Description of Industries and Summary of Findings INDUSTRY 3411, METAL CANS This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing metal cans from purchased materials. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing foil containers are classified in industry 3497. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3411, Metal Cans, had employment of 32.3 thousand. The employment figure was 18 percent below the 39.4 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment decreased 7 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were California, Ohio, Illinois, and Texas, accounting for approximately 40 percent of the industry's employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $12.1 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 3411 shipped $11.4 billion of metal cans considered primary to the industry, $112.1 million of secondary products, and had $593.1 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 99 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio also was 99 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 98 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio also was 98 percent. The products primary to industry 3411, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $11.7 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the metal cans industry amounted to $8.8 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 10 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 4 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 3412, METAL BARRELS, DRUMS, AND PAILS This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing metal barrels, drums, and pails. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3412, Metal Barrels, Drums, and Pails, had employment of 7.2 thousand. The employment figure was 17 percent below the 8.7 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment increased 7 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Illinois, Texas, Ohio, and California, accounting for approximately 54 percent of the industry's employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when Ohio, New Jersey, Illinois, and California were the leading States. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $1.1 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 3412 shipped $1.0 billion of metal barrels, drums, and pails considered primary to the industry, $85.5 million of secondary products, and had $46.4 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 92 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio also was 92 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 90 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 93 percent. The products primary to industry 3412, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $1.1 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the metal barrels, drums, and pails industry amounted to $693.6 million. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 15 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 7 percent of the total value of shipments.