Description of Industries and Summary of Findings INDUSTRY 2812, ALKALIES AND CHLORINE This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing alkalies and chlorine. Establishments primarily engaged in mining natural alkalies are classified in mining, industry 1474. Products of this industry also are collected in the Current Industrial Report (CIR) MA-28A, Inorganic Chemicals (annual and quarterly reports). For information regarding the CIR, see Contacts for Data Users at the end of the Census of Manufactures section. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2812, Alkalies and Chlorine, had employment of 8.0 thousand. The employment figure was 60 percent above the 5.0 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment increased 6 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Louisiana, New York, Texas, and West Virginia, accounting for approximately 63 percent of the industry's employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when West Virginia, Louisiana, Texas, and Alabama accounted for approximately 55 percent of the industry's employment. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $2.8 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2812 shipped $2.1 billion of alkalies and chlorine considered primary to the industry, $653.2 million of secondary products, and had $28.3 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 76 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 86 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 75 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 65 percent. The products primary to industry 2812, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $2.8 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the alkalies and chlorine industry amounted to $1.4 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 10 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for less than 1 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2813, INDUSTRIAL GASES This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing industrial gases (including organic) for sale in compressed, liquid, and solid forms. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing fluorine and sulfur dioxide are classified in industry 2819; those manufacturing household ammonia are classified in industry 2842; those manufacturing other ammonia are classified in industry 2873; those manufacturing chlorine are classified in industry 2812; and those manufacturing fluorocarbon gases are classified in industry 2869. Distributors of industrial gases and establishments primarily engaged in shipping liquid oxygen are classified in wholesale trade, industry 5169. Products of this industry also are collected in the Current Industrial Reports (CIR) MA-28C and MQ-28C, Industrial Gases (annual and quarterly reports). For information regarding the CIR, see Contacts for Data Users at the end of the Census of Manufactures section. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2813, Industrial Gases, had employment of 7.7 thousand. The employment figure was 5 percent below the 8.1 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were California, Texas, and Ohio. These same States were the leaders in 1987. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $3.1 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2813 shipped $2.9 billion of industrial gases considered primary to the industry, $119.3 million of secondary products, and had $50.4 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 96 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 98 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 94 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio also was 94 percent. The products primary to industry 2813, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $3.1 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the industrial gases industry amounted to $1.0 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 15 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 5 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2816, INORGANIC PIGMENTS This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing inorganic pigments. Important products of this industry include black pigments, except carbon black, white pigments, and color pigments. Organic color pigments, except animal black and bone black, are classified in industry 2865, and those manufacturing carbon black are classified in industry 2895. Products of this industry also are collected in the Current Industrial Reports (CIR) MA-28A, MQ-28A, and M-28AT, Inorganic Chemicals (annual, quarterly, and monthly reports). For information regarding the CIR, see Contacts for Data Users at the end of the Census of Manufactures section. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2816, Inorganic Pigments, had employment of 8.6 thousand. The employment figure was 4 percent above the 8.3 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment increased 2 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Mississippi, Maryland, Tennessee, and Georgia, accounting for approximately 50 percent of the industry's employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when Maryland, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Mississippi accounted for approximately 50 percent of the industry's employment. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $3.3 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2816 shipped $3.1 billion of inorganic pigments considered primary to the industry, $153.9 million of secondary products, and had $64.5 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 95 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 94 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 89 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio also was 89 percent. The products primary to industry 2816, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $3.5 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the inorganic pigments industry amounted to $1.3 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 10 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 2 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2819, INDUSTRIAL INORGANIC CHEMICALS, N.E.C. This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing industrial inorganic chemicals, not elsewhere classified. Establishments primarily engaged in mining, milling, or otherwise preparing natural potassium, sodium, or boron compounds (other than common salt) are classified in industry 1474. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing household bleaches are classified in industry 2842; those manufacturing phosphoric acid are classified in industry 2874; and those manufacturing nitric acid, anhydrous ammonia, and other nitrogenous fertilizer materials are classified in industry 2873. Products of this industry also are collected in the Current Industrial Reports (CIR) MA-28A and MQ-28A, Inorganic Chemicals (annual and quarterly), and MA-28B and MQ- 28B, Inorganic Fertilizer Materials and Related Products (annual and quarterly). Beginning with 1954, statistics include information for government-owed, contractor-operated (GOCO) establishments, but exclude the activities of government-owned and/or operated plants. General statistics are shown for all plants (private and government) in table 1a and for privately owned and operated plants only in table 8. Data for all materials consumed, except fuels and electric energy, as well as data for fixed assets, capital expenditures, and inventories are excluded for the GOCO plants because these are paid for by current billings to the U.S. Government. Value of shipments and value added by manufacture have been estimated for the GOCO plants from averages reported for commercial establishments in prior years. These establishments represent 49 percent of the industry's employment in 1992, compared with 47 percent in 1987. For information regarding the CIR, see Contacts for Data Users at the end of the Census of Manufactures section. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2819, Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, N.E.C., had employment of 79.1 thousand. The employment figure was 10 percent above the 72.2 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were South Carolina, Tennessee, Washington, and Texas. This represents a shift from 1987 when South Carolina, Tennessee, Washington, and Ohio were the leading States. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $18.2 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2819 shipped $10.5 billion of industrial inorganic chemicals, not elsewhere classified, considered primary to the industry, $979.2 million of secondary products, and had $6.7 billion of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 91 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio also was 91 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 82 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 80 percent. The products primary to industry 2819, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $12.7 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the industrial inorganic chemicals, not elsewhere classified , industry amounted to $7.0 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 15 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 5 percent of the total value of shipments.