Description of Industries and Summary of Findings

INDUSTRY 3398, METAL HEAT TREATING

This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in the heat
treating of metals for the trade.

The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title
also are the same.

In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3398, Metal Heat Treating, had
employment of 17.4 thousand. The employment figure was 3 percent below the
18.0 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment decreased 13
percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of
manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between
censuses.

The leading States in employment in 1992 were Michigan, Ohio, California,
and Indiana, accounting for approximately 49 percent of the industry's
employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when Michigan, Ohio,
California, and Illinois were the leading States.

The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry
was $2.0 billion.

The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by
establishments classified in the metal heat treating industry amounted to
$772.4 million. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7.

Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 5 employees
were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these
establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports
were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from
administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry
averages. These establishments accounted for 14 percent of the total value
of shipments.


INDUSTRY 3399, PRIMARY METAL PRODUCTS, N.E.C.

This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in
manufacturing primary metal products, not elsewhere classified, such as
nonferrous nails, brads, and spikes, and metal powder, flakes, and paste.

The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title
also are the same.

In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3399, Primary Metal Products,
N.E.C., had employment of 12.7 thousand. The employment figure was 8
percent below the 13.8 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991,
employment increased 2 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census
Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey
conducted each year between censuses.

The leading States in employment in 1992 were Massachusetts, Pennsylvania,
New Jersey , and Ohio. This represents a shift from 1987 when
Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and California were the leading
States.

The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry
was $1.9 billion.

Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well
as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have
some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts.
Industry 3399 shipped $1.6 billion of products considered primary to the
industry, $239.6 million of secondary products, and had $61.9 million of
miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work.  Thus, the ratio of
primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products
shipped by establishments in this industry was 87 percent (specialization
ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 84 percent.

Establishments in this industry also accounted for 88 percent of products
considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually
produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 83 percent.

The products primary to industry 3399, no matter in what industry they were
produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $1.8 billion. For further
explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the
appendixes.

The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by
establishments classified in the primary metal products, not elsewhere
classified, industry amounted to $1.0 billion. Data on specific materials
consumed appear in file MC92F7.

Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 5 employees
were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these
establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports
were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from
administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry
averages. These establishments accounted for 12 percent of the total value
of shipments.