Description of Industries and Summary of Findings

INDUSTRY 2011, MEAT PACKING PLANTS

This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in the
slaughtering, for their own account or on a contract basis for the trade,
of cattle, hogs, sheep, lambs, and calves for meat to be sold or to be used
on the same premises in canning, cooking, curing, and freezing, and in
making sausage, lard, and other products. Also included in this industry
are establishments primarily engaged in slaughtering horses for human
consumption. Establishments primarily engaged in slaughtering, dressing,
and packing poultry, rabbits, and other small game are classified in
industry 2015; and those primarily engaged in slaughtering and processing
animals not for human consumption are classified in industry 2048.
Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing sausages and meat
specialties from purchased meats are classified in industry 2013; and
establishments primarily engaged in canning meat for baby food are
classified in industry 2032.

The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title
also are the same.

In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2011, Meat Packing Plants, had
employment of 122.4 thousand. The employment figure was 7 percent above the
113.9 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment increased 1
percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of
manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between
censuses.

The leading States in employment in 1992 were Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, and
Texas, accounting for approximately 45 percent of the industry's
employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987 when they accounted
for 40 percent of the industry's employment.

The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry
was $50.4 billion.

Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well
as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have
some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts.
Industry 2011 shipped $46.8 billion of meat products considered primary to
the industry, $1.3 billion of secondary products, and had $2.4 billion of
miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work.  Thus, the ratio of
primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products
shipped by establishments in this industry was 97 percent (specialization
ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 98 percent.

Establishments in this industry also accounted for 99 percent of products
considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually
produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 100 percent.

The products primary to industry 2011, no matter in what industry they were
produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $46.8 billion. For
further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B
and the appendixes.

The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by
establishments classified in the meat packing industry amounted to $43.6
billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7.

Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 20 employees
were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these
establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports
were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from
administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry
averages. These establishments accounted for 5 percent of the total value
of shipments.


INDUSTRY 2013, SAUSAGES AND OTHER PREPARED MEATS

This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in
manufacturing sausages, cured meats, smoked meats, canned meats, frozen
meats, and other prepared meats and meat specialties, from purchased
carcasses and other materials. Prepared meat plants operated by packing
houses as separate establishments are also included in this industry.
Establishments primarily engaged in canning or otherwise processing
poultry, rabbits, and other small game are classified in industry 2015.
Establishments primarily engaged in canning meat for baby food are
classified in industry 2032. Establishments primarily engaged in cutting up
and resale of purchased fresh carcasses, for the trade, (including boxed
beef) are classified in wholesale trade, industry 5147.

The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title
also are the same.

In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2013, Sausages and Other
Prepared Meats, had employment of 85.5 thousand. The employment figure was
9 percent above the 78.7 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991,
employment increased 7 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census
Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey
conducted each year between censuses.

The leading States in employment in 1992 were Wisconsin, Texas, Illinois,
and California, accounting for approximately 29 percent of the industry's
employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987 when they accounted
for 30 percent of the industry's employment.

The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry
was $20.0 billion.

Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well
as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have
some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts.
Industry 2013 shipped $17.3 billion of sausages and prepared meats
considered primary to the industry, $880.8 million of secondary products,
and had $1.8 billion of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work.
Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and
primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 95 percent
(specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 96 percent.

Establishments in this industry also accounted for 98 percent of products
considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually
produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio also was 98 percent.

The products primary to industry 2013, no matter in what industry they were
produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $17.7 billion. For
further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B
and the appendixes.

The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by
establishments classified in the sausage and prepared meats industry
amounted to $14.5 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in
file MC92F7.

Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 15 employees
were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these
establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports
were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from
administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry
averages. These establishments accounted for 12 percent of the total value
of shipments.


INDUSTRY 2015, POULTRY SLAUGHTERING AND PROCESSING

This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in
slaughtering, dressing, packing, freezing, and canning poultry, rabbits,
and other small game, or in manufacturing products from such meats, for
their own account or on a contract basis for the trade. This industry also
includes the drying, freezing, and breaking of eggs.  Establishments
primarily engaged in cleaning, oil treating, packing, and grading of eggs
are classified in wholesale trade, industry 5144; and those engaged in the
cutting up and resale of purchased fresh carcasses are classified in
wholesale and retail trade.

The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title
also are the same.

In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2015, Poultry Slaughtering and
Processing, had employment of 193.8 thousand. The employment figure was 31
percent above the 147.9 thousand reported in 1987.

The leading States in employment in 1992 were Arkansas, Georgia, Alabama,
and North Carolina, accounting for approximately 46 percent of the
industry's employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987 when they
accounted for 44 percent of the industry's employment.

The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry
was $23.8 billion.

Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well
as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have
some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts.
Industry 2015 shipped $22.7 billion of poultry products considered primary
to the industry, $327.4 million of secondary products, and had $721.1
million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the
ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary
products shipped by establishments in this industry was 99 percent
(specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 98 percent.

Establishments in this industry also accounted for 97 percent of products
considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually
produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 98 percent.

The products primary to industry 2015, no matter in what industry they were
produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $23.5 billion. For
further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B
and the appendixes.

The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by
establishments classified in the poultry slaughtering and processing
industry amounted to $17.1 billion. Data on specific materials consumed
appear in file MC92F7.

Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 15 employees
were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these
establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports
were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from
administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry
averages. These establishments accounted for 4 percent of the total value
of shipments.