Description of Industries and Summary of Findings

INDUSTRY 2731, BOOK PUBLISHING

This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in publishing
or in publishing and printing books and pamphlets.  Establishments
primarily engaged in printing or printing and binding books and pamphlets
for publishers, but not publishing themselves, are classified in industry
2732. Industry 2731 also includes data on book publishing activities
obtained from nonprofit organizations whose employees are covered under the
Social Security system and were able to report their book publishing
operations as a separate establishment.

The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title
also are the same.

In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2731, Book Publishing, had
employment of 79.6 thousand. The employment figure was 14 percent above the
70.1 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment increased 3
percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of
manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between
censuses.

The leading States in employment in 1992 were New York, California, New
Jersey, and Minnesota, accounting for approximately 50 percent of the
industry's employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when New York,
California, Illinois, and New Jersey accounted for approximately 54 percent
of the industry's employment.

The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry
was $16.7 billion.

Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well
as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have
some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts.
Industry 2731 shipped $14.1 billion of products considered primary to the
industry, $1.3 billion of secondary products, and had $1.4 billion of
miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work.  Thus, the ratio of
primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products
shipped by establishments in this industry was 92 percent (specialization
ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio also was 92 percent.

Establishments in this industry also accounted for 95 percent of products
considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually
produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio also was 95 percent.

The products primary to industry 2731, no matter in what industry they were
produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $14.8 billion. For
further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B
and the appendixes.

The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by
establishments classified in the book publishing industry amounted to $5.3
billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7.

Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 5 employees
were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these
establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports
were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from
administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry
averages. These establishments accounted for 13 percent of the total value
of shipments.


INDUSTRY 2732, BOOK PRINTING

This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in printing or
in printing and binding books and pamphlets, but not engaged in publishing.
Establishments primarily engaged in publishing, or in publishing and
printing books and pamphlets are classified in industry 2731.
Establishments engaged in both printing and binding books, but primarily
binding books printed elsewhere, are classified in industry 2789.
Establishments classified in industry 2732 are similar in character to some
establishments primarily engaged in commercial printing (industries 2752,
2754, and 2759). The distinction is that all the establishments classified
in industry 2732 derive the greater part of their revenue from printing
books and pamphlets, while such operations are secondary activities for
establishments classified in industries 2752, 2754, and 2759.

The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title
also are the same.

In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2732, Book Printing, had
employment of 50.9 thousand. The employment figure was 17 percent above the
43.5 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment increased 5
percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of
manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between
censuses.

The leading States in employment in 1992 were Pennsylvania, Indiana, and
Tennessee. This represents a shift from 1987 when Pennsylvania, Tennessee,
and Massachusetts were the leading States.

The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry
was $4.7 billion.

Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well
as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have
some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts.
Industry 2732 shipped $4.0 billion of products considered primary to the
industry, $514.1 million of secondary products, and had $131.3 million of
miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work.  Thus, the ratio of
primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products
shipped by establishments in this industry was 89 percent (specialization
ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio also was 89 percent.

Establishments in this industry also accounted for 85 percent of products
considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually
produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 88 percent.

The products primary to industry 2732, no matter in what industry they were
produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $4.7 billion. For further
explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the
appendixes.

The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by
establishments classified in the book printing industry amounted to $1.9
billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7.

Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 10 employees
were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these
establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports
were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from
administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry
averages. These establishments accounted for 6 percent of the total value
of shipments.