Description of Industries and Summary of Findings INDUSTRY 3821, LABORATORY APPARATUS AND FURNITURE This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing laboratory apparatus and furniture. Important products of this industry include laboratory balances and scales, laboratory furnaces and ovens, laboratory centrifuges, and various components, parts, and accessories for laboratory apparatus. Laboratory instruments are classified elsewhere, generally in other industries of industry group 382. Products of this industry also are collected in the Current Industrial Report (CIR) MA- 38B, Selected Instruments and Related Products. For information regarding the CIR, see Contacts for Data Users at the end of the Census of Manufactures section. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3821, Laboratory Apparatus and Furniture, had employment of 17.7 thousand. The employment figure was 4 percent above the 17.1 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were California, Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. This represents a shift from 1987 when California, New Jersey, Wisconsin, and Pennsylvania were the leading States. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $2.1 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 3821 shipped $1.7 billion of laboratory apparatus and furniture products considered primary to the industry, $277.5 million of secondary products, and had $164.7 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 86 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 89 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 90 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 92 percent. The products primary to industry 3821, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $1.8 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the laboratory apparatus and furniture industry amounted to $817.1 million. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 15 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 6 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 3822, ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing temperature and related controls for heating and air- conditioning installations and refrigeration applications, which are electrically, electronically, or pneumatically actuated, and which measure and control variables such as temperature and humidity; and automatic regulators used as components of household appliances. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing industrial process controls are classified in industry 3823; those manufacturing motor control switches are classified in industry 3625; those manufacturing switches for household appliances are classified in industry 3643; and those manufacturing appliance timers are classified in industry 3873. Products of this industry also are collected in the Current Industrial Report (CIR) MA-38B, Selected Instruments and Related Products. For information regarding the CIR, see Contacts for Data Users at the end of the Census of Manufactures section. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3822, Environmental Controls, had employment of 25.0 thousand. The employment figure was 6 percent below the 26.5 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment increased 11 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were California, Illinois, Minnesota, and Ohio. These same States were the leaders in 1987. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $2.6 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 3822 shipped $2.2 billion of environmental controls products considered primary to the industry, $183.1 million of secondary products, and had $261.9 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 92 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio also was 92 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 91 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 89 percent. The products primary to industry 3822, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $2.4 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the environmental control industry amounted to $1.0 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 15 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 5 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 3823, PROCESS CONTROL INSTRUMENTS This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing industrial instruments and related products for measuring, displaying (indicating and/or recording), transmitting, and controlling process variables in manufacturing, energy conversion, and public service utilities. These instruments operate mechanically, pneumatically, electronically, or electrically to measure process variables, such as temperature, humidity, pressure, vacuum, combustion, flow, level, viscosity, density, acidity, alkalinity, specific gravity, gas and liquid concentration, sequence, time interval, mechanical motion, and rotation. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing electrical integrating meters are classified in industry 3825; those manufacturing residential and commercial comfort controls are classified in industry 3822; those manufacturing all liquid-in-glass and bimetal thermometers and glass hydrometers are classified in industry 3829; those manufacturing recorder charts are classified in industry group 275; and those manufacturing analytical and optical instruments are classified in industries 3826 and 3827. Products of this industry also are collected in the Current Industrial Report (CIR) MA-38B, Selected Instruments and Related Products. For information regarding the CIR, see Contacts for Data Users at the end of the Census of Manufactures section. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3823, Process Control Instruments, had employment of 50.1 thousand. The employment figure was 6 percent below the 53.3 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were California, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Massachusetts, accounting for approximately 47 percent of the industry's employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when Pennsylvania, California, Massachusetts, and Illinois accounted for approximately 46 percent of the industry's employment. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $6.4 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 3823 shipped $5.3 billion of process control instrument products considered primary to the industry, $403.3 million of secondary products, and had $691.8 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 93 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 92 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 89 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 92 percent. The products primary to industry 3823, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $5.9 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the process control instruments industry amounted to $2.1 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 10 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 15 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 3824, FLUID METERS AND COUNTING DEVICES This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing totalizing (registering) meters monitoring fluid flows, such as watermeters and gasmeters; and producers of mechanical and electromechanical counters and associated metering devices. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing electricity integrating meters and electronic frequency counters are classified in industry 3825, and those manufacturing industrial process instruments are classified in industry 2823. Products of this industry also are collected in the Current Industrial Report (CIR) MA-38B, Selected Instruments and Related Products. For information regarding the CIR, see Contacts for Data Users at the end of the Census of Manufactures section. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3824, Fluid Meters and Counting Devices, had employment of 16.2 thousand. The employment figure was 60 percent above the 10.1 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Illinois, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin. This represents a shift from 1987 when Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Wisconsin, and North Carolina were the leading States. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $2.6 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 3824 shipped $2.4 billion of fluid meters and counting device products considered primary to the industry, $175.0 million of secondary products, and had $59.7 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 93 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 95 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 87 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 76 percent. The products primary to industry 3824, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $2.7 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the fluid meters and counting devices industry amounted to $1.1 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 5 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 4 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 3825, INSTRUMENTS TO MEASURE ELECTRICITY This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing instruments for measuring the characteristics of electricity signals, such as voltmeters, ammeters, wattmeters, watt-hour meters, demand meters, and equipment for testing the electrical characteristics of electrical, radio, and communication circuits and of internal combustion engines. Establishments primarily engaged in the manufacturing of electronic checkout, monitoring, evaluating, and other electronic support equipment for electronic navigational, radar, and sonar systems are classified in industry 3812, and those manufacturing similar equipment for communication systems classified in industry group 366. Products of this industry also are collected in the Current Industrial Report (CIR) MA-38B, Selected Instruments and Related Products. For information regarding the CIR, see Contacts for Data Users at the end of the Census of Manufactures section. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3825, Instruments to Measure Electricity, had employment of 68.7 thousand. The employment figure was 19 percent below the 85.2 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were California, Massachusetts, New York, and Oregon. These same States were the leaders in 1987. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $8.9 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 3825 shipped $7.5 billion of electricity measurement instrument products considered primary to the industry, $454.6 million of secondary products, and had $924.6 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 94 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 95 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 93 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 92 percent. The products primary to industry 3825, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $8.1 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the electricity measurement instruments industry amounted to $3.1 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 10 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 11 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 3826, ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing laboratory instruments and instrument systems for chemical or physical analysis of the composition or concentration of samples of solid, fluid, gaseous, or composite material. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing instruments for monitoring and analyzing continuous samples from medical patients are classified in industry 3845, and from industrial process streams are classified in industry 3823. Products of this industry also are collected in the Current Industrial Report (CIR) MA-38B, Selected Instruments and Related Products. For information regarding the CIR, see Contacts for Data Users at the end of the Census of Manufactures section. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3826, Analytical Instruments, had employment of 39.7 thousand. The employment figure was 27 percent above the 31.2 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment increased 7 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were California, Massachusetts, Florida, and Texas, accounting for approximately 59 percent of the industry's employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $5.2 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 3826 shipped $4.2 billion of analytical instrument products considered primary to the industry, $481.6 million of secondary products, and had $502.5 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 90 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 87 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 83 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 90 percent. The products primary to industry 3826, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $5.1 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the analytical instrument industry amounted to $2.2 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 10 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 8 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 3827, OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS AND LENSES This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing instruments and apparatus that measure an optical property and optically project, measure, or magnify an image, such as binoculars, microscopes, prisms, and lenses. Included are establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing optical sighting and fire control equipment. Products of this industry also are collected in the Current Industrial Report (CIR) MA-38B, Selected Instruments and Related Products. For information regarding the CIR, see Contacts for Data Users at the end of the Census of Manufactures section. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3827, Measuring and Controlling Devices, N.E.C., had employment of 18.9 thousand. The employment figure was 6 percent below the 20.1 thousand reported in 1987. Compared with 1991, employment decreased 16 percent. The 1991 data are based on the Census Bureau's annual survey of manufactures (ASM), which is a sample survey conducted each year between censuses. The leading States in employment in 1992 were California, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New York, accounting for approximately 62 percent of the industry's employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when California, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Connecticut were the leading States. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $2.3 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 3827 shipped $1.9 billion of optical instrument and lense products considered primary to the industry, $230.3 million of secondary products, and had $124.7 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 89 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 91 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 83 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 80 percent. The products primary to industry 3827, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $2.3 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the optical instruments and lenses industry amounted to $836.0 million. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 10 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 6 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 3829, MEASURING AND CONTROLLING DEVICES, N.E.C. This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing measuring and controlling devices, not elsewhere classified, including meteorological instruments. Important products of this industry are physical properties testing equipment, nuclear radiation detection and monitoring instrumentation, aircraft engine instruments (except flight), and liquid-in-glass and bimental thermometers. Also included in this industry are establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing surveying and drafting instruments, such a alidades, transits, sextants, theodolites, slide rules, and T-squares. Products of this industry also are collected in the Current Industrial Report (CIR) MA-38B, Selected Instruments and Related Products. For information regarding the CIR, see Contacts for Data Users at the end of the Census of Manufactures section. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3829, Measuring and Controlling Devices, N.E.C., had employment of 38.1 thousand. The employment figure was 7 percent below the 41.0 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were California, Texas, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, accounting for approximately 42 percent of the industry's employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when California, Ohio, New York, and Massachusetts were the leading States. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $4.4 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 3829 shipped $3.6 billion of measuring and controlling devices, not elsewhere classified, products considered primary to the industry, $351.3 million of secondary products, and had $493.5 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 91 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 86 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 82 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 80 percent. The products primary to industry 3829, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $4.3 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the measuring and controlling devices, not elsewhere classified, industry amounted to $1.6 billion. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 5 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 9 percent of the total value of shipments.