Description of Industries and Summary of Findings INDUSTRY 2061, RAW CANE SUGAR This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing raw sugar, syrup, and molasses, and finished (granulated or clarified) cane sugar from sugarcane. Establishments primarily engaged in refining sugar from purchased raw cane sugar or sugar syrup are classified in industry 2062. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2061, Raw Cane Sugar, had employment of 7.0 thousand. The employment figure was 13 percent above the 6.2 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment increased 13 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Florida, Hawaii, Louisiana, and Texas. These same States were the leaders in 1987. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $1.5 billion. The products primary to industry 2061, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $1.4 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the raw cane sugar industry amounted to $887.6 million. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. No establishments in this industry were excluded from the mail portion of the census. However, for a small number of establishments, reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated. For these establishments data were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for less than 1 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2062, CANE SUGAR REFINING This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in refining purchased raw cane sugar and sugar syrup. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2062, Cane Sugar Refining, had employment of 4.8 thousand. The employment figure was 13 percent below the 5.5 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were California, Louisiana, and New York. These same States were the leaders in 1987. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $2.8 billion. The products primary to industry 2062, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $2.9 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the cane sugar refining industry amounted to $2.1 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. No establishments in this industry were excluded from the mail portion of the census. However, for a small number of establishments, reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated. For these establishments data were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for less than 1 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2063, BEET SUGAR This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing sugar from sugar beets. Establishments primarily engaged in the manufacturing of raw cane sugar are classified in industry 2061. Establishments primarily engaged in cane sugar refining are classified in industry 2062. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2063, Beet Sugar, had employment of 7.6 thousand. The employment figure was 4 percent below the 7.9 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment was unchanged. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were California, Idaho, Michigan, and Minnesota. These same States were the leaders in 1987. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $2.3 billion. The products primary to industry 2063, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $2.2 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the beet sugar industry amounted to $1.6 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. No establishments in this industry were excluded from the mail portion of the census. However, for a small number of establishments, reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated. For these establishments data were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for less than 1 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2064, CANDY AND OTHER CONFECTIONERY PRODUCTS AND INDUSTRY 2067, CHEWING GUM This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing candy, including chocolate candy, other confections, and related products. Also included in this industry are establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing chewing gum or chewing gum base. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing solid chocolate bars from cacao beans are classified in industry 2066. Establishments primarily engaged in roasting and salting nuts and seeds are classified in industry 2068. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2064, Candy and Other Confectionery Products, and Industry 2067, Chewing Gum, were combined. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2064, Candy and Other Confectionery Products, and Industry 2067, Chewing Gum, had employment of 51.5 thousand. The leading States in employment in 1992 were California, Illinois, Pennsylvania and Tennessee. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $10.2 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2064 shipped $9.5 billion of candy and other confectionery products and chewing gum considered primary to the industry, $238.2 million of secondary products, and had $489.2 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 98 percent (specialization ratio). Establishments in this industry also accounted for 94 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). The products primary to industry 2064, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $10.1 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the candy and other confectionery products and chewing gum industry amounted to $3.9 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in industry 2064 with less than 15 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. No establishments in industry 2067 were excluded from the mail portion of the census. However, for a small number of establishments, reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated. For these establishments data were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. For industries 2064 and 2067, these establishments accounted for 7 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2066, CHOCOLATE AND COCOA PRODUCTS This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in shelling, roasting, and grinding cacao beans for the purpose of making chocolate liquor from which cocoa powder and cocoa butter are derived, and in the further manufacture of solid chocolate bars, chocolate coatings, and other chocolate and cocoa products. Also included is the manufacture of similar products, except candy, from purchased chocolate or cocoa. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing candy from purchased cocoa products are classified in industry 2064. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2066, Chocolate and Cocoa Products, had employment of 9.9 thousand. The employment figure was 10 percent below the 11.0 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment decreased 9 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were California, New York, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin, accounting for approximately 86 percent of the industry's employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987 when they accounted for 80 percent of the industry's employment. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $3.1 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2066 shipped $2.9 billion of chocolate and cocoa products considered primary to the industry, $163.9 million of secondary products, and had $91.9 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 95 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 93 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 92 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 91 percent. The products primary to industry 2066, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $3.1 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the chocolate and cocoa products industry amounted to $1.6 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 5 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 5 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2068, SALTED AND ROASTED NUTS AND SEEDS This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing salted, roasted, dried, cooked, or canned nuts, or in processing grains or seeds in a similar manner for snack purposes. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing confectionery-coated nuts are classified in industry 2064. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing peanut butter are classified in industry 2099. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2068, Salted and Roasted Nuts and Seeds, had employment of 10.4 thousand. The employment figure was 18 percent above the 8.8 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were California, Georgia, North Carolina, and Virginia. This represents a shift from 1987 when California, Georgia, Minnesota, and North Carolina were the leading States. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $2.8 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2068 shipped $2.5 billion of salted and roasted nuts and seeds considered primary to the industry, $277.4 million of secondary products, and had $45.4 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 90 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 91 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 94 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio also was 94 percent. The products primary to industry 2068, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $2.7 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the salted and roasted nuts and seeds industry amounted to $1.8 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 15 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 6 percent of the total value of shipments.