Description of Industries and Summary of Findings INDUSTRY 2821, PLASTICS MATERIALS AND RESINS This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in synthetic resins, plastics materials, and nonvulcanizable elastomers. Important products of this industry include: cellulose plastics materials; phenolic and other tar acid resins; urea and melamine resins; vinyl resins; styrene resins; alkyd resins; acrylic resins; polyethylene resins; polypropylene resins; rosin modified resins; coumarone-indene and petroleum polymer resins; miscellaneous resins, including polyamide resins, silicones, polyisobutylenes, polyesters, polycarbonate resins, acetal resins, and fluorohydrocarbon resins; and casein plastics. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing fabricated plastics products or plastics film, sheet, rod, nontextile monofilaments and regenerated cellulose products, and vulcanized fiber are classified in industry group 308, whether from purchased resins or from resins produced in the same plant. Establishments primarily engaged in compounding purchased resins are classified in industry 3087. Establishments primarily manufacturing adhesives are classified in industry 2891. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2821, Plastics Materials and Resins, had employment of 60.4 thousand. The employment figure was 7 percent above the 56.3 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Illinois, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Texas. This represents a shift from 1987 when Texas, Pennsylvania, Illinois, and West Virginia were the leading States in employment. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $31.3 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2821 shipped $26.4 billion of plastics materials and resins products considered primary to the industry, $4.3 billion of secondary products, and had $523.7 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 86 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 88 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 80 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 81 percent. The products primary to industry 2821, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $33.0 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the plastics materials and resins industry amounted to $18.8 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. No establishments in this industry were excluded from the mail portion of the census. However, for a small number of establishments, reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated. For these establishments, data were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for less than 1 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2822, SYNTHETIC RUBBER This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing synthetic rubber by polymerization or copolymerization. An elastomer, for the purpose of this classification, is a rubber-like material capable of vulcanization, such as copolymers of butadiene and styrene, or butadiene and acrylonitrile, polybutadiene, chloroprene rubbers, and isobutylene-isoprene copolymers. Butadiene copolymers containing less than 50 percent butadiene are classified in industry 2821. Natural chlorinated rubbers and cyclized rubbers are considered as semifinished products and are classified in industry 3069. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2822, Synthetic Rubber, had employment of 11.7 thousand. The employment figure was 13 percent above the 10.4 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment increased 2 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Louisiana, New York, Ohio, and Texas. These same States were the leaders in 1987. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $4.2 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2822 shipped $3.2 billion of synthetic rubber products considered primary to the industry, $848.0 million of secondary products, and had $135.6 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 79 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio also was 79 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 75 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 72 percent. The products primary to industry 2822, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $4.3 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the synthetic rubber industry amounted to $2.3 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 5 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 1 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2823, CELLULOSIC MANMADE FIBERS This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing cellulosic fibers (including cellulose acetate and regenerated cellulose such as rayon by the viscose or cuprammonium process) in the form of monofilament, yarn, staple, or tow suitable for further manufacturing on spindles, looms, knitting machines, or other textile processing equipment. Certain products primary to industry 2823 also are primary to industry 2282. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2823, Cellulosic Manmade Fibers, had employment of 11.0 thousand. The employment figure was 5 percent above the 10.5 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment increased 5 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $1.7 billion. The products primary to industry 2823, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $1.7 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the cellulosic manmade fibers industry amounted to $950.3 million. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. INDUSTRY 2824, ORGANIC FIBERS, NONCELLULOSIC This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing manmade organic fibers, except cellulosic (including those of regenerated proteins and of polymers or copolymers of such components as vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, linear esters, vinyl alcohols, acrylonitrile, ethylenes, amides, and related polymeric materials), in the form of monofilament, yarn, staple, or tow suitable for further manufacturing on spindles, looms, knitting machines, or other textile processing equipment. Certain products primary to industry 2824 also are primary to industry 2282. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing textile glass fibers are classified in industry 3229. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2824, Organic Fibers, Noncellulosic, had employment of 44.4 thousand. The employment figure was 2 percent below the 45.4 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment decreased 5 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and Tennessee accounting for approximately 77 percent of the industry's employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987 when they accounted for 80 percent of the industry's employment. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $11.1 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2824 shipped $9.0 billion of noncellulosic organic fibers considered primary to the industry, $2.1 billion of secondary products, and had $27.7 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 81 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 86 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 97 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio also was 97 percent. The products primary to industry 2824, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $9.2 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the noncellulosic organic fibers industry amounted to $5.3 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. No establishments in this industry were excluded from the mail portion of the census. However, for a small number of establishments, reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated. For these establishments data were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for less than 1 percent of the total value of shipments.