIC (SIC titles) b. STCODE(State names) REFERENCE MATERIALS: "1987 Economic Censuses CD-ROM 1E, Technical Documentation." This documentation has general information, glossaries, record layouts for all files, and other reference material. One copy accompanies each CD-ROM order. Additional copies are available for $10 from Customer Services, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233. "Guide to the 1987 Economic Censuses and Related Statistics." Describes the scope, coverage, classification systems, data items, and data products for each of the economic censuses and related surveys. Data comparability and uses are also discussed. Single copies are free from Customer Services, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233. "Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987." Prepared by the Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, and available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Price is $24. RELATED PRINTED REPORTS "Manufacturing Analytical Report Series: Selected Characteristics of Manufacturing Establishments that Export, 1987 (AR87-2)." Includes the same statistics as this file. RELATED MACHINE-READABLE DATA FILES: Manufacturing Analytical Report Series on CD-ROM: Exports from Manufacturing Establishments, 1989. Annual series with data from 1986 through 1989 on the value of manufactured exports and export-related employment, both for directly exported goods and for the indirect requirements supporting manufactured exports. Data are shown at the 2- and 3-digit SIC level by State. (On CD-ROM's 1D and 1E). Census of Manufactures on CD-ROM, 1987: Geographic Area Series. Provides total shipments, employment and other statistics without regard to export activity for 4-digit SICs as well as the 2- and 3-digit SICs for the U.S., States, metropolitan areas, counties and places. (On CD-ROMs 1D and 1E). AVAILABILITY: This files is included on Economic Census CD-ROM 1E (price $150). ANALYTICAL REPORTS-SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF MANUFACTURING ESTABLISHMENTS THAT EXPORT Introduction General Description and Comparison to 1987 Exports From Manufacturing Establishments (AR87-1) Report-------------------------------XXX 5 Uses of Data------------------------------------XXX 5 Summary of Results------------------------------XXX 6 Detailed Description of Census Methods and Estimating Procedure--------------------------XXX 6 Confidentiality of Data-------------------------XXX 7 GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND COMPARISON TO 1987 EXPORTS FROM MANUFACTURING ESTABLISHMENTS (AR87-1) REPORT This analytical report (AR87-2) is based on data on export activity reported by manufacturing establishments for the 1987 Census of Manufactures. The report includes information on characteristics of manufacturing establishments that reported export activity. These characteristics include the size of the exporting establishment and exporting intensity (ratio of the value of export shipments to the total value of shipments) in three sets of tables: Number of Exporting Establishments (tables 1a-1c), Shipments and Employment Related to Manufactured Exports by Employment Size of Establishment (tables 2a-2c), and Exporting Intensity Exporting Establishments by Employment Size of Establishment (tables 3a-3c). Each set includes estimates at the major group, State, and State by major group levels. For tables 2a-2c, total value of shipments and total employment are presented so that data users may compare exports and export-related employment to overall manufacturing activity. The export data shown in this report represent those manufactured goods that are directly exported from the manufacturing establishment, since many respondents do not know the final destination of the products produced in their plants. This includes cases where the export is actually made by an independent exporting firm or where the actual shipments of the products are made from company-operated warehouses or other distribution points which do not allocate the export sales back to the individual manufacturing establishments. Such directly-related shipments understate the true value of all exports. In 1987, $136.9 billion of manufactured goods were directly exported from manufacturing establishments compared to the $193.6 billion of direct exports shown in the annual report Exports From Manufacturing Establishments (AR87-1) whose data are inflated upward to equal the official export data compiled by the Bureau of the Census, Foreign Trade Division. The estimates of export shipments shown in this report also do not account for the indirect requirements supporting manufactured exports. Indirect requirements refer to all of the inputs acquired by manufacturing establishments to produce the product being exported and the requirements of these suppliers, etc. As an example, the export value of engines and turbines in 1987 amounted to $3.1 billion as goods left the manufacturing plant. To produce the $3.1 billion of engines and turbines, it was necessary for these plants to purchase steel and additional metals from other plants, various other materials, containers for shipping, electric energy from utility firms, oil and lubricants for maintenance, a variety of business and professional services, etc. In 1987, the annual report, AR87- 1, included an estimated value of indirect requirements for export at $185.2 billion at the U.S. total level. For a description of the scope of the census and forms used to collect the data, see Chapter XVII. USES OF DATA The exports from manufacturing establishments data, particularly the data on the number of export-related jobs, are used extensively in the analysis and promotion of exports by government agencies. The International Trade Administration (ITA) is the primary user of these data. Members of Congress have a particular interest in the data shown for their State. State agencies also are using the data to promote export activity. In addition, many consulting firms, academic institutions, and private manufacturing companies use the report to analyze trade, to make recommendations, and to compare export activity. SUMMARY OF RESULTS In 1987, over 65,000 manufacturing establishments engaged in exporting activities from the United States. On the average, 22 percent of all U.S. manufacturing establishments exported manufactured products. The percent of exporting establishments varies among the major groups from 9 to 42 percent with Major Group 38, Instruments and Related Products, leading at 42 percent, followed by Major Group 39, Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries (39 percent), Major Group 36, Electronic and Other Electric Equipment (36 percent), Major Group 28, Chemicals and Allied Products (32 percent), and Major Group 33, Primary Metal Industries (28 percent) rounding out the top five. Manufacturing establishments are widely dispersed geographically across the United States. The top ten States, with a minimum of 10,000 establishments each, combined to account for 57 percent of all U.S. manufacturing establishments. California led all States with over 48,000 establishments, while Florida rounded out the top ten. Establishments in these ten States accounted for over half of all U.S. exporting establishments. The number of exporting establishments varies among the States from 8 to 23 percent with Connecticut and Massachusetts leading at 23 percent followed by Ohio, Rhode Island, and Alaska at 22 percent and Illinois, Michigan, and Indiana at 21 percent. Small establishments with less than 100 employees accounted for 77 percent of exporting establishments. This is not surprising since they account for 90 percent of all manufacturing establishments. Large establishments (over 500 employees) accounted for only 5 percent of exporting establishments and 1 percent of all manufacturing establishments. However, 63 percent of the large establishments exported manufactured products in 1987, compared to only 16 percent for small establishments. In the United States, the total value of shipments for exporting establishments accounted for approximately 56 percent of the total value of shipments for all manufacturers. The share of total value of shipments attributed to exporting establishments was 76 percent and 27 percent, respectively, for large and small establishments. Looking at the top ten major industry groups, the percent of total value of shipments for exporting establishments ranged from 16 percent in Major Group 23, Apparel and Other Textile Products, to a high of 72 percent in Major Group 35, Industrial Machinery and Equipment. On the average, the value of exports was 10 percent of the value of shipments for exporting establishments, regardless of size. However, for the top ten major industry groups, based on the total number of establishments, the percent of export shipments from exporting establishments varied from 4 percent in Major Group 27, Printing and Publishing, to 14 percent in Major Group 24, Lumber and Wood Products. For manufacturing establishments that responded to the census inquiry on exports, 15 percent indicated an intensity level of 20 percent or more. The intensity level varies minimally by employment size. Export intensity does differ among the respondents at the major group and State levels. Approximately 29 percent of the establishments classified in Major Group 38, Instruments and Related Products, had an intensity level of 20 percent or more. In contrast, only 3 percent of the establishments classified in Major Group 25, Furniture and Fixtures, had an intensity level of 20 percent or more. Seventy-seven percent of the establishments located in Alaska reported an intensity level of 20 percent or more compared to only 7 percent for Kentucky. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CENSUS METHODS AND ESTIMATING PROCEDURE Information on export shipments, total value of shipments, and total employment are collected on the report forms for the 1987 Census of Manufactures. In addition, a sample of 10,000 establishments selected from the list of 150,000 establishments that were not mailed a census questionnaire received an abbreviated questionnaire (form MC-9610). The MC-9610 questionnaire collected only data on the percentage of the total value of shipments that were exported. The Census Bureau developed an imputation (estimation) procedure to address nonresponse to the exports question on the census form and to account for nonmail records that did not receive the MC-9610 questionnaire. Parameters (exports to value of shipments ratios) developed from response data were used in the imputation procedure. The first phase of the imputation procedure involved developing a set of parameters at the two-digit major industry group by census geographic division level that represented the probability of an establishment having exports. These probabilities were derived by computing the ratio of all establishments reporting a nonzero exports value to the total number of establishments responding to the exports item (including zero values). Based on these probabilities, a random sample of nonrespondents was selected and defined as having exports. The second phase involved imputing the value of exports for establishments defined as being exporters. Using reporters of exports, a percentage of exports to value of shipments was computed at the two-digit major industry group level for each census geographic division. For establishments defined as being exporters, an exports value was imputed using the establishment's value of shipment and the appropriate percentage. Export-related employment was imputed by assuming that the ratio of the establishment's export-related employment to total employment was the same as the ratio of the establishment's value of exports to total value of shipments. Exports-related employment was imputed for all establishments with a value of exports, including those establishments imputed as exporters as described above. The estimates for directly reported exports included in this report are comparable to those estimates included in the 1987 report Exports From Manufacturing Establishments, appendix B. Differences between the two sets of estimates are due to differences in the imputation methodology used to account for nonrespondents and the nonmail establishments. CONFIDENTIALITY OF DATA The Bureau of the Census is prohibited by law from publishing any statistics that disclose information reported by individual establishments. Whenever the total value of shipments and/or exports shipments cannot be shown without disclosing information or individual establishments, the complete line has been suppressed. Data for these suppressed lines are, however, included in higher levels totals. Additional disclosure analysis is performed for exports and export-related employment that can be suppressed even though value of shipments data are publishable. Analytical Reports-Selected Characteristics of Manufacturing Establishments that Export DATABASE STRUCTURE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Field Field Name Type Size Decimal Field Description --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ST C 2 0 FIPS State Code SIC C 4 0 1987 Standard Industrial Classification code EMPSIZE C 1 0 Employment size of establishment (1-99,2=100-499,3=500+) TEXT C 44 0 Description ESTABF N 1 0 Flag for ESTAB ESTAB N 6 0 Number of establishments ESTEXF N 1 0 Flag for ESTEX ESTEX N 6 0 Number of exporting establishments ESTEXPCF N 1 0 Flag for ESTEXPC ESTEXPC N 3 0 Percent of establishments exporting (ESTEX/ESTAB*100) SHIPMTSF N 1 0 Flag for SHIPMTS SHIPMTS N 9 1 Value of shipments ($ million) SHPESEXF N 1 0 Flag for SHPESEX SHPESEX N 9 1 Value of shipments of establishments that export ($ million) SHPEXF N 1 0 Flag for SHPEX SHPEX N 9 1 Value of shipments exported by producing plant ($ million) SHPEXP1F N 1 0 Flag for SHPEXP1 SHPEXP1 N 3 0 % value of shipments by estabs exporting (SHPESEX/SHIPMTS*100) SHPEXP2F N 1 0 Flag for SHPEXP2 SHPEXP2 N 3 0 % export shipments (avg export intensity) (SHPEX/SHPESEX*100) EMPLOYEF N 1 0 Flag for EMPLOYE EMPLOYE N 7 1 Total employment (1,000) EMPESEXF N 1 0 Flag for EMPESEX EMPESEX N 7 1 Total employment of exporting establishments (1,000) EMPEXF N 1 0 Flag for EMPEX EMPEX N 7 1 Export employment (1,000) EMPEXP1F N 1 0 Flag for EMPEXP1 EMPEXP1 N 3 0 % of exporting estabs total employment (EMPESEX/EMPLOYE*100) EMPEXP2F N 1 0 Flag for EMPEXP2 EMPEXP2 N 3 0 % export employment (EMPEX/EMPESEX*100) ESTEX1 N 5 0 Number of estabs with export intensity of 1% or less ESTEX2 N 5 0 Number of estabs with export intensity of 2% to 9% ESTEX10 N 5 0 Number of estabs with export intensity of 10% to 19% ESTEX20 N 5 0 Number of estabs with export intensity of 20% to 49% ESTEX50 N 5 0 Number of estabs with export intensity of 50% to 100% ESTEXUNK N 5 0 Number of estabs with export intensity unknown Record size: 169 ANALYTICAL REPORTS-SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF MANUFACTURING ESTABLISHMENTS THAT EXPORT User Notes This section will contain information relevant to the Selected Characteristics of Manufacturing Establishments that Export that indicates specific problems with the data, or that becomes available after the file is released. The cover letter to the updated information should be filed behind this page. User Notes will be sent to all users who (1) purchased their file (or technical documentation) from the Census Bureau and (2) returned the coupon following the CD-ROM File Information.