Description of Industries and Summary of Findings

INDUSTRY 3241, CEMENT, HYDRAULIC

This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in
manufacturing hydraulic cement, including portland, natural, masonry, and
possolana cements.

The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title
also are the same.

In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3241, Cement, Hydraulic, had
employment of 17.0 thousand. The employment figure was 11 percent below the
19.1 thousand reported in 1987.

The leading States in employment in 1992 were California, Pennsylvania,
Texas, and Missouri, accounting for approximately 36 percent of the
industry's employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987 when they
accounted for 37 percent of the industry's employment.

The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry
was $4.1 billion.

Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well
as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have
some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts.
Industry 3241 shipped $3.9 billion of hydraulic cement considered primary
to the industry, $28.0 million of secondary products, and had $127.8
million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the
ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary
products shipped by establishments in this industry was 99 percent
(specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio also was 99
percent.

Establishments in this industry also accounted for 99 percent of products
considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually
produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 98 percent.

The products primary to industry 3241, no matter in what industry they were
produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $3.9 billion. For further
explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the
appendixes.

The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by
establishments classified in the hydraulic cement industry amounted to $1.9
billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7.

Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 10 employees
were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these
establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports
were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from
administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry
averages. These establishments accounted for 8 percent of the total value
of shipments.