Description of Industries and Summary of Findings INDUSTRY 3331, PRIMARY COPPER This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in the smelting of copper from the ore and in the refining of copper by electrolytic or other processes. Establishments primarily engaged in rolling, drawing, or extruding copper are classified in industry 3351. Certain products primary to industry 3331 also are primary to Industry 3341, Secondary Nonferrous Metals. Establishments primarily engaged in recovering nonferrous metals and alloys from new and used scrap and dross or in producing alloys from purchased refined metals are classified in industry 3341. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3331, Primary Copper, had employment of 5.6 thousand. The employment figure was 70 percent above the 3.3 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment increased 24 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Arizona, Texas, New Mexico, and Utah, accounting for approximately 93 percent of the industry's employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $5.6 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 3331 shipped $4.8 billion of products considered primary to the industry, $492.3 million of secondary products, and had $276.7 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 91 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 95 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 99 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio also was 77 percent. The products primary to industry 3331, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $4.8 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the primary copper industry amounted to $4.6 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. No establishments in this industry were excluded from the mail portion of the census. However, for a small number of establishments, reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated. For these establishments data were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for less than 1 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 3334, PRIMARY ALUMINUM This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in producing aluminum from alumina and in refining aluminum by any process. Establishments primarily engaged in rolling, drawing, or extruding aluminum are classified in industry group 335. Certain products primary to industry 3334 also are primary to Industry 3341, Secondary Nonferrous Metals; and 3355, Aluminum Rolling and Drawing, N.E.C. Establishments primarily engaged in recovering nonferrous metals and alloys from new and used scrap and dross or in producing alloys from purchased refined metals are classified in industry 3341. Establishments primarily engaged in rolling, drawing, and other operations resulting in the production of aluminum ingot, including extrusion ingot, and aluminum and aluminum-base alloy base shapes, not elsewhere classified, are classified in industry 3355. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3334, Primary Aluminum, had employment of 20.4 thousand. The employment figure was 18 percent above the 17.3 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment increased 2 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Washington, New York, Kentucky, and Ohio, accounting for approximately 50 percent of the industry's employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $5.8 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 3334 shipped $5.0 billion of products considered primary to the industry. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 99 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio also was 99 percent. The products primary to industry 3334, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $5.0 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the primary aluminum industry amounted to $4.2 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. No establishments in this industry were excluded from the mail portion of the census. However, for a small number of establishments, reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated. For these establishments data were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for less than 1 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 3339, PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS, N.E.C. This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in smelting and refining nonferrous metals, except copper and aluminum. Establishments primarily engaged in rolling, drawing, and extruding these nonferrous primary metals are classified in industry 3356, and the production of bullion at the site of the mine is classified in Division B, Mining. Certain products primary to industry 3339 also are primary to Industry 3341, Secondary Nonferrous Metals. Establishments primarily engaged in recovering nonferrous metals and alloys from new and used scrap and dross or in producing alloys from purchased refined metals are classified in industry 3341. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3339, Primary Nonferrous Metals, N.E.C., had employment of 8.6 thousand. The employment figure was 22 percent below the 11.0 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment decreased 20 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Texas, Pennsylvania, Washington, and Utah, accounting for approximately 44 percent of the industry's employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when Texas, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Oregon were the leading States. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $2.5 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 3339 shipped $2.2 billion of products considered primary to the industry, $147.7 million of secondary products, and had $94.8 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 94 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 73 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 77 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 92 percent. The products primary to industry 3339, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $2.9 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the primary nonferrous metals, not elsewhere classified, industry amounted to $1.6 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 25 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 7 percent of the total value of shipments.