Description of Industries and Summary of Findings INDUSTRY 3451, SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in making screw machine products, typically on a job or order basis. Products may be made on automatic or hand screw machines from rod, bar, or tube stock of metal, fiber, plastics, or other material. Products include a wide variety of unassembled parts. Establishments in this industry may do a small amount of product assembly, but establishments primarily producing assembled components are classified elsewhere according to the nature of the components. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing standard products (screws, bolts, nuts, washers, rivets, and other industrial fasteners) on fastener machines (headers, threaders, and nut forming machines) are classified in industry 3452. Establishments primarily engaged in general machine shop job work are classified in industry 3599. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3451, Screw Machine Products, had employment of 46.4 thousand. The employment figure was 9 percent above the 42.7 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment increased 14 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, and California, accounting for approximately 47 percent of the industry's employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $3.8 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 3451 shipped $3.5 billion of screw machine products considered primary to the industry, $191.3 million of secondary products, and had $183.7 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 95 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio also was 95 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 94 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 93 percent. The products primary to industry 3451, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $3.7 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the screw machine products industry amounted to $1.4 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 5 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 6 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 3452, BOLTS, NUTS, RIVETS, AND WASHERS This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing metal bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, washers, formed and threaded wire goods, and special industrial fasteners. Rolling mills engaged in manufacturing similar products are classified in major group 33. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing screw machine products are classified in industry 3451. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing plastics fasteners are classified in industry 3089. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3452, Bolts, Nuts, Rivets, and Washers, had employment of 44.0 thousand. The employment figure was 15 percent below the 52.0 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment decreased 12 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were California, Illinois, Michigan, and Ohio, accounting for approximately 56 percent of the industry's employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when California, Illinois, Michigan, and Pennsylvania accounted for approximately 57 percent of the industry's employment. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $5.2 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 3452 shipped $4.6 billion of bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers considered primary to the industry, $250.0 million of secondary products, and had $300.3 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 95 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio also was 95 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 96 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio also was 96 percent. The products primary to industry 3452, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $4.8 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, and washers industry amounted to $2.3 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 10 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 11 percent of the total value of shipments.