Description of Industries and Summary of Findings INDUSTRY 3321, GRAY AND DUCTILE IRON FOUNDRIES This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing gray and ductile iron castings, including cast iron pressure and soil pipes and fittings. These establishments generally operate on a job or order basis, manufacturing castings for sale to others or for interplant transfer. Establishments that produce iron and steel castings and are also engaged in fabricating operations, such as machining and assembling, in manufacturing a special product are classified in the industry of the specified product. Iron and steel castings are made, to a considerable extent, by establishments that are classified in other industries and operate foundry departments for the production of castings for incorporation, in the same establishment, into such products as stoves, furnaces, plumbing fixtures, and motor vehicles. Establishments primarily engaged in the manufacture and rolling of steel castings are classified in industry 3312. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing nonferrous castings are classified in industry group 336. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3321, Gray and Ductile Iron Foundries, had employment of 77.1 thousand. The employment figure was 6 percent below the 82.4 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin, accounting for approximately 46 percent of the industry's employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when Alabama, Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio accounted for approximately 44 percent of the industry's employment. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $7.8 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 3321 shipped $7.3 billion of products considered primary to the industry, $256.1 million of secondary products, and had $242.5 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 97 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 96 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 98 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 96 percent. The products primary to industry 3321, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $7.5 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the gray and ductile iron foundries industry amounted to $3.5 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 15 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 4 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 3322, MALLEABLE IRON FOUNDRIES This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing malleable iron castings. These establishments generally operate on a job or order basis, manufacturing castings for sale to others or for interplant transfer. Establishments that produce iron and steel castings and are also engaged in fabricating operations, such as machining and assembling, in manufacturing a specified product are classified in the industry of the specified product. Iron and steel castings are made, to a considerable extent, by establishments that are classified in other industries and operate foundry departments for the production of castings for incorporation, in the same establishment, into such products as stoves, furnaces, plumbing fixtures, and motor vehicles. Establishments primarily engaged in the manufacture and rolling of steel and also making steel castings are classified in industry 3312. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing nonferrous castings are classified in industry group 336. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3322, Malleable Iron Foundries, had employment of 2.8 thousand. The employment figure was 33 percent below the 4.2 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment decreased 39 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Michigan, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, and Iowa, accounting for approximately 83 percent of the industry's employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin were the leading States. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $247.7 million. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 3322 shipped $231.7 million of products considered primary to the industry. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 77 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio also was 77 percent. The products primary to industry 3322, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $301.9 million. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the malleable iron foundries industry amounted to $102.3 million. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 10 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 5 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 3324, STEEL INVESTMENT FOUNDRIES This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing malleable iron castings. These establishments generally operate on a job or order basis, manufacturing castings for sale to others or for interplant transfer. Establishments that produce iron and steel castings and are also engaged in fabricating operations, such as machining and assembling, in manufacturing a specified product are classified in the industry of the specified product. Iron and steel castings are made, to a considerable extent, by establishments that are classified in other industries and operate foundry departments for the production of castings for incorporation, in the same establishments, into such products as stoves, furnaces, plumbing fixtures, and motor vehicles. Establishments primarily engaged in the manufacture and rolling of steel and also making steel castings are classified in industry 3312. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing nonferrous castings are classified in industry group 336. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3324, Steel Investment Foundries, had employment of 20.8 thousand. The employment figure was 2 percent above the 20.3 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment increased 7 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were California, Oregon, Ohio, and Michigan, accounting for approximately 42 percent of the industry's employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when California, Michigan, New Jersey, and Oregon were the leading States. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $1.8 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 3324 shipped $1.6 billion products considered primary to the industry, $148.4 million of secondary products, and had $29.2 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 92 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 91 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 98 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio also was 98 percent. The products primary to industry 3324, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $1.6 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the steel investment foundries industry amounted to $605.8 million. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 15 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 6 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 3325, STEEL FOUNDRIES, N.E.C. This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing steel investment castings. These establishments generally operate on a job or order basis, manufacturing castings for sale to others or for interplant transfer. Establishments that produce iron and steel castings and are also engaged in fabricating operations, such as machining and assembling, in manufacturing a specified product are classified in the industry of the specified product. Iron and steel castings are made, to a considerable extent, by establishments that are classified in other industries and operate foundry departments for the production of castings for incorporation, in the same establishment, into such products as stoves, furnaces, plumbing fixtures, and motor vehicles. Establishments primarily engaged in the manufacture and rolling of steel and also making steel castings are classified in industry 3312. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing nonferrous castings are classified in industry group 336. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3325, Steel Foundries, N.E.C., had employment of 22.2 thousand. The employment figure was 3 percent below the 22.9 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment decreased 13 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Ohio, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, and Texas, accounting for approximately 45 percent of the industry's employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when Ohio, Pennsylvania, Washington, and Wisconsin were the leading States. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $2.1 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 3325 shipped $1.9 billion products considered primary to the industry, $119.2 million of secondary products, and had $37.6 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 94 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 93 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 97 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 94 percent. The products primary to industry 3325, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $2.0 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the, steel foundries, not elsewhere classified industry amounted to $817.4 million. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 20 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 17 percent of the total value of shipments.