Description of Industries and Summary of Findings INDUSTRY 2891, ADHESIVES AND SEALANTS This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing industrial and household adhesives; glues; caulking compounds; sealants; and linoleum, tile, and rubber cements from vegetable, animal, or synthetic plastics materials purchased or produced in the same establishment. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing gelatin and sizes are classified in industry 2899. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing vegetable gelatin or agar-agar are classified in industry 2833. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2891, Adhesives and Sealants, had employment of 21.1 thousand. The employment figure was 1 percent above the 20.9 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were California, Illinois, New Jersey, and Ohio, accounting for approximately 40 percent of the industry's employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $5.7 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2891 shipped $4.8 billion of adhesives and sealants considered primary to the industry, $510.1 million of secondary products, and had $320.6 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 90 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 91 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 89 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 88 percent. The products primary to industry 2891, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $5.4 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the adhesives and sealants industry amounted to $3.0 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 5 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 9 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2892, EXPLOSIVES This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in explosives. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing ammunition for small arms are classified in industry 3482. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing fireworks are classified in industry 2899. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2892, Explosives, had employment of 11.4 thousand. The employment figure was 17 percent below the 13.8 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment decreased 19 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Virginia, Tennessee, and California. These same States were the leaders in 1987. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $1.3 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2892 shipped $855.7 million of explosives considered primary to the industry. Establishments in this industry accounted for 96 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 94 percent. The products primary to industry 2892, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $892.6 million. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the explosives industry amounted to $402.1 million. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 10 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 7 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2893, PRINTING INK This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing printing ink, including gravure ink, screen process ink, and lithographic ink. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing writing ink and fluids are classified in industry 2899. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing drawing ink are classified in industry 3952. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2893, Printing Ink, had employment of 12.3 thousand. The employment figure was 11 percent above the 11.1 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment increased 14 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Illinois, California, and Ohio, accounting for approximately 30 percent of the industry's employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $3.1 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2893 shipped $2.9 billion of printing ink considered primary to the industry, $58.1 million of secondary products, and had $66.6 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 98 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio also was 98 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 96 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 97 percent. The products primary to industry 2893, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $3.1 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the printing ink industry amounted to $2.0 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 10 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 11 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2895, CARBON BLACK This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing carbon black (channel and furnace black). Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing bone and lamp black are classified in industry 2816. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2895, Carbon Black, had employment of 1.9 thousand. The employment figure was 6 percent above the 1.8 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Texas and Louisiana, accounting for approximately 79 percent of the industry's employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987 when they accounted for 73 percent of the industry's employment. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $606.8 million. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the carbon black industry amounted to $286.8 million. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. No establishments in this industry were excluded from the mail portion of the census. However, for a small number of establishments, reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated. For these establishments data were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 3 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2899, CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS, N.E.C. This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing miscellaneous chemical preparations, not elsewhere classified, such as fatty acids, essential oils, gelatin (except vegetable), sizes, bluing, laundry sours, writing and stamp pad ink, industrial compounds, such as boiler and heat insulating compounds, metal, oil, and water treating compounds, waterproofing compounds, and chemical supplies for foundries. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing vegetable gelatin (agar-agar) are classified in industry 2833. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing dessert preparations based on gelatin are classified in industry 2099. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing printing ink are classified in industry 2893. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing drawing ink are classified in industry 3952. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2899, Chemical Preparations, N.E.C., had employment of 37.1 thousand. The employment figure was 2 percent below the 37.9 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment decreased 6 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Ohio, Texas, and California, accounting for approximately 27 percent of the industry's employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987 when they accounted for 26 percent of the industry's employment. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $10.0 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2899 shipped $8.0 billion of chemical preparations, not elsewhere classified, considered primary to the industry, $1.4 billion of secondary products, and had $563.4 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 85 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 83 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 84 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 85 percent. The products primary to industry 2899, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $9.5 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the chemical preparations, not elsewhere classified, industry amounted to $4.9 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 5 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 12 percent of the total value of shipments.