Description of Industries and Summary of Findings INDUSTRY 2671, PAPER COATED AND LAMINATED, PACKAGING This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing coated or laminated flexible materials made of combinations of paper, plastics film, and similar materials (excluding textiles) for packaging purposes. These are made from purchased sheet materials or plastics resins and may be printed in the same establishment. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing coated or laminated paper for other purposes are classified in industry 2672, including establishments manufacturing all gummed or pressure sensitive tape; those manufacturing unsupported plastics film are classified in industry 3081; those manufacturing or converting aluminum foil are classified in industry 3497; and those manufacturing paper from pulp are classified in industry 2621. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2671, Paper Coated and Laminated, Packaging, had employment of 17.3 thousand. The employment figure was 15 percent above the 15.0 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment increased 12 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Wisconsin, Illinois, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee, accounting for approximately 42 percent of the industry's employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when Wisconsin, Indiana, Pennsylvania, and Illinois accounted for approximately 42 percent of the industry's employment. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $3.5 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2671 shipped $3.0 billion of coated and laminated paper and film packaging products considered primary to the industry, $456.4 million of secondary products, and had $44.8 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 87 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 85 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 85 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 82 percent. The products primary to industry 2671, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $3.5 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the paper coated and laminated, packaging, industry amounted to $2.1 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 15 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 4 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2672, PAPER COATED AND LAMINATED, N.E.C. This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing coated, laminated, or processed paper and film from purchased paper, except for packaging. Also included are establishments primarily manufacturing gummed paper products and pressure sensitive tape with backing of any material other than rubber, for any application. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing coated and laminated paper for packaging are classified in industry 2671; those manufacturing carbon paper are classified in industry 3995; and those manufacturing photographic and blueprint paper are classified in industry 3861. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2672, Paper Coated and Laminated, N.E.C., had employment of 32.4 thousand. The employment figure was 5 percent above the 30.9 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment decreased 5 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Illinois, Ohio, Wisconsin, and Pennsylvania, accounting for approximately 36 percent of the industry's employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when Massachusetts, Ohio, Illinois, and Pennsylvania accounted for approximately 38 percent of the industry's employment. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $7.7 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2672 shipped $6.6 billion of coated and laminated paper products, not elsewhere classified, considered primary to the industry, $912.4 million of secondary products, and had $209.9 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 88 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 87 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 88 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 87 percent. The products primary to industry 2672, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $7.4 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the paper coated and laminated, not elsewhere classified, industry amounted to $4.1 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 15 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 8 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2673, BAGS: PLASTICS, LAMINATED, AND COATED This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing bags of unsupported plastics film, coated paper, metal foil, or laminated combinations of these materials, whether or not printed. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing uncoated paper bags and multiwall bags and sacks are classified in industry 2674; those manufacturing textile bags are classified in industry 2393; and those manufacturing garment storage bags, except of plastics film and paper, are classified in industry 2392. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2673, Bags: Plastics, Laminated, and Coated, had employment of 38.7 thousand. The employment figure was 6 percent above the 36.6 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment increased 9 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Illinois, Texas, New York, and California, accounting for approximately 35 percent of the industry's employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when New York, Texas, Illinois, and Georgia accounted for approximately 41 percent of the industry's employment. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $5.7 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2673 shipped $4.8 billion of bags: plastics, laminated, and coated, products considered primary to the industry, $769.9 million of secondary products, and had $161.2 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 86 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 81 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 89 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 91 percent. The products primary to industry 2673, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $5.4 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the bags: plastics, laminated, and coated, industry amounted to $2.9 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 15 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 8 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2674, BAGS: UNCOATED PAPER AND MULTIWALL This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing uncoated paper bags, or manufacturing multiwall bags and sacks, whether or not coated or containing plastics film or metal foil. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing bags from plastics, unsupported film, foil, coated paper, or laminated or coated combinations of these materials, are classified in industry 2673; and those manufacturing textile bags are classified in industry 2393. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2674, Bags: Uncoated Paper and Multiwall, had employment of 18.6 thousand. The employment figure was 9 percent above the 17.1 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, and Georgia, accounting for approximately 35 percent of the industry's employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when Arkansas, Illinois, Georgia, and Tennessee accounted for approximately 33 percent of the industry's employment. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $2.8 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2674 shipped $2.5 billion of uncoated paper and multiwall bags considered primary to the industry, $240.5 million of secondary products, and had $104.2 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 91 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 94 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 96 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 95 percent. The products primary to industry 2674, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $2.6 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the uncoated paper and multiwall bag industry amounted to $1.8 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 20 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 3 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2675, DIE-CUT PAPER AND BOARD This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in die-cutting purchased paper and paperboard; and in manufacturing cardboard by laminating, lining, or surface coating paperboard. Establishments primarily engaged in laminating building paper from purchased paper are classified in industry 2679. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2675, Die-Cut Paper and Board, had employment of 15.6 thousand. The employment figure was 1 percent below the 15.7 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were New York, Illinois, and California, accounting for approximately 33 percent of the industry's employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987 when they accounted for 38 percent of the industry's employment. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $2.0 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2675 shipped $1.7 billion of die-cut paper and board products considered primary to the industry, $99.0 million of secondary products, and had $219.0 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 94 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 90 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 87 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 88 percent. The products primary to industry 2675, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $1.9 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the die-cut paper and board industry amounted to $1.2 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 5 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 8 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2676, SANITARY PAPER PRODUCTS This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing sanitary paper products from purchased paper, such as facial tissues and handkerchiefs, table napkins, toilet paper, towels, disposable diapers, and sanitary napkins and tampons. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2676, Sanitary Paper Products, had employment of 40.5 thousand. The employment figure was 5 percent above the 38.4 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment increased 4 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Georgia, and California, accounting for approximately 43 percent of the industry's employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and California were the leading States. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $15.6 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2676 shipped $14.7 billion of sanitary paper products considered primary to the industry, $668.7 million of secondary products, and had $272.5 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 96 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio also was 96 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 98 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 99 percent. The products primary to industry 2676, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $14.9 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the sanitary paper products industry amounted to $7.4 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 10 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 1 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2677, ENVELOPES This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing envelopes of any description from purchased paper and paperboard. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing stationery are classified in industry 2678. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2677, Envelopes, had employment of 24.9 thousand. The employment figure was 10 percent below the 27.6 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were New York, California, Illinois, and Missouri, accounting for approximately 33 percent of the industry's employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when New York, California, Illinois, and Massachusetts accounted for approximately 39 percent of the industry's employment. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $2.9 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2677 shipped $2.6 billion of envelopes considered primary to the industry, $96.1 million of secondary products, and had $202.6 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 96 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 98 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 96 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio also was 96 percent. The products primary to industry 2677, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $2.7 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the envelopes industry amounted to $1.5 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 15 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 13 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2678, STATIONERY PRODUCTS This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing stationery, tablets, looseleaf fillers, and related items from purchased paper. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing envelopes are classified in industry 2677. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2678, Stationery Products, had employment of 9.5 thousand. The employment figure was 15 percent below the 11.2 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Pennsylvania, Missouri, California, and Massachusetts. This represents a shift from 1987 when Pennsylvania, Missouri, Massachusetts, and New York were the leading States. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $1.4 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2678 shipped $1.1 billion of stationery products considered primary to the industry, $271.6 million of secondary products, and had $101.3 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 79 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 74 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 82 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 74 percent. The products primary to industry 2678, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $1.3 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the stationery products industry amounted to $730.7 million. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 10 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 19 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2679, CONVERTED PAPER PRODUCTS, N.E.C. This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing miscellaneous converted paper or paperboard products, not elsewhere classified, from purchased paper or paperboard. Also included in this industry are pressed and molded pulp goods, such as papier-mache articles other than statuary and art goods. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2679, Converted Paper Products, N.E.C., had employment of 31.6 thousand. The employment figure was 7 percent above the 29.6 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Tennessee, Pennsylvania, New York, and California, accounting for approximately 35 percent of the industry's employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987 when they accounted for 37 percent of the industry's employment. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $4.4 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2679 shipped $3.7 billion of converted paper products, not elsewhere classified, considered primary to the industry, $442.7 million of secondary products, and had $338.4 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 89 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 91 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 88 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 89 percent. The products primary to industry 2679, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $4.2 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the converted paper products, not elsewhere classified, industry amounted to $2.3 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 5 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 14 percent of the total value of shipments.