Description of Industries and Summary of Findings

INDUSTRY 2761, MANIFOLD BUSINESS FORMS

This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in designing
and printing, by any process, special forms for use in the operation of a
business, in single and multiple sets, including carbonized or interleaved
with carbon or otherwise processed for multiple reproduction. It also
includes establishments engaged in the manufacture of manifold books,
including pegboard accounting systems.

The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title
also are the same.

In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2761, Manifold Business Forms,
had employment of 47.9 thousand. The employment figure was 10 percent below
the 53.3 thousand reported in 1987.

The leading States in employment in 1992 were Pennsylvania, California,
Texas, and Illinois, accounting for approximately 32 percent of the
industry's employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987 when they
accounted for 33 percent of the industry's employment.

The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry
was $7.4 billion.

Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well
as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have
some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts.
Industry 2761 shipped $6.5 billion of products considered primary to the
industry, $498.7 million of secondary products, and had $437.9 million of
miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work.  Thus, the ratio of
primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products
shipped by establishments in this industry was 93 percent (specialization
ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 94 percent.

Establishments in this industry also accounted for 96 percent of products
considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually
produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 97 percent.

The products primary to industry 2761, no matter in what industry they were
produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $6.8 billion. For further
explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the
appendixes.

The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by
establishments classified in the manifold business forms industry amounted
to $3.5 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7.

Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 20 employees
were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these
establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports
were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from
administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry
averages. These establishments accounted for 16 percent of the total value
of shipments.