Description of Industries and Summary of Findings INDUSTRY 2861, GUM AND WOOD CHEMICALS This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing hardwood and softwood distillation products, wood and gum naval stores, charcoal, natural dyestuffs, and natural tanning materials. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing synthetic organic tanning materials are classified in industry 2869. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing synthetic organic dyes are classified in industry 2865. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2861, Gum and Wood Chemicals, had employment of 2.5 thousand. The employment figure was 4 percent below the 2.6 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Missouri, Florida, and Louisiana, accounting for approximately 51 percent of the industry's employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when Missouri, Florida, and Virginia accounted for approximately 39 percent of the industry's employment. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $734.6 million. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2861 shipped $615.9 million of gum and wood chemical products considered primary to the industry, $91.2 million of secondary products, and had $27.5 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 87 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio also was 87 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 78 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 73 percent. The products primary to industry 2861, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $790.9 million. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the gum and wood chemicals industry amounted to $352.1 million. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 10 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 10 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2865, CYCLIC CRUDES AND INTERMEDIATES This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing cyclic organic crudes and intermediates, and organic dyes and pigments. Important products of this industry include: (1) aromatic chemicals, such as benzene, toluene, mixed xylenes and napthalene; (2) synthetic organic dyes; and (3) synthetic organic pigments. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing coal tar crudes in chemical recovery ovens are classified in industry 3312, and petroleum refineries which produce such products as byproducts of petroleum refining are classified in industry 2911. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2911, Cyclic Crudes and Intermediates, had employment of 22.2 thousand. The employment figure was 3 percent below the 22.8 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment decreased 6 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina, accounting for approximately 35 percent of the industry's employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when Texas, New Jersey, Ohio, and Illinois were the leading States. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $9.6 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2865 shipped $7.8 billion of cyclic crudes and intermediates considered primary to the industry, $1.3 billion of secondary products, and had $432.9 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 86 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 80 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 61 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio also was 61 percent. The products primary to industry 2865, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $12.8 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the cyclic crudes and intermediates industry amounted to $6.3 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 10 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 4 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2869, INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC CHEMICALS, N.E.C. This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing industrial organic chemicals, not elsewhere classified. Important products of this industry include: (1) aliphatic and other acyclic organic chemicals, such as ethylene, butylene, and butadiene; acetic, chloroacetic, adipic, formic, oxalic, and tartaric acids and their metallic salts; chloral, formaldehyde, and methylamine; (2) solvents, such as amyl, butyl, and ethyl alcohols; methanol; amyl, butyl, and ethyl acetates; ethyl ether, ethylene glycol ether, and diethylene glycol ether; acetone, carbon disulfide and chlorinated solvents, such as carbon tetrachloride, perchloroethylene, and trichloroethylene; (3) polyhydric alcohols, such as ethylene glycol, sorbitol, pentaerythritol, synthetic glycerin; (4) synthetic perfume and flavoring materials, such as coumarin, methyl salicylate, saccharin, citral, citronellal, synthetic geraniol, ionone, terpineol, and synthetic vanillin; (5) rubber processing chemicals, such as accelerators and antioxidants, both cyclic and acyclic; (6) plasticizers, both cyclic and acyclic, such as esters of phosphoric acid, phthalic anhydride, adipic acid, lauric acid, oleic acid, sebacic acid, and stearic acid; (7) synthetic tanning agents, such as naphthalene sulforic acid condensates; (8) chemical warfare gases; and (9) esters, amines, etc., of polyhydic alcohols and fatty and other acids. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing plastics materials and nonvulcanizable elastomers are classified in industry 2821; those manufacturing synthetic rubber are classified in industry 2822; those manufacturing essential oils are classified in industry 2899; those manufacturing wood distillation products, naval stores, and natural dyeing and tanning material are classified in industry 2861; those manufacturing manmade textile fibers are classified in industries 2823 and 2824; those manufacturing specialty cleaning, polishing, and sanitation preparations are classified in industry 2842; those manufacturing urea are classified in industry 2873; those manufacturing organic pigments are classified in industry 2865; those manufacturing inorganic pigments are classified in industry 2816; and those manufacturing aliphatics and aromatics as byproducts of petroleum refining are classified in industry 2911. Distilleries engaged in the manufacture of grain alcohol for beverage purposes are classified in industry 2085. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2869, Industrial Organic Chemicals, N.E.C., had employment of 100.1 thousand. The employment figure was less than 1 percent below the 100.3 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Texas, Louisiana, and New Jersey, accounting for approximately 50 percent of the industry's employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987 when they accounted for 45 percent of the industry's employment. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $54.2 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2869 shipped $39.1 billion of industrial organic chemicals, not elsewhere classified, considered primary to the industry, $12.5 billion of secondary products, and had $2.6 billion of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 76 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 75 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 85 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 84 percent. The products primary to industry 2869, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $46.1 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the industrial organic chemicals, not elsewhere classified industry amounted to $31.9 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 10 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 3 percent of the total value of shipments.