Description of Industries and Summary of Findings

INDUSTRY 3592, CARBURETORS, PISTONS, RINGS, AND VALVES

This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in
manufacturing carburetors, pistons, piston rings, and engine intake and
exhaust valves. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing metallic
packing are classified in industry 3053, and those primarily engaged in
manufacturing machine repair and equipment parts (except electric), on a
job or order basis for others, are classified in industry 3599.

The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title
also are the same.

In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3592, Carburetors, Pistons,
Rings, and Valves, had employment of 18.4 thousand. The employment figure
was 15 percent below the 21.7 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with
1991, employment was unchanged. The 1991 data are based on the Census
Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey
conducted each year between censuses.

The leading States in employment in 1992 were Michigan, Indiana, Wisconsin,
and Tennessee, accounting for approximately 46 percent of the industry's
employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when Michigan, Indiana,
Kentucky, and Ohio were the leading States.

The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry
was $2.2 billion.

Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well
as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have
some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts.
Industry 3592 shipped $1.6 billion of products considered primary to the
industry, $529.5 million of secondary products, and had $21.9 million of
miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work.  Thus, the ratio of
primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products
shipped by establishments in this industry was 75 percent (specialization
ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 76 percent.

Establishments in this industry also accounted for 85 percent of products
considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually
produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 84 percent.

The products primary to industry 3592, no matter in what industry they were
produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $1.9 billion. For further
explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the
appendixes.

The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by
establishments classified in the carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves
industry amounted to $981.6 million. Data on specific materials consumed
appear in file MC92F7.

Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 20 employees
were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these
establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports
were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from
administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry
averages. These establishments accounted for 3 percent of the total value
of shipments.


INDUSTRY 3593, FLUID POWER CYLINDERS AND ACTUATORS

This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in
manufacturing hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders and actuators for use in
fluid power systems. Products of this industry also are collected in the
Current Industrial Report (CIR) MA-35N, Fluid Power Products, Including
Aerospace. For information regarding the CIR, see Contacts for Data Users
at the end of the Census of Manufactures section.

The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title
also are the same.

In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3593, Fluid Power Cylinders
and Actuators, had employment of 16.5 thousand. The employment figure was
18 percent below the 20.2 thousand reported in 1987.

The leading States in employment in 1992 were California, New York,
Illinois, and Ohio, accounting for approximately 58 percent of the
industry's employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987.

The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry
was $1.8 billion.

Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well
as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have
some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts.
Industry 3593 shipped $1.4 billion of products considered primary to the
industry, $254.1 million of secondary products, and had $138.9 million of
miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work.  Thus, the ratio of
primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products
shipped by establishments in this industry was 85 percent (specialization
ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 83 percent.

Establishments in this industry also accounted for 85 percent of products
considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually
produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 89 percent.

The products primary to industry 3593, no matter in what industry they were
produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $1.7 billion. For further
explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the
appendixes.

The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by
establishments classified in the fluid power cylinders and actuators
industry amounted to $664.8 million. Data on specific materials consumed
appear in file MC92F7.

Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 15 employees
were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these
establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports
were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from
administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry
averages. These establishments accounted for 6 percent of the total value
of shipments.


INDUSTRY 3594, FLUID POWER PUMPS AND MOTORS

This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in
manufacturing hydraulic and pneumatic fluid power pumps and motors,
including hydrostatic transmissions. Establishments primarily engaged in
manufacturing pumps for motor vehicles are classified in industry 3714.
Products of this industry also are collected in the Current Industrial
Report (CIR) MA-35N, Fluid Power Products, Including Aerospace. For
information regarding the CIR, see Contacts for Data Users at the end of
the Census of Manufactures section.

The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title
also are the same.

In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3594, Fluid Power Pumps and
Motors, had employment of 12.4 thousand. The employment figure was 16
percent below the 14.8 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991,
employment decreased 13 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census
Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey
conducted each year between censuses.

The leading States in employment in 1992 were Nebraska, Minnesota,
Illinois, and Mississippi, accounting for approximately 38 percent of the
industry's employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when California,
Ohio, Mississippi, and Kansas were the leading States.

The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry
was $1.5 billion.

Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well
as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have
some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts.
Industry 3594 shipped $1.2 billion of products considered primary to the
industry, $213.0 million of secondary products, and had $91.6 million of
miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work.  Thus, the ratio of
primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products
shipped by establishments in this industry was 85 percent (specialization
ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 84 percent.

Establishments in this industry also accounted for 85 percent of products
considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually
produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 78 percent.

The products primary to industry 3594, no matter in what industry they were
produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $1.4 billion. For further
explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the
appendixes.

The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by
establishments classified in the fluid power pumps and motors industry
amounted to $590.6 million. Data on specific materials consumed appear in
file MC92F7.

Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 10 employees
were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these
establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports
were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from
administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry
averages. These establishments accounted for 8 percent of the total value
of shipments.


INDUSTRY 3596, SCALES AND BALANCES, EXCEPT LABORATORY

This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in
manufacturing weighing and force-measuring machines and devices of all
types, except those regarded as scientific apparatus for laboratory work
which are classified in industry 3821.

The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title
also are the same.

In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3596, Scales and Balances,
Except Laboratory, had employment of 5.6 thousand. The employment figure
was 16 percent below the 6.7 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991,
employment decreased 12 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census
Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey
conducted each year between censuses.

The leading States in employment in 1992 were California, Illinois, Ohio,
and Minnesota, accounting for approximately 45 percent of the industry's
employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when California, Illinois,
Ohio, and Missouri were the leading States.

The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry
was $641.1 million.

Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well
as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have
some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts.
Industry 3596 shipped $600.7 million of products considered primary to the
industry, $3.0 million of secondary products, and had $37.4 million of
miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work.  Thus, the ratio of
primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products
shipped by establishments in this industry was 99 percent (specialization
ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 98 percent.

Establishments in this industry also accounted for 92 percent of products
considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually
produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 94 percent.

The products primary to industry 3596, no matter in what industry they were
produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $652.6 million. For
further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B
and the appendixes.

The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by
establishments classified in the scales and balances, except laboratory,
industry amounted to $296.4 million. Data on specific materials consumed
appear in file MC92F7.

Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 5 employees
were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these
establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports
were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from
administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry
averages. These establishments accounted for 5 percent of the total value
of shipments.


INDUSTRY 3599, INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY, N.E.C.

This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in
manufacturing machinery and equipment and parts, not elsewhere classified,
such as amusement park equipment and flexible metal hose and tubing. This
industry also includes establishments primarily engaged in producing or
repairing machinery and equipment parts, not elsewhere classified, on a job
or order basis for others.  Establishments primarily engaged in
manufacturing motor vehicle engine filters are classified in industry 3417,
and those manufacturing coin-operated amusement machines are classified in
industry 3999.

The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title
also are the same.

In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3599, Industrial Machinery,
N.E.C., had employment of 248.2 thousand. The employment figure was 9
percent above the 228.5 thousand reported in 1987.  Compared with 1991,
employment increased 7 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census
Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey
conducted each year between censuses.

The leading States in employment in 1992 were California, Ohio, Michigan,
and Pennsylvania, accounting for approximately 34 percent of the industry's
employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987 when they accounted
for 36 percent of the industry's employment.

The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry
was $19.1 billion.

Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well
as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have
some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts.
Industry 3599 shipped $17.2 billion of products considered primary to the
industry, $804.0 million of secondary products, and had $1.0 billion of
miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work.  Thus, the ratio of
primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products
shipped by establishments in this industry was 96 percent (specialization
ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio also was 96 percent.

Establishments in this industry also accounted for 95 percent of products
considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually
produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 96 percent.

The products primary to industry 3599, no matter in what industry they were
produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $18.1 billion. For
further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B
and the appendixes.

The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by
establishments classified in the industrial machinery, not elsewhere
classified, industry amounted to $6.2 billion. Data on specific materials
consumed appear in file MC92F7.

Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 5 employees
were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these
establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports
were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from
administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry
averages. These establishments accounted for 15 percent of the total value
of shipments.