Description of Industries and Summary of Findings

INDUSTRY 2611, PULP MILLS

This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in
manufacturing pulp from wood or from other materials, such as rags,
linters, wastepaper, and straw. Establishments engaged in integrated
logging and pulp mill operations are classified according to the primary
products shipped. Establishments engaged in integrated operations of
producing pulp and manufacturing paperboard or products thereof are
classified in industry 2621 if primarily shipping paper or paper products;
in industry 2631, if primarily shipping paperboard or paperboard products;
and in industry 2611, if primarily shipping pulp.  Establishments primarily
engaged in cutting pulpwood are classified in industry 2411.

The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title
also are the same.

In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2611, Pulp Mills, had
employment of 15.9 thousand. The employment figure was 12 percent above the
14.2 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment decreased 5
percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of
manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between
censuses.

The leading States in employment in 1992 were Georgia, Florida, North
Carolina, and Washington. These same States were the leaders in 1987.

The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry
was $5.5 billion.

Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well
as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have
some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts.
Industry 2611 shipped $4.4 billion of pulp mill products considered primary
to the industry, $1.0 billion of secondary products, and had $53.7 million
of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of
primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products
shipped by establishments in this industry was 81 percent (specialization
ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 87 percent.

Establishments in this industry also accounted for 72 percent of products
considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually
produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 69 percent.

The products primary to industry 2611, no matter in what industry they were
produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $6.1 billion. For further
explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the
appendixes.

The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by
establishments classified in the pulp mill industry amounted to $3.0
billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7.

No establishments in this industry were excluded from the mail portion of
the census. However, for a small number of establishments, reports were not
received at the time the data were tabulated. For these establishments data
were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed
from industry averages. These establishments accounted for less than 1
percent of the total value of shipments.