Description of Industries and Summary of Findings INDUSTRY 2051, BREAD, CAKE, AND RELATED PRODUCTS This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing fresh or frozen bread and bread-type rolls and fresh cakes, pies, pastries, and other similar "perishable" bakery products. Establishments primarily engaged in producing "dry" bakery products, such as biscuits, crackers, and cookies are classified in industry 2052. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing frozen bakery products, except bread and bread-type rolls are classified in industry 2053. Establishments producing bakery products primarily for direct sale on the premises to household consumers are classified in retail trade, industry 5461. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2051, Bread, Cake, and Related Products, had employment of 155.1 thousand. The employment figure was 4 percent below the 161.9 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment increased 3 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were California, Illinois, New York, and Pennsylvania, accounting for approximately 31 percent of the industry's employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when California, New York, Pennsylvania, and Texas accounted for approximately 32 percent of the industry's employment. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $18.1 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2051 shipped $14.1 billion of bread, cake, and related products considered primary to the industry, $680.5 million of secondary products, and had $3.3 billion of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 95 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 97 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 97 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 99 percent. The products primary to industry 2051, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $14.6 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the bread, cake, and related products industry amounted to $6.7 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 10 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 7 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2052, COOKIES AND CRACKERS This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing fresh cookies, crackers, pretzels, and similar "dry" bakery products. Establishments primarily engaged in producing other fresh bakery products are classified in industry 2051. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2052, Cookies and Crackers, had employment of 47.2 thousand. The employment figure was 4 percent above the 45.3 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment decreased 4 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Georgia, Illinois, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania. These same States were the leaders in 1987. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $8.7 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2052 shipped $7.1 billion of cookie and cracker products considered primary to the industry, $509.2 million of secondary products, and had $1.1 billion of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 93 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 95 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 94 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio also was 94 percent. The products primary to industry 2052, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $7.5 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the cookies and crackers industry amounted to $3.2 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 15 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 2 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2053, FROZEN BAKERY PRODUCTS, EXCEPT BREAD This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing frozen bakery products, except bread and bread-type rolls. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing frozen bread and bread- type rolls are classified in industry 2051. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2053, Frozen Bakery Products, Except Bread, had employment of 12.7 thousand. The employment figure was 28 percent above the 9.9 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment increased 35 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were California, Michigan, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania. This represents a shift from 1987 when California, Illinois, Michigan, and Pennsylvania were the leading States. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $1.7 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2053 shipped $1.5 billion of frozen bakery products, except bread considered primary to the industry, $175.3 million of secondary products, and had $29.9 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 89 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 93 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 79 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 78 percent. The products primary to industry 2053, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $1.8 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the frozen bakery products, except bread industry amounted to $762.6 million. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 10 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 4 percent of the total value of shipments.