Description of Industries and Summary of Findings INDUSTRY 3961, COSTUME JEWELRY This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing costume jewelry, costume novelties, and ornaments made of all materials, except precious metal, precious or semiprecious stones, and rolled goldplate and gold-filled materials. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing jewelry of precious and semiprecious metal are classified in industry 3911; those manufacturing leather compacts and vanity cases are classified in industry 3172; and those manufacturing synthetic stones for gem stones and industrial use are classified in industry 3299. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3961, Costume Jewelry, had employment of 17.5 thousand. The employment figure was 21 percent below the 22.2 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were Rhode Island and New York accounting for approximately 63 percent of the industry's employment. These same States were the leaders in 1987 when they accounted for 66 percent of the industry's employment. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $1.4 billion. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 3961 shipped $1.3 billion of costume jewelry products considered primary to the industry, $46.1 million of secondary products, and had $75.2 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 97 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 94 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 88 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 90 percent. The products primary to industry 3961, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $1.5 billion. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the costume jewelry industry amounted to $570.2 million. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 5 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 19 percent of the total value of shipments. INDUSTRY 3965, FASTENERS, BUTTONS, NEEDLES, AND PINS This industry is made up of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing notions, such as slide and snap fasteners and zippers; machine and hand needles, pins, hooks and eyes; buckles; buttons, button parts, and button blanks. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing these products from precious metals or from precious or semiprecious stones are classified in industry 3911. The 1992 definition of this industry is the same as that used in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The SIC number and title also are the same. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures, Industry 3965, Fasteners, Buttons, Needles, and Pins, had employment of 10.0 thousand. The employment figure was 4 percent above the 9.6 thousand reported in 1987. The leading States in employment in 1992 were New York, Georgia, New Jersey, and North Carolina, accounting for approximately 52 percent of the industry's employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when Connecticut, Georgia, New York, and Rhode Island accounted for approximately 48 percent of the industry's employment. The total value of shipments for establishments classified in this industry was $868.2 million. Establishments in virtually all industries ship secondary products as well as products primary to the industry in which they are classified and have some miscellaneous receipts, such as resales and contract receipts. Industry 3965 shipped $791.7 million of fasteners, buttons, needles, and pins products considered primary to the industry, $11.4 million of secondary products, and had $65.1 million of miscellaneous receipts, resales, and contract work. Thus, the ratio of primary products to the total of both secondary and primary products shipped by establishments in this industry was 99 percent (specialization ratio). In 1987, the specialization ratio was 97 percent. Establishments in this industry also accounted for 96 percent of products considered primary to the industry no matter where they were actually produced (coverage ratio). In 1987, the coverage ratio was 93 percent. The products primary to industry 3965, no matter in what industry they were produced, appear in file MC92F6A and aggregate to $825.0 million. For further explanation of specialization and coverage ratios, see file MC92F5B and the appendixes. The total cost of materials, services, and fuels and energy used by establishments classified in the fasteners, buttons, needles, and pins industry amounted to $379.6 million. Data on specific materials consumed appear in file MC92F7. Single-establishment companies in this industry with less than 5 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the census. The data for these establishments (and a small number of larger establishments whose reports were not received at the time the data were tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of other agencies or developed from industry averages. These establishments accounted for 12 percent of the total value of shipments.