Description of Industries and Summary of Findings INDUSTRY 2281, YARN SPINNING MILLS This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in spinning yarn wholly or chiefly by weight of cotton, manmade fibers, silk, wool, mohair, or similar animal fibers. Establishments primarily engaged in dyeing or finishing purchased yarns or finishing yarns on a commission basis are classified in industry 2231 if the yarns are of wool and in industry 2269 if they are of other fibers. Establishments primarily engaged in producing specialty yarns or producing spun yarns of other fibers are classified in industry 2299. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2281, Yarn Spinning Mills, had employment of 68.7 thousand. The employment figure was 23 percent below the 89.0 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina, accounting for approximately 79 percent of the industry's employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987 when they accounted for 81 percent of the industry's employment. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was 7.7 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2281 shipped 7.4 billion of yarn spinning mills products considered primary to the industry, 264.7 million of secondary products, and had 49.3 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 97 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 95 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 95 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 91 percent. The products primary to industry 2281, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to 7.8 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the yarn spinning mills industry amounted to 4.8 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 15 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 2 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2282, THROWING AND WINDING MILLS This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in texturizing, throwing, twisting, winding, or spooling purchased yarns or manmade fiber filaments wholly or chiefly by weight of cotton, manmade fibers, silk, or wool, mohair or similar animal fibers, or in performing such activities on a commission basis. Establishments primarily engaged in dyeing or finishing purchased yarns or finishing yarns on a commission basis are classified in industry 2231 if the yarns are of wool and in industry 2269 if they are of other fibers. Establishments primarily engaged in producing and texturing manmade fiber filaments and yarns in the same plant are classified in industries 2823 or 2834. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2282, Throwing and Winding Mills, had employment of 17.3 thousand. The employment figure was 5 percent below the 18.3 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment decreased 3 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading State in employment in 1992 was North Carolina , accounting for approximately 36 percent of the industry's employment. This same State was the leader in 1987 when it accounted for 41 percent of the industry's employment. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was 2.8 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2282 shipped 2.6 billion of throwing and winding mills products considered primary to the industry, 204.7 million of secondary products, and had 13.6 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 93 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 92 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 84 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 86 percent. The products primary to industry 2282, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to 3.0 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the throwing and winding mills industry amounted to 1.9 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 15 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 2 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2284, THREAD MILLS This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing thread of cotton, silk, manmade fibers, wool, or similar animal fibers. Important products of this industry include sewing, crochet, darning, embroidery, tatting, handknitting, and other handicraft threads. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing thread of flax, hemp, and ramie are classified in industry 2299. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2284, Thread Mills, had employment of 6.2 thousand. The employment figure was 5 percent below the 6.5 thousand reported in 1987. The leading State in employment in 1992 was North Carolina , accounting for approximately 50 percent of the industry's employment. This same State was the leader in 1987 when it accounted for 46 percent of the industry's employment. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was 837.0 million. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2284 shipped 815.6 million of Thread Mills products considered primary to the industry, 17.8 million of secondary products, and had 3.6 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 98 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 96 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 98 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 89 percent. The products primary to industry 2284, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to 832.6 million. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the thread mills industry amounted to 511.7 million. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 20 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 3 percent of the total value of shipments.