Description of Industries and Summary of Findings INDUSTRY 3511, TURBINES AND TURBINE GENERATOR SETS This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing steam turbines; hydraulic turbines; gas turbines, except aircraft; and complete steam, gas, and hydraulic turbine generator set units. Also included in this industry are the manufacture of wind and solar powered turbine generators and windmills for generating electric power. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing nonautomotive type generators are classified in industry 3621; those manufacturing aircraft turbines are classified in industry 3724; and those manufacturing windmill heads and towers for pumping water for agricultural use are classified in industry 3523. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3511, Turbines and Turbine Generator Sets, had employment of 27.1 thousand. The employment figure was 18 percent above the 22.9 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment increased 24 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were California, Connecticut, New York, and South Carolina. This represents a shift from 1987 when Connecticut, New York, California, and Massachusetts were the leading States. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $5.8 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 3511 shipped $4.8 billion of turbines and turbine generator sets considered primary to the industry, $641.1 million of secondary products, and had $401.8 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 88 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 83 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 80 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 83 percent. The products primary to industry 3511, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $6.0 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the turbines and turbine generator sets industry amounted to $2.7 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. No establishments in this industry were excluded from the mail portion of the census. However, for a small number of establishments, reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated. For these establishments data were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for less than 1 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 3519, INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES, N.E.C. This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing diesel, semidiesel, or other internal combustion engines, not elsewhere classified, for stationary, marine, traction, and other uses. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing aircraft engines are classified in industry 3724. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing automotive engines, except diesel are classified in industry 3714. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3519, Internal Combustion Engines, N.E.C., had employment of 56.6 thousand. The employment figure was 12 percent below the 64.0 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan. These same States were the leaders in 1987. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $11.8 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 3519 shipped $10.5 billion of internal combustion engines, not elsewhere classified, considered primary to the industry, $811.8 million of secondary products, and had $499.1 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 93 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 94 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 90 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 91 percent. The products primary to industry 3519, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $11.6 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the internal combustion engines, not elsewhere classified, industry amounted to $7.0 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 10 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 1 percent of the total value of shipments.