Description of Industries and Summary of Findings INDUSTRY 2911, PETROLEUM REFINING This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in producing gasoline, kerosene, distillate fuel oils, residual fuel oils, and lubricants, through fractionation or straight distillation of crude oil, redistillation of unfinished petroleum derivatives, cracking, or other processes. Also included in this industry are establishments primarily engaged in producing aliphatic and aromatic chemicals as byproducts. Establishments primarily engaged in producing natural gasoline from natural gas are classified in mining industries. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing lubricating oils and greases by blending and compounding purchased materials are included in industry 2992. Establishments primarily re-refining used lubricating oils are classified in industry 2992. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing cyclic and acyclic organic chemicals are classified in major group 28. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2911, Petroleum Refining, had employment of 74.8 thousand. The employment figure was less than 1 percent above the 74.6 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment increased 1 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Texas, California, and Louisiana, accounting for approximately 55 percent of the industry's employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987 when they accounted for 56 percent of the industry's employment. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $136.2 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2911 shipped $131.3 billion of petroleum refining products considered primary to the industry, $737.6 million of secondary products, and had $4.2 billion of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 99 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio also was 99 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 99 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio also was 99 percent. The products primary to industry 2211, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $131.4 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the petroleum refining industry amounted to $116.9 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. No establishments in this industry were excluded from the mail portion of the census. However, for a small number of establishments, reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated. For these establishments data were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 2 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2951, ASPHALT PAVING MIXTURES AND BLOCKS This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing asphalt and tar paving mixtures. Also included in this industry are establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing paving blocks made of asphalt and various compositions of asphalt or tar with other materials. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing brick, concrete, granite, and stone paving blocks are classified in major group 32. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2951, Asphalt Paving Mixtures and Blocks, had employment of 13.2 thousand. The employment figure was 9 percent below the 14.6 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were New York, California, and Ohio, accounting for approximately 27 percent of the industry's employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $3.8 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2951 shipped $3.4 billion of asphalt paving mixtures and blocks considered primary to the industry, $224.5 million of secondary products, and had $182.2 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 94 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio also was 94 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 94 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio also was 94 percent. The products primary to industry 2951, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $3.6 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the asphalt paving mixtures and blocks industry amounted to $2.4 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 5 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 18 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2952, ASPHALT FELTS AND COATINGS This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing, from purchased materials, asphalt and other saturated felts in roll or shingle form, either smooth or faced with grit, and in manufacturing roofing cements and coatings. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing paint are classified in industry 2851. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing linoleum and tile cement are classified in industry 2891. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2952, Asphalt Felts and Coatings, had employment of 12.4 thousand. The employment figure was 8 percent below the 13.5 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Texas, Ohio, and California, accounting for approximately 31 percent of the industry's employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $3.9 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2952 shipped $3.6 billion of asphalt felts and coatings considered primary to the industry, $158.7 million of secondary products, and had $189.0 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 96 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 97 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 98 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 99 percent. The products primary to industry 2952, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $3.6 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the asphalt felts and coatings industry amounted to $2.4 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 10 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 5 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2992, LUBRICATING OILS AND GREASES This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in blending, compounding, and re-refining lubricating oils and greases from purchased mineral, animal, and vegetable materials. Petroleum refineries primarily engaged in the production of lubricating oils and greases are classified in industry 2911. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2992, Lubricating Oils and Greases, had employment of 11.8 thousand. The employment figure was 5 percent above the 11.2 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were California, Illinois, and Pennsylvania, accounting for approximately 26 percent of the industry's employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $5.1 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2992 shipped $4.6 billion of lubricating oils and greases considered primary to the industry, $326.9 million of secondary products, and had $211.0 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 93 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 95 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 93 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 94 percent. The products primary to industry 2992, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $4.9 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the lubricating oils and greases industry amounted to $3.7 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 5 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 15 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 2999, PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS, N.E.C. This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing packaged fuel, powdered fuel, and other products of petroleum and coal, not elsewhere classified. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 2999, Petroleum and Coal Products, N.E.C., had employment of 2.1 thousand. The employment figure was 11 percent above the 1.9 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment was unchanged. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Pennsylvania, Texas, California, and Illinois, accounting for approximately 43 percent of the industry's employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when Texas, California, Illinois, and Louisiana accounted for approximately 53 percent of the industry's employment. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $849.7 million. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 2999 shipped $735.4 million of petroleum and coal products, not elsewhere classified, considered primary to the industry, $24.3 million of secondary products, and had $90.0 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 97 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 95 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 91 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 94 percent. The products primary to industry 2999, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $809.1 million. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the petroleum and coal products, not elsewhere classified, industry amounted to $504.3 million. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 5 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 11 percent of the total value of shipments.