Description of Industries and Summary of Findings INDUSTRY 3312, BLAST FURNACES AND STEEL MILLS This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in the manufacturing of hot metal, pig iron, and silvery pig iron from iron ore and iron and steel scrap; converting pig iron, scrap iron, and scrap steel into steel; and in hot-rolling iron and steel into basic shapes, such as plates, sheets, strips, rods, bars, and tubing. Merchant blast furnaces and byproduct or beehive coke ovens are also included in this industry. Certain products primary to industry 3312 also are primary to Industries 3315, Steel Wire and Related Products; 3316, Cold Finishing of Steel Shapes; 3317, Steel Pipe and Tubes; and 3462, Iron and Steel Forgings. Products of this industry also are collected in the Current Industrial Report (CIR) MA-33B, Steel Mill Products. For information regarding the CIR, see Contacts for Data Users at the end of the Census of Manufactures section. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3312, Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills, had employment of 170.6 thousand. The employment figure was 10 percent below the 188.1 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment decreased 4 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Pennsylvania, Indiana, Ohio, and Illinois, accounting for approximately 63 percent of the industry's employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $42.2 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 3312 shipped $41.1 billion of products considered primary to the industry, $675.5 million of secondary products, and had $444.0 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 98 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio also was 98 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 97 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio also was 97 percent. The products primary to industry 3312, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $42.2 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the blast furnace and steel mill industry amounted to $25.4 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. No establishments in this industry were excluded from the mail portion of the census. However, for a small number of establishments, reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated. For these establishments data were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 1 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 3313, ELECTROMETALLURGICAL PRODUCTS This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in the manufacturing of ferro and nonferrous metal additive alloys by electrometallurgical or metallothermic processes, including high percentage ferroalloys and high percentage nonferrous additive alloys. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3313, Electrometallurgical Products, had employment of 4.9 thousand. The employment figure was 25 percent above the 3.9 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment decreased 3 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Ohio, West Virginia, New Jersey, and New York, accounting for approximately 73 percent of the industry's employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when Ohio, West Virginia, New Jersey, and South Carolina were the leading States. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $1.3 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 3313 shipped $964.9 million of products considered primary to the industry, $110.7 million of secondary products, and had $188.2 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 90 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 95 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 99 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 83 percent. The products primary to industry 3313, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $971.9 million. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the electrometallurgical products industry amounted to $816.9 million. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 5 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 3 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 3315, STEEL WIRE AND RELATED PRODUCTS This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in the drawing of wire from purchased iron or steel rods, bars, or wire and which may be engaged in the further manufacture of products made from wire. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing steel nails and spikes from purchased materials are also included in this industry. Certain products primary to industry 3315 also are primary to industries 3496 and 3312. Establishments primarily engaged in the manufacture of fabricated wire products from purchased wire are classified in industry 3496. Rolling mills engaged in the production of ferrous wire from wire rods or hot- rolled bars produced in the same establishments are classified in industry 3312. Establishments primarily engaged in drawing nonferrous wire are classified in industry group 335. Products of this industry also are collected in the Current Industrial Report (CIR) MA-33B, Steel Mill Products. For information regarding the CIR, see Contacts for Data Users at the end of the Census of Manufactures section. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3315, Steel Wire and Related Products, had employment of 24.7 thousand. The employment figure was unchanged from 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Pennsylvania, Illinois, Ohio, and Georgia. This represents a shift from 1987 when Illinois, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Ohio were the leading States. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $4.2 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 3315 shipped $3.9 billion of products considered primary to the industry, $162.2 million of secondary products, and had $129.8 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 96 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio also was 96 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 88 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio also was 88 percent. The products primary to industry 3315, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $4.4 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the steel wire and related products industry amounted to $2.5 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 15 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 3 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 3316, COLD FINISHING OF STEEL SHAPES This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in: (1) cold- rolling steel sheets and strip from purchased hot-rolled sheets; (2) cold- drawing steel bars and steel shapes from purchased hot-rolled steel bars; and (3) producing other cold finished steel. Certain products primary to industry 3316 also are primary to industry 3312. Establishments primarily engaged in the production of steel, including hot-rolled steel sheets, and further cold-rolling such sheets are classified in industry 3312. Products of this industry also are collected in the Current Industrial Report (CIR) MA-33B, Steel Mill Products. For information regarding the CIR, see Contacts for Data Users at the end of the Census of Manufactures section. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3316, Cold Finishing of Steel Shapes, had employment of 15.3 thousand. The employment figure was 7 percent below the 16.4 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment decreased 3 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Ohio, Pennsylvania, Illinois, and California. These same States were the leaders in 1987. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $5.5 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 3316 shipped $4.3 billion of products considered primary to the industry, $1.1 billion of secondary products, and had $104.5 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 80 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio also was 80 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 95 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 94 percent. The products primary to industry 3316, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $4.6 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the cold finishing of steel shapes industry amounted to $3.8 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 10 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 2 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 3317, STEEL PIPE AND TUBES This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in the production of welded or seamless steel pipe and tubes and heavy riveted steel pipe from purchased materials. Certain products primary to industry 3317 also are primary to industry 3312. Establishments primarily engaged in the production of steel including steel skelp or steel blanks, tube rounds, or pierced billets are classified in industry 3312. Products of this industry also are collected in the Current Industrial Report (CIR) MA-33B, Steel Mill Products. For information regarding the CIR, see Contacts for Data Users at the end of the Census of Manufactures section. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3317, Steel Pipe and Tubes, had employment of 23.7 thousand. The employment figure was 21 percent above the 19.6 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Ohio, Pennsylvania, Illinois, and California, accounting for approximately 49 percent of the industry's employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $5.3 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 3317 shipped $4.8 billion of products considered primary to the industry, $241.2 million of secondary products, and had $229.2 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 95 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 91 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 97 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 98 percent. The products primary to industry 3317, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $4.9 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the steel pipe and tubes industry amounted to $3.5 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. No establishments in this industry were excluded from the mail portion of the census. However, for a small number of establishments, reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated. For these establishments data were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 4 percent of the total value of shipments.