Description of Industries and Summary of Findings INDUSTRY 2833, MEDICINALS AND BOTANICALS This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing bulk organic and inorganic medicinal chemicals and their derivatives, and (2) processing (grading, grinding, and milling) bulk botanical drugs and herbs. Included in this industry are establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing agar-agar and similar products of natural origin, endocrine products, manufacturing or isolating basic vitamins, and isolating active medicinal principals such as alkaloids from botanical drugs and herbs. Products of this industry also are collected in the U.S. International Trade Commission Report, Synthetic Organic Chemicals. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2833, Medicinals and Botanicals, had employment of 13.0 thousand. The employment figure was 12 percent above the 11.6 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were New Jersey, Indiana, Virginia, and Pennsylvania, accounting for approximately 59 percent of the industry's employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when New Jersey, Missouri, California, and Indiana accounted for approximately 62 percent of the industry's employment. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $6.4 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2833 shipped $5.8 billion of medicinals and botanicals considered primary to the industry, $431.5 million of secondary products, and had $206.0 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 93 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 91 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 83 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 69 percent. The products primary to industry 2833, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $6.9 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the medicinals and botanicals industry amounted to $3.2 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 15 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 2 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2834, PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing, fabricating, or processing drugs in pharmaceutical preparations for human or veterinary use. The greater part of the products of these establishments are finished in the form intended for final consumption, such as ampoules, tablets, capsules, vials, ointments, medicinal powders, solutions, and suspensions. Products of this industry consist of two important lines, namely: (1) pharmaceutical preparations promoted primarily to the dental, medical, or veterinary professions, and (2) pharmaceutical preparations promoted primarily to the public. Products of this industry also are collected in the Current Industrial Report MA- 28G, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Except Biologicals. For information regarding the CIR, see Contracts for Data Users at the end of the Census of Manufactures section. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2834, Pharmaceutical Preparations, had employment of 122.8 thousand. The employment figure was 7 percent below the 131.6 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and California, accounting for approximately 49 percent of the industry's employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when New Jersey, Indiana, Pennsylvania, and New York accounted for approximately 49 percent of the industry's employment. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $50.4 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2834 shipped $41.1 billion of pharmaceutical preparations considered primary to the industry, $3.7 billion of secondary products, and had $5.6 billion of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 92 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 90 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 95 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 97 percent. The products primary to industry 2834, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $43.1 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the pharmaceutical preparations industry amounted to $13.5 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 15 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 2 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2835, DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing in vitro and in vivo diagnostic substances, whether or not packaged for retail sale. These materials are chemical, biological, or radioactive substances used in diagnosing or monitoring the state of human or veterinary health by identifying and measuring normal or abnormal constituents of body fluids or tissues. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2835, Diagnostic Substances, had employment of 39.8 thousand. The employment figure was 158 percent above the 15.4 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment increased 30 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were California, Maryland, Massachusetts, and Missouri, accounting for approximately 33 percent of the industry's employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when California, Maryland, New Jersey, and New York accounted for approximately 64 percent of the industry's employment. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $6.8 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2835 shipped $5.2 billion of diagnostic substances considered primary to the industry, $1.1 billion of secondary products, and had $538.4 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 83 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 89 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 84 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 68 percent. The products primary to industry 2835, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $6.2 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the diagnostic substances industry amounted to $1.7 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 10 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 4 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2836, BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS, EXCEPT DIAGNOSTIC This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in the production of bacterial and virus vaccines, toxoids, and analogous products (such as allergenic extracts), serums, plasmas, and other blood derivatives for human or veterinary use, other than in vitro and in vivo diagnostic substances. Included in this industry are establishments primarily engaged in the production of microbiological products for other uses. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing in vitro and in vivo diagnostic substances are classified in industry 2835. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2836, Biological Products, Except Diagnostic, had employment of 18.4 thousand. The employment figure was 38 percent above the 13.3 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were California, New York, Nebraska, and North Carolina, accounting for approximately 46 percent of the industry's employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when California, Iowa, Illinois, and Nebraska accounted for approximately 43 percent of the industry's employment. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $4.0 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2836 shipped $3.3 billion of biological products, except diagnostic, considered primary to the industry, $376.2 million of secondary products, and had $269.6 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 90 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 87 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 74 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 75 percent. The products primary to industry 2836, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $4.5 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the biologicals products, except diagnostic, industry amounted to $1.3 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 15 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 10 percent of the total value of shipments.