Description of Industries and Summary of Findings INDUSTRY 3271, CONCRETE BLOCK AND BRICK This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing concrete building block and brick from a combination of cement and aggregate. Contractors engaged in concrete construction work are classified in Division C, Construction, and establishments primarily engaged in mixing and delivering ready-mixed concrete are classified in industry 3273. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3271, Concrete Block and Brick, had employment of 16.4 thousand. The employment figure was 12 percent below the 18.6 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Pennsylvania, California, Texas, and Michigan. This represents a shift from 1987 when California, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Texas were the leading States. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $2.1 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 3271 shipped $1.5 billion of concrete block and brick considered primary to the industry, $127.0 million of secondary products, and had $451.6 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 92 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 94 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 88 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio also was 88 percent. The products primary to industry 3271, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $1.7 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the concrete block and brick industry amounted to $1.0 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 5 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 14 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 3272, CONCRETE PRODUCTS, N.E.C. This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing concrete products, except block and brick, from a combination of cement and aggregate. Contractors engaged in concrete construction work are classified in Division C, Construction, and establishments primarily engaged in mixing and delivering ready-mixed concrete are classified in industry 3273. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3272, Concrete Products, N.E.C., had employment of 58.9 thousand. The employment figure was 16 percent below the 70.0 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were California, Florida, Texas, and Pennsylvania, accounting for approximately 31 percent of the industry's employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987 when they accounted for 35 percent of the industry's employment. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $5.9 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 3272 shipped $5.4 billion of concrete products, not elsewhere classified, considered primary to the industry, $127.0 million of secondary products, and had $446.0 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 98 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 97 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 96 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 97 percent. The products primary to industry 3272, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $5.6 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the concrete products, not elsewhere classified, industry amounted to $2.6 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 5 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 14 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 3273, READY-MIXED CONCRETE This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing Portland cement concrete manufactured and delivered to a purchaser in a plastic and unhardened state. This industry includes production and sale of central-mixed concrete, shrink-mixed concrete, and truck-mixed concrete. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3273, Ready-Mixed Concrete, had employment of 82.4 thousand. The employment figure was 15 percent below the 96.8 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were California, Texas, Florida, and Ohio, accounting for approximately 28 percent of the industry's employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when California, Texas, Florida, and Arizona accounted for approximately 31 percent of the industry's employment. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $12.0 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 3273 shipped $10.7 billion of ready-mixed concrete considered primary to the industry, $568.3 million of secondary products, and had $731.6 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 95 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio also was 95 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 98 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio also was 98 percent. The products primary to industry 3273, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $10.9 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the ready-mixed concrete industry amounted to $6.7 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 5 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 21 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 3274, LIME This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing quicklime, hydrated lime, and "dead-burned" dolomite from limestone, dolomite shells, or other substances. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3274, Lime, had employment of 5.6 thousand. The employment figure was 2 percent below the 5.7 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Missouri, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas. This represents a shift from 1987 when Kentucky, Missouri, Pennsylvania, and Texas were the leading States. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $903.7 million. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 3274 shipped $800.2 million of lime considered primary to the industry, $89.0 million of secondary products, and had $14.4 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 90 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio also was 90 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 94 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 90 percent. The products primary to industry 3274, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $851.0 million. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the lime industry amounted to $446.2 million. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 10 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 3 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 3275, GYPSUM PRODUCTS This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing plaster, plasterboard, and other products composed wholly or chiefly of gypsum, except articles of plaster of paris and papier mache. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3275, Gypsum Products, had employment of 10.5 thousand. The employment figure was 13 percent below the 12.1 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were California, Iowa, Florida, and Texas, accounting for approximately 32 percent of the industry's employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when California, Indiana, Iowa, and Texas accounted for approximately 34 percent of the industry's employment. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $2.1 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 3275 shipped $1.9 billion of gypsum products considered primary to the industry, $87.2 million of secondary products, and had $79.2 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 96 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 97 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 99 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 98 percent. The products primary to industry 3275, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $1.9 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the gypsum products industry amounted to $1.3 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 15 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 4 percent of the total value of shipments.