Description of Industries and Summary of Findings

INDUSTRY 3541, MACHINE TOOLS, METAL CUTTING TYPES

This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in
manufacturing metal cutting type machine tools, not supported in the hands
of an operator when in use, that shape metal by cutting or use of
electrical techniques; the rebuilding of such machine tools, and the
manufacture of replacement parts for them. Also included in this industry
are metalworking machine tools designed primarily for home workshops.
Establishments primarily engaged in the manufacture of electric and gas
welding and soldering equipment are classified in industry 3548, and those
manufacturing portable power-driven handtools are classified in industry
3546.

The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title
also are the same.

In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3541, Machine Tools, Metal
Cutting Types, had employment of 27.0 thousand. The employment figure was
15 percent below the 31.7 thousand reported in 1987.

The leading States in employment in 1992 were Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, and
New York, accounting for approximately 55 percent of the industry's
employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987 when they accounted
for 54 percent of the industry's employment.

The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry
was $3.6 billion.

Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well
as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have
some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts.
Industry 3541 shipped $2.8 billion of machine tools, metal cutting types,
considered primary to the industry, $317.4 million of secondary products,
and had $413.0 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract
work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary
and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 90
percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 83
percent.

Establishments in this industry also accounted for 93 percent of products
considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually
produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio also was 93 percent.

The products primary to industry 3541, no matter in what industry they were
produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $3.1 billion. For further
explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the
appendixes.

The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by
establishments classified in the machine tools, metal cutting types,
industry amounted to $1.8 billion. Data on specific materials consumed
appear in file MC92F7.

Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 5 employees
were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these
establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports
were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from
administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry
averages. These establishments accounted for 3 percent of the total value
of shipments.


INDUSTRY 3542, MACHINE TOOLS, METAL FORMING TYPES

This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in
manufacturing metal forming machine tools, not supported in the hands of an
operator while in use, for pressing, hammering, extruding, shearing, die-
casting, or otherwise forming metal into shape. This industry also includes
the rebuilding of such machine tools and the manufacture of repair parts
for them. Establishments primarily engaged in the manufacture of electric
and gas welding equipment and soldering equipment are classified in
industry 3548; those manufacturing portable power-driven handtools are
classified in industry 3546; and those manufacturing rolling mill machinery
and equipment are classified in industry 3547.

The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title
also are the same.

In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3542, Machine Tools, Metal
Forming Types, had employment of 12.2 thousand. The employment figure was
12 percent below the 13.8 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991,
employment decreased 10 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census
Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey
conducted each year between censuses.

The leading States in employment in 1992 were Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, and
New York, accounting for approximately 66 percent of the industry's
employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987 when they accounted
for 68 percent of the industry's employment.

The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry
was $1.5 billion.

Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well
as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have
some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts.
Industry 3542 shipped $1.2 billion of machine tools, metal forming types,
considered primary to the industry, $114.7 million of secondary products,
and had $94.0 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract
work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary
and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 92
percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 91
percent.

Establishments in this industry also accounted for 89 percent of products
considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually
produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 87 percent.

The products primary to industry 3542, no matter in what industry they were
produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $1.4 billion. For further
explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the
appendixes.

The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by
establishments classified in the machine tools, metal forming types,
industry amounted to $700.1 million. Data on specific materials consumed
appear in file MC92F7.

No establishments in this industry were excluded from the mail portion of
the census. However, for a small number of establishments, reports were not
received at the time the data were tabulated. For these establishments data
were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed
from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 5 percent of the
total value of shipments.


INDUSTRY 3543, INDUSTRIAL PATTERNS

This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in
manufacturing industrial patterns.

The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title
also are the same.

In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3543, Industrial Patterns, had
employment of 7.9 thousand. The employment figure was 8 percent below the
8.6 thousand reported in 1987.

The leading States in employment in 1992 were Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin,
and Tennessee, accounting for approximately 52 percent of the industry's
employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987.

The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry
was $539.0 million.

Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well
as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have
some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts.
Industry 3543 shipped $485.8 million of industrial patterns considered
primary to the industry, $26.6 million of secondary products, and had $26.5
million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the
ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary
products shipped by establishments in this industry was 95 percent
(specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 92 percent.

Establishments in this industry also accounted for 72 percent of products
considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually
produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 80 percent.

The products primary to industry 3543, no matter in what industry they were
produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $672.3 million. For
further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B
and the appendixes.

The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by
establishments classified in the industrial patterns industry amounted to
$125.7 million. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7.

Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 5 employees
were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these
establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports
were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from
administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry
averages. These establishments accounted for 13 percent of the total value
of shipments.


INDUSTRY 3544, SPECIAL DIES, TOOLS, JIGS, AND FIXTURES

This industry is made up of establishments commonly known as contract tool
and die shops and primarily engaged in manufacturing, on a job or order
basis, special tools and fixtures for use with machine tools, hammers, die-
casting machines, and presses. The products of establishments classified in
this industry include a wide variety of special toolings, such as dies;
punches; die sets and components, and subpresses; jigs and fixtures; and
special checking devices.  Establishments primarily engaged in
manufacturing molds for die-casting and foundry casting; metal molds for
plaster working, rubber working, plastics working, glass working and
similar machinery are also included. Establishments primarily engaged in
manufacturing molds for heavy steel ingots are classified in industry 3321,
and those manufacturing cutting dies, except metal cutting, are classified
in industry 3423.

The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title
also are the same.

In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3544, Special Dies, Tools,
Jigs, and Fixtures, had employment of 111.4 thousand. The employment figure
was 3 percent below the 114.4 thousand reported in 1987.

The leading States in employment in 1992 were Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, and
Pennsylvania, accounting for approximately 55 percent of the industry's
employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987 when they accounted
for 54 percent of the industry's employment.

The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry
was $9.3 billion.

Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well
as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have
some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts.
Industry 3544 shipped $8.2 billion of special dies, tools, jigs, and
fixtures considered primary to the industry, $507.2 million of secondary
products, and had $557.2 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and
contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both
secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry
was 94 percent (specialization ratio).  In 1987, the specialization ratio
also was 94 percent.

Establishments in this industry also accounted for 80 percent of products
considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually
produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 82 percent.

The products primary to industry 3544, no matter in what industry they were
produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $10.3 billion. For
further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B
and the appendixes.

The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by
establishments classified in the special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
industry amounted to $2.7 billion. Data on specific materials consumed
appear in file MC92F7.

Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 5 employees
were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these
establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports
were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from
administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry
averages. These establishments accounted for 11 percent of the total value
of shipments.


INDUSTRY 3545, MACHINE TOOL ACCESSORIES

This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in
manufacturing cutting tools, machinists' precision measuring tools, and
attachments and accessories for machine tools and for other metalworking
machinery, not elsewhere classified. Establishments primarily engaged in
manufacturing handtools, except power-driven types, are classified in
industry group 342.

The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title
also are the same.

In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3545, Machine Tool
Accessories, had employment of 42.7 thousand. The employment figure was 12
percent below the 48.5 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991,
employment decreased 17 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census
Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey
conducted each year between censuses.

The leading States in employment in 1992 were Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, and
Massachusetts, accounting for approximately 49 percent of the industry's
employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987 when they also
accounted for 49 percent of the industry's employment.

The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry
was $3.8 billion.

Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well
as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have
some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts.
Industry 3545 shipped $3.3 billion of machine tool accessories considered
primary to the industry, $187.7 million of secondary products, and had
$286.3 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus,
the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary
products shipped by establishments in this industry was 95 percent
(specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 94 percent.

Establishments in this industry also accounted for 92 percent of products
considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually
produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio also was 92 percent.

The products primary to industry 3545, no matter in what industry they were
produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $3.6 billion. For further
explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the
appendixes.

The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by
establishments classified in the machine tool accessories industry amounted
to $1.1 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7.

Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 5 employees
were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these
establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports
were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from
administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry
averages. These establishments accounted for 8 percent of the total value
of shipments.


INDUSTRY 3546, POWER-DRIVEN HANDTOOLS

This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in
manufacturing power-driven handtools, such as drills and drilling tools,
pneumatic and snagging grinders, and electric hammers.  Establishments
primarily engaged in manufacturing metal cutting type and metal forming
type machines (including home workshop tools) which are not supported in
the hands of an operator are classified in industries 3541 and 3542; and
those primarily manufacturing power-driven heavy construction or mining
handtools are classified in industry group 353.

The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title
also are the same.

In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3546, Power-Driven Handtools,
had employment of 16.1 thousand. The employment figure was 4 percent below
the 16.8 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment
decreased 8 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual
survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year
between censuses.

The leading States in employment in 1992 were Arkansas, North Carolina,
Ohio, and South Carolina. This represents a shift from 1987 when North
Carolina, Arkansas, Tennessee, and Arizona were the leading States.

The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry
was $2.9 billion.

Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well
as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have
some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts.
Industry 3546 shipped $2.1 billion of power-driven handtools considered
primary to the industry, $377.7 million of secondary products, and had
$397.1 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus,
the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary
products shipped by establishments in this industry was 85 percent
(specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 83 percent.

Establishments in this industry also accounted for 87 percent of products
considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually
produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 85 percent.

The products primary to industry 3546, no matter in what industry they were
produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $2.4 million. For further
explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the
appendixes.

The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by
establishments classified in the power-driven handtools industry amounted
to $1.4 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7.

Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 15 employees
were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these
establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports
were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from
administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry
averages. These establishments accounted for 4 percent of the total value
of shipments.


INDUSTRY 3547, ROLLING MILL MACHINERY

This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in
manufacturing rolling mill machinery and processing equipment for metal
production, such as cold forming mills, structural mills, and finishing
equipment.

The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title
also are the same.

In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3547, Rolling Mill Machinery,
had employment of 5.4 thousand. The employment figure was 38 percent above
the 3.9 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment increased
38 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of
manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between
censuses.

The leading States in employment in 1992 were Massachusetts, Michigan,
Ohio, and Pennsylvania. This represents a shift from 1987 when Ohio,
Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and Indiana were the leading States.

The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry
was $602.8 million.

Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well
as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have
some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts.
Industry 3547 shipped $518.7 million of rolling mill machinery products
considered primary to the industry, $30.2 million of secondary products,
and had $53.8 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract
work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary
and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 94
percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 92
percent.

Establishments in this industry also accounted for 95 percent of products
considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually
produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 94 percent.

The products primary to industry 3547, no matter in what industry they were
produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $544.4 million. For
further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B
and the appendixes.

The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by
establishments classified in the rolling mill machinery industry amounted
to $288.6 million. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file
MC92F7.

Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 5 employees
were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these
establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports
were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from
administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry
averages. These establishments accounted for 23 percent of the total value
of shipments.


INDUSTRY 3548, WELDING APPARATUS

This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in
manufacturing electric and gas welding and soldering equipment and
accessories. Also included are establishments primarily engaged in coating
welding wire from purchased wire or from wire drawn in the same
establishment. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing handheld
soldering irons are classified in industry 3423, and those manufacturing
electron beam, ultrasonic, and laser welding equipment are classified in
industry 3699.

The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title
also are the same.

In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3548, Welding Apparatus, had
employment of 19.8 thousand. The employment figure was 6 percent above the
18.7 thousand reported in 1987.

The leading States in employment in 1992 were Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin,
and California, accounting for approximately 56 percent of the industry's
employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when Ohio, Michigan,
Wisconsin, and Pennsylvania were the leading States.

The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry
was $2.8 billion.

Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well
as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have
some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts.
Industry 3548 shipped $2.3 billion of welding apparatus considered primary
to the industry, $258.0 million of secondary products, and had $168.9
million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the
ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary
products shipped by establishments in this industry was 90 percent
(specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio also was 90
percent.

Establishments in this industry also accounted for 96 percent of products
considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually
produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 92 percent.

The products primary to industry 3548, no matter in what industry they were
produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $2.4 billion. For further
explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the
appendixes.

The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by
establishments classified in the welding apparatus industry amounted to
$1.3 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7.

Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 20 employees
were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these
establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports
were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from
administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry
averages. These establishments accounted for 6 percent of the total value
of shipments.


INDUSTRY 3549, METALWORKING MACHINERY, N.E.C.

This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in
manufacturing metalworking machinery, not elsewhere classified.
Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing automotive maintenance
equipment are classified in industry 3559.

The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title
also are the same.

In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3549, Metalworking Machinery,
N.E.C., had employment of 13.2 thousand. The employment figure was 17
percent above the 11.3 thousand reported in 1987.  Compared with 1991,
employment increased 21 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census
Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey
conducted each year between censuses.

The leading States in employment in 1992 were Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, and
Wisconsin, accounting for approximately 54 percent of the industry's
employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987 when they accounted
for 53 percent of the industry's employment.

The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry
was $1.6 billion.

Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well
as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have
some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts.
Industry 3549 shipped $1.3 billion of metalworking machinery, not elsewhere
classified, considered primary to the industry, $190.3 million of secondary
products, and had $116.8 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and
contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both
secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry
was 87 percent (specialization ratio).  In 1987, the specialization ratio
was 89 percent.

Establishments in this industry also accounted for 89 percent of products
considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually
produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 87 percent.

The products primary to industry 3549, no matter in what industry they were
produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $1.5 billion. For further
explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the
appendixes.

The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by
establishments classified in the metalworking machinery, not elsewhere
classified, industry amounted to $687.6 million. Data on specific materials
consumed appear in file MC92F7.

Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 10 employees
were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these
establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports
were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from
administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry
averages. These establishments accounted for 7 percent of the total value
of shipments.