IMPS Version 3.1 QUICKTAB Guide for the 1992 Truck Inventory and Use Survey (TIUS) Microdata File Transportation Characteristics Surveys Branch Bureau of the Census U. S. Department of Commerce Washington, D.C. 20233 June 1, 1995 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The software documented herein were developed by the International Statistical Programs Center of the United States Bureau of the Census through funding from the Office of Population of the United States Agency for International Development. Transportation Characteristics Surveys Branch modified the PUMS Guide for use with the Truck Inventory and Use Survey microdata file. Chapter 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chapter 2. Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Chapter 3. Getting Started. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3.1 Starting QUICKTAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3.1.1 Starting Frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3.1.2 Starting Cross-Tabulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.2 Starting the Data Dictionary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.2.1 Developing a Dictionary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.2.2 Listing a Data Dictionary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.3 Solving Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.4 Frequent Errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Chapter 4. General Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4.1 Running Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4.2 QUICKTAB without Menus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4.3 Memory Usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4.4 The IMPS.SYS file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4.5 Using IMPS on a Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Chapter 5. Introduction to Data Dictionary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5.1 What is a Data Dictionary?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5.2 Sections of a Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5.3 The Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5.4 Types (Values) of Responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5.5 Data Items. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5.6 Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5.7 Data Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5.8 Record Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Chapter 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 6.1 Types of Data Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 6.2 Length of Data Items. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 6.3 Values and Value Names with QUICKTAB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 6.4 Subitems: When and How to Use Them . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Chapter 7. Using the Data Dictionary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Chapter 8. Introduction to QUICKTAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 8.1 What is QUICKTAB? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 8.2 Common Uses of QUICKTAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 8.3 Capabilities of QUICKTAB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 8.3.1 Frequency Distributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 8.3.2 Cross-tabulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 8.3.3 Weighted Tabulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Chapter 9. Using QUICKTAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 9.1 Implications of Data Dictionary Value Name Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 9.2 Selection Criteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 9.3 Counts Versus Percentages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 9.4 Title of Report and Name of Tables File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 9.5 Choosing Dimensions for Cross-tabulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 9.6 Printing Tables from QUICKTAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 9.7 Rounding of Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Chapter 10. A QUICKTAB Example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 10.1 QUICKTAB Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 10.2. Record Selection (Defining Conditions for Tabulation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 10.3 Save and Reuse Selection Criteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 10.4 QUICKTAB Cross-tabulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Appendix A. Data Dictionary System Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Appendix B. QUICKTAB System limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Appendix C. Data Dictionary Run-time Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Appendix D. IMPS File Extensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Appendix E. Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 E.1 Convert Box Characters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 E.2 Merging Data Dictionaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 E.3 Recovering a Data Dictionary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Appendix F. Subitem Help List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 F.1 Subitems for FIPST. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 F.2 Subitems for Body Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 F.3 Subitems for Major Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Chapter 1. Introduction The Integrated Microcomputer Processing System (IMPS) performs the major tasks in census and survey data processing. This subset of IMPS contains the Data Dictionary and QUICKTAB components. They allow persons with little or no computer experience to quickly tabulate data files. IMPS requires the following hardware and software: Microcomputer : IBM PS/2, PC, or compatible Memory : 640 Kbytes (512 Kbytes available) Disk Storage : This subset of IMPS requires approximately 2.1 Mbytes of disk storage, broken down as follows: 0.3 MB - IMPS system files (menus) 0.9 MB - DATADICT 0.9 MB - QUICKTAB If you wish to store the TIUS data file and dictionary on your hard drive, their approximate space requirements are: 0.5 MB - TIUS.DD 78 MB - TI92MDF.DAT NOTE: Using the system requires some additional space for intermediate files. Printer : Should be capable of 132 character wide display DOS : DOS 3.3 or above Chapter 2. Installation The CD-ROM contains the Data Dictionary and QUICKTAB software. You can execute both systems directly from the CD-ROM without any special installation. However, if you wish to modify the Truck Inventory and Use Survey (TIUS) data dictionary you must copy it to your hard disk. Chapter 3. Getting Started The two IMPS modules on the CD-ROM are Data Dictionary (DD) and QUICKTAB (QT). The Data Dictionary is used to describe the data file, variables and values. QUICKTAB is used to do frequency distributions and cross tabulations using the values defined in the Data Dictionary. NOTE: If any screens are difficult or impossible to read because of the colors or gray scales, see Section 4.4.1 'Turning Color Off'. In the following explanations assume that your CD-ROM drive letter is "D". 3.1 Starting QUICKTAB Create a "working" directory on your hard disk, for example C:\WORK. From this directory, enter D:\TOOLS\QT to execute the QUICKTAB module. If requested, enter the network User-ID (any 3 characters, for example your initials). The QUICKTAB main menu should appear which gives, among other choices, "Frequencies" or "Cross Tabulations". See chapters 6, 8, and 9 for more details about QUICKTAB. 3.1.1 Starting Frequencies Press key again to select 'Frequencies'. Next to 'Data Dictionary file' type: D:\TOOLS\DOC\TIUS Next to 'Data file' type: D:\TOOLS\TI92MDF.DAT and press . Next to 'Saved settings' file: LEAVE BLANK and press . The following screen should appear: Records Tabulate View Print DOS Load Save End F1=Help ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ Records - select data items for frequencies Tabulate - produce frequencies: select data file, give title, give name for output file (.TBL always appended) View - look at a file (F1 gives Help Screen) Print - Print a file DOS - Execute a DOS command Load - Recall settings from a previous task (see Save) Save - Save settings for later use (see Load) End - Exits to QUICKTAB main menu NOTE: If you use the command, QUICKTAB saves the file in a non-ASCII format. If you want to print or use your file in another software program, use the *.TBL file. Press and the 'record name' (TRANSPORT) should appear. Press again, use the arrows to move and to select an item or two. Press key twice, once to return to the record names and again to return to the menu shown above. Use the arrow key to move the highlight bar over the 'Tabulate' option and press . Confirm that the data file is D:\TOOLS\TI92MDF.DAT by pressing . Confirm the report title by pressing . Press to confirm that the name of the output file should be FREQ (with an automatic extension of .TBL). After execution a table should be displayed on the screen. You are in the "View" program which allows users to look at ASCII files. The F1 key provides "Help" information about movement in the file and other functions. Press key to exit 'View' and again to exit QUICKTAB Frequencies. A box should appear with the question 'Save settings?'. To accept the default 'No', press the key. You should now be back at the QUICKTAB main menu. 3.1.2 Starting Cross-Tabulations Use the arrow key to move the highlight bar over the 'Cross-Tabulations' option and press the key. Next to 'Data Dictionary' file type/confirm: D:\TOOLS\DOC\TIUS and press . Next to 'Data file' type/confirm: D:\TOOLS\TI92MDF.DAT and press . Next to 'Saved settings' file: LEAVE BLANK and press . The following screen should appear: Records Tabulate View Print DOS Load Save End F1=Help ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ Press and the 'record name' TRANSPORT should appear. Press to get to the cross-tabulation template and again to get a list of variables. Use the arrows to move and to select an item for the 'Row' and the same procedure to select an item for the 'Column'. Press key twice, once to return to the record names and again to return to the menu shown above. Select the 'Tabulate' option and press . Confirm that the data file is TI92MDF.DAT by pressing . Confirm the report file title by pressing . Confirm that the name of the output file should be CROSSTAB (with an automatic extension of .TBL). A table should be displayed on the screen. Press key twice to exit QUICKTAB cross-tabulations. A box should appear with the question 'Save settings?'. To accept the default 'No', press the key. You should now be back at the QUICKTAB main menu. Press key to return to the DOS prompt C:\WORK. 3.2 Starting the Data Dictionary NOTE: This section can be skipped until you want to add or change a set of values for a data item (variable) in the Data Dictionary. QUICKTAB uses the sets of values assigned to a data item for distributions and cross tabulations. In your "working" directory on hard disk make a copy of the Data Dictionary, TIUS.DD. (This file cannot be modified on the CD-ROM.) From the directory C:\WORK, enter COPY D:\TOOLS\DOC\*.DD Enter D:\TOOLS\DD which executes the Data Dictionary module. If requested, enter the network User-ID (any 3 characters, for example your initials). The DATADICT main menu should appear with the options to "Develop" or "List" a Dictionary. 3.2.1 Developing a Dictionary Select this option to modify the contents of the data dictionary. Next to 'Data Dictionary file' type 'TIUS' (or press and select) and press . The following screen should appear: Common Records Layout Save End ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ NOTE: If the message 'Not enough memory' appears, you do not have conventional memory available to use IMPS. The Data Dictionary requires the most memory of all IMPS components, 512K bytes. See section 4.3 'Memory Usage' for suggestions on making more memory available. Continue by pressing the key. The following screen should appear: Item name Type Len Substart Start LINKID N11 1 Press key. Press key 'E' to END the session. A box should appear with the question 'Save Dictionary file?'. The default is 'Yes'. Since you have not changed the Data Dictionary, use the arrow key to move the highlight bar over 'No' and press the key. You should now be back at the Data Dictionary main menu. 3.2.2 Listing a Data Dictionary Select this option to create a listing of the contents of the Data Dictionary. (Note: The "DD" cannot be printed, this option creates a "LST" which is an ASCII print file.) Next to 'Data Dictionary file' type/confirm 'TIUS' (or press and select) and press . A formatted listing (TIUS.LST) will be displayed on the screen. This file can be printed for documentation purposes. Enter to return to the main Data Dictionary menu and again to return to the DOS prompt. NOTE: See Chapters 5, 6, and 7 for more details on the Data Dictionary. 3.3 Solving Problems Listed below are some symptoms, causes, and solutions to problems which can occur during the use of IMPS software. Symptom: You enter the D:\TOOLS\QT command and receive the message 'Bad command or file name'. Cause - The "QT" EXEcutable could not be found on the given drive or in the given directory. Action - Check that "D" is the CD-ROM drive, and the spelling of the path to "DD" is correct. Symptom: One of the following messages appears: R6005 not enough memory on exec R6008 not enough space for arguments R6009 not enough space for environment Cause - There is not enough conventional memory to load and execute a program in the IMPS component. Action - See section 4.3 below for a discussion of memory problems. Symptom: When the END option is chosen in an IMPS component, the DOS prompt appears instead of the IMPS (DATADICT or QUICKTAB) menu from which it was started. Cause - There is not enough conventional memory to reload the appropriate IMPS menu. Action - See section 4.3 below for a discussion of memory problems. 3.4 Frequent Errors Problem: Message "$$XCTL$$" is in use, try again later" Cause: User is trying to execute QUICKTAB from CD-ROM directory. Solution: User's current directory is probably D:\TOOLS\QT on CD-ROM. The current directory must be on a writable device. Go to your "working" directory (C:\WORK) and restart QUICKTAB. Problem: Message "$$XCTL$$" is Read Only" Cause: User made files Read-Only (+R) after executing QUICKTAB. Solution: In user's current directory enter >attrib -r $$*.* Then retry. Problem: Frequency or Cross Tab tables have no counts. All cells have dashes (-) in them. Cause: Data file is incorrect. Solution: The user has selected a "data file" which is not TI92MDF.DAT. Go back to "Tabulate" and enter TI92MDF.DAT as the data file. Chapter 4. General Considerations 4.1 Running Applications To use QUICKTAB you must have a Data Dictionary (DD) which describes the data file you are tabulating. The \TOOLS\DOC directory contains the TIUS data dictionary, TIUS.DD which describes the TIUS data file. You don't need to create a dictionary for the TIUS microdata file. Programs must be executed from a user's directory on your hard disk, rather than a directory on the CD-ROM, so that intermediate and print files can be written. Enter the following: C:CD\WORK [All intermediate and output files will be placed in this directory] To use DD or QUICKTAB, simply make selections from the menus. To make a selection, either move the highlight bar to the choice and press , or type the first letter (number) of the choice. When you execute any IMPS procedure you will be prompted for the necessary file names. In most of the menus, the following function keys can be used: F1 provides help for the current menu screen. F2 can be used wherever a file name is entered. It gives an alphabetical listing of file names in the directory path specified. If no directory path is specified, the listing comes from the current directory. If the file name to be entered has a fixed extension, for example .DD, only files with this extension will be listed. If the file name to be entered can have any extension, then the extension specified in the current file name is used to limit the listing. If no extension is present, all files will be listed. For example, if you are trying to enter the name of a data file in the current directory with an extension of .DAT, but cannot remember the file name, you can type .DAT and then press . IMPS will list in alphabetical order all the data files in the current directory with the extension .DAT. F3 can be used to begin processing once all the required file names have been entered. 4.2 QUICKTAB without Menus To use QUICKTAB outside of the menu system, the user can call one of two programs, FREQ or CROSSTAB. The batch commands below could be used D:\TOOLS\QT\FREQ dictionary-file data-file save-file or D:\TOOLS\QT\CROSSTAB dictionary-file data-file save-file 4.3 Memory Usage The following list shows the amount of conventional memory required by each of the components of IMPS: Data Dictionary 512K QUICKTAB 425K To use either component of IMPS the user should have at least 512K of available conventional memory. In any version of DOS you can find the amount of available memory (bytes free) using the CHKDSK command. In DOS 4.0 and above, it is easier and quicker to use the MEM command. There are several ways to increase the amount of conventional memory available: 1) Remove any unneeded memory resident programs (for example, SIDEKICK, VIRUSCAN, PRINT, or FASTOPEN). These programs stay in memory after they are used, leaving less memory available for IMPS. If you have DOS 4.0 or above, you can inspect the contents of memory for resident programs by using the command MEM/PROGRAM. If you have DOS 5.0, you can use MEM/C. 2) If you are using IMPS on a network, you will find that some of the network software is memory resident. Check your network software documentation to determine how you might make more conventional memory available by placing network software in extended memory. 3) If you are using DOS 5.0, put DOS=HIGH in your CONFIG.SYS file. This will place part of DOS in high memory, which most new computers contain. 4) If you are using DOS 6.0 and have a 80386 or 80486 processor, you may be able to free conventional memory by using the MEMMAKER program which comes with DOS. 4.4 The IMPS.SYS file The file IMPS.SYS contains paths to the various components of IMPS and various settings required by IMPS. DATADICT=DD QUICKTAB=QT 4.5 Using IMPS on a Network The IMPS Data Dictionary and QUICKTAB can be used on a network. You may wish to have data stored on a file server which can be analyzed by multiple users. The Data Dictionary files can also be stored on a file server. However, if a user attempts to modify an IMPS Data Dictionary stored on a network, no other user on the network can access that Data Dictionary while it is being modified. Therefore, you may wish to modify data dictionaries on a local hard disk. If you are attached to a network or have a network card in your computer, IMPS programs ask you for a network User-ID. You can enter any three characters in response. If you would like to eliminate this request, enter the following DOS command before using IMPS: SET IMPSNET=nnn where "nnn" are any three characters. Chapter 5. Introduction to Data Dictionary 5.1 What is a Data Dictionary? The Data Dictionary is used to give a description or a picture of how data are (or will be) stored in a file . It provides a meaningful name for data items and defines characteristics such as whether the data item is made up of numbers or letters, how many characters or digits there are in a data item, and whether a data item has an assumed decimal point. In short, the Data Dictionary also allows you to define the overall structure of a data file. 5.2 Sections of a Questionnaire The body of a questionnaire is often divided into sections, each of which asks a related set of questions. 5.3 The Questions The basic element of the questionnaire is the question. Each section of the questionnaire contains a set of questions asked for the TIUS. For example, When did you obtain this vehicle? How many miles was the vehicle driven during 1992? We will refer to the response as the data item. 5.4 Types (Values) of Responses All TIUS responses have been coded as numeric. 5.5 Data Items A data item contains the response to a question. It is the basic element of a questionnaire. VEHTYP, BODTYP, and AVGWT are examples of data items. 5.6 Records A record corresponds to one truck or one questionnaire. It is a group of data items. 5.7 Data Files The TIUS microdata file, TI92MDF.DAT is a collection of all the responses to questionnaires about trucks. 5.8 Record Types In the TIUS microdata file every record in the data file has the same structure. Chapter 6. Defining Data 6.1 Types of Data Items The TIUS microdata file consists of data items that are numeric. This classification is important to QUICKTAB. In QUICKTAB, the decimal point will be implied. When values are defined for data items defined as having decimal places, these values are shown on the Data Dictionary listing without decimal points. Defining a data item as having decimal places serves only for documentation purposes. In QUICKTAB, values or value ranges in row stubs or column headings are shown without decimal points, regardless of how they were defined in the Data Dictionary. A data item may be broken into subitems. That is, one or more subitems may make up a data item. For example, an item called DATE might be a 6-digit item consisting of day, month, and year. This item might be divided into three 2-digit subitems: DAY, MONTH, and YEAR. A detailed discussion of subitems appears later in this chapter. TIUS data items don't have negative values. However, if it becomes necessary to handle negative data, it is possible to define the sign as a separate alphanumeric field. A QUICKTAB cross- tabulation can use the sign field as one of the fields. 6.2 Length of Data Items In selecting an appropriate length for a data item definition in the Data Dictionary, one must know the largest value for the data item. A data item of any length can be defined in the Data Dictionary, but if it is longer than 15 digits/characters, it cannot be referenced in QUICKTAB. In TIUS microdata file, values for numeric data items are right-justified, zero filled. For example, if a 5-position item is defined as numeric, and it has the value 45, it will be placed on the file as 0 0 0 4 5 6.3 Values and Value Names with QUICKTAB QUICKTAB is a menu-driven module of IMPS which produces frequency distributions and cross-tabulations rapidly. QUICKTAB allows you to select any item or subitem that was defined in the Data Dictionary. For example, you can produce a cross-tabulation of BODTYP and VEHTYP. There are some restrictions in QUICKTAB. Alphanumeric items which do not have values defined cannot be selected or referenced in QUICKTAB. Items and subitems with occurrences cannot be referenced in QUICKTAB. Within the Data Dictionary definitions, you can define data item value ranges the way you would like to see them in the QUICKTAB tables. Moreover, through the use of subitems, you can define the same item several times, with a different set of value ranges for each definition. QUICKTAB produces certain statistics (minimum value, maximum value, mean and standard deviation) for quantitative data items. In order to define a data item so that these statistics are produced by QUICKTAB, do the following: Define the item or subitem as numeric. Either omit values and value names altogether, or include only values. In short, data items which represent quantitative values should be defined without value names. AVGWT is an example of such an item. But numeric items which describe categories, such as BODTYP or PRNPRO should be defined with value names. 6.4 Subitems: When and How to Use Them Subitems redefine data items. They allow you to refer to the same data field in several different ways in QUICKTAB. Indicate that the data name is to be a subitem by giving the subitem's start position within the item in the 'substart' column. If the subitem starts in the same position as the item, use the same start position as the item. Make sure that the subitem length is less than or equal to the item length. You may wish to examine a cross-tabulation of two items but find that there are too many values for an item to allow creation of the table. Typical TIUS data items in which subitems may be required for cross-tabulations are STATE, BODTYP, or MAJOR USE. You can redefine one of the items as several Data Dictionary subitems: the first subitem will define values for the lower part of the range, the next subitem will define values for the next part of the range, and so on. You can then cross-tabulate the first item by each subitem. Before you create subitems, determine if you can select the wider data item as your first column and a short one as the second column, as in body type (BODTYP) by vehicle type (VEHTYP). If you do need to create subitems, make sure you have copied TIUS.DD to the work space on your hard drive. For example, you may be interested in cross tabulations of state (FIPST) by body type (BODTYP). Regardless of which data item is selected as the first column, your tabulation will exceed QUICKTABþs twenty column limit. Creating Census regions as sub-items for FIPST: At the D:\TOOLS\DD prompt, type DD. Select 'Develop' and at the next prompt, type the directory on your hard drive where you copied the TIUS data dictionary and filename (example: C:\WORK\TIUS.DD). Select 'Record'. This brings up the list of data items in the dictionary. Move the cursor down to the next data item, SAMTYP, and press the to insert a new field. Type the first subitem as 'SOUTHATL' (for South Atlantic) and press enter. You should see FIPST linked to SOUTHATL. Go across the columns and enter the same information for data type, etc. as shown for FIPST. At the SUBITEM START, make sure you type '12', the same starting position for FIPST. Now you have to enter the values for SOUTHATL. You can copy all of FIPST values to SOUTHATL or type them. We recommend you copy the values from the data item to the subitem and then delete those you donþt need. This way you'll avoid mistakes in typing. Select FIPST and press . Press and select all the states. Press >. Now move the highlight bar to SOUTHATL and press . Press and say 'Y' to append from FIPST to SOUTHATL. Use to delete all but these states: Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. Follow these same steps to create the remaining regions as shown in Appendix F. Create subitems for body type (BODTYP). We've recommended some subitems for BODTYP in Appendix F. You use the same steps as when you created the subitem SOUTHATL. Select 'Record'. This brings up the list of data items in the dictionary. Move the cursor down to the next data item, NAXLES, and press the key to insert a new field. Type the first subitem as 'SMALLTRKS' (for small trucks) and press enter. You should see BODTYP linked to SMALLTRKS. Go across the columns and enter the same information for data type, etc. as shown for FIPST. At the SUBITEM START, make sure you type '58', the same starting position for BODTYP. Now you have to enter the values for SMALLTRKS. Select BODTYP and press . Press and select all the body types. Press . Now move the highlight bar to SMALLTRKS and press . Press and say 'Y' to append from BODTYP to SMALLTRKS. Use to delete all but these body types: PICKUP, VAN NOT MINIVAN, UTILITY SPORTS, STATION WAGON, and MINI-VAN. Be sure to save your dictionary when you exit this portion of IMPS. You may save the dictionary with the same name, TIUS.DD, but remember that you will overwrite the existing TIUS.DD. You may also save the dictionary with a new name, so be sure to use .DD as the file extension. Chapter 7. Using the Data Dictionary A Data Dictionary is usually designed from a record layout of the data file. We have already created the TIUS data dictionary and recommend that you don't make changes except for creating sub-items when necessary. If you have not done so already, we recommend that you go back to Section 3.2.2 and read the instructions for creating an ASCII file of the TIUS data dictionary. Then, you may import the file into your own word processing software for printing or use the DD menu to print it. If you would like more information about creating your own data dictionary, refer to the PUMS Guide (\TOOLS\DOC\PUMSQT.WP or PUMSQT.DOC) for a detailed explanation. Chapter 8. Introduction to QUICKTAB 8.1 What is QUICKTAB? QUICKTAB is the module of the Integrated Microcomputer Processing System (IMPS), used to quickly analyze the contents of a file. Like other components of IMPS, it requires that the file to be analyzed be described through the IMPS Data Dictionary. Both subject-matter specialists and computer programmers can easily use QUICKTAB. There is no programming language to learn. The system is entirely menu-driven and can be learned in a matter of minutes. 8.2 Common Uses of QUICKTAB QUICKTAB can be used simply as a table-producing system to analyze the contents of a survey or census file. The tables can be used in publications, if their format is adequate, or they can be used as analysis tools. 8.3 Capabilities of QUICKTAB QUICKTAB produces two types of tables: frequency distributions and cross-tabulations. Cross-tabulations may be 2-way or 3-way. 8.3.1 Frequency Distributions Frequency distributions are tables which show the frequency of occurrence of values for a data item. The characteristics of the data item (its name, location in the file, length in characters, etc.) and the expected values for the item are defined during the creation of the Data Dictionary. Frequency distributions show counts and percentages for each value defined in the Data Dictionary, and for the total of undefined values. A row is generated for each of the defined values, with one more row for undefined values. Frequency distributions can be done on a subset of a file. The user designates the selection criteria, such as model year 1987 and later. The frequency distributions can be weighted. In frequency distributions of quantitative data, such as empty weight, average weight, or annual miles statistics are also shown. Specifically, these are minimum, maximum, mean, and standard deviation. In order for QUICKTAB to produce such statistics, there can be no value names associated with the first set of the values defined for the item in the Data Dictionary. 8.3.2 Cross-tabulations Cross-tabulations display relationships between 2 or 3 data items. Most users of TIUS data will find the cross-tabulation function more pertinent to their requirements than generating frequency tables. For instance, QUICKTAB can produce cross-tabulations of vehicle type by body type by annual miles. The user can elect to display cross-tabulations in terms of actual counts or as percentages of the total. As with frequency distributions, the counts in cross-tabulations may be unweighted or weighted. QUICKTAB allows for the selection of a subset of the file for tabulation. The tabulations can show only the defined values of data items, or they can show both defined and undefined values. 8.3.3 Weighted Tabulations Both frequency distributions and cross-tabulations allow the use of a weight value (the data item EXPANF). To obtain accurate information we recommend you construct weighted tables using EXPANF. Users will find that tables created using EXPANF will provide the kind of information they're seeking. Chapter 9. Using QUICKTAB 9.1 Implications of Data Dictionary Value Name Definitions Within the Data Dictionary definitions, you can define data item value ranges the way you would like to see them in the QUICKTAB tables. Moreover, you can define the same item several times, with a different set of value ranges for each definition. Redefinition is done by defining an item as a subitem. For frequency distributions, a row is automatically generated for each of the defined values and an additional row for all undefined values. Undefined values are values not included in the definition for a data item in the Data Dictionary. In creating cross-tabulations, the user may elect to include a column and row for undefined values. Cross-tabulations compare data items within one record type, but may not include data items of different record types. The system warns against crossing an item with itself, but does not prohibit it. Crossing an item by a subitem, and a subitem by another subitem, is also permitted. Some other implications of value names and value range names are: (a) If the names are given for all value ranges, the names and ranges appear in the tables at the intervals defined. (b) If names are given for value ranges, and some names define split ranges, then the items for all parts of the split range will be totaled for the table. (c) If names are not given for value ranges but there are multiple value ranges, the ranges themselves will appear as the row or column or layer heading. (d) If names are not given for numeric value ranges, and there is only one value range, and the item is defined as 1 or 2 digits in length, then a row, column, or layer is defined for each value in the range. (e) If names are not given for numeric value ranges, and there is only one value range. and the item is defined as 3 or more digits in length, then a row or column is defined for a group of values so there will be ten or less groups. For example, if the item is 3 digits long and the range is 000 to 999, then the 10 groups will be 000-099, 100-199, ... 900-999. If the item is 4 digits long and the range is 4731 to 6342, then the 3 groups will be 4731-4999, 5000-5999 and 6000-6342. (f) If no values are defined for a numeric item, QUICKTAB behaves as though one value range from 0 to the maximum possible value of the item was defined. 9.2 Selection Criteria QUICKTAB will let you store your selection criteria when running Frequencies and Cross-tabulations so you can recall and modify them later. 9.3 Counts Versus Percentages Frequency distributions show counts and percentages for each value defined in the Data Dictionary, and for all undefined values. For cross-tabulations, you can show the table cells as counts or as percentages of the records that were included in the cross tabulation. In each table, the record counts and percentages are all based on a single record type, the one containing the data item which was selected. 9.4 Title of Report and Name of Tables File QUICKTAB produces a report of frequency distributions and of cross-tabulations. You may select the default heading for these reports or you may customize your heading. In addition, users may use the default print file names (FREQ.TBL and CROSSTAB.TBL), or designate their own DOS filename. 9.5 Choosing Dimensions for Cross-tabulations QUICKTAB allows you to specify which data item will be displayed in the rows, which in the columns, and in the case of a 3-way cross-tabulation, for which data item the tables repeat (layer item). At most, 20 columns are allowed. If the data item selected to appear in the columns has more than 20 value names defined, a message is displayed so you may reconfigure the cross-tabulation display to make that data item either appear in the rows or to make it the layer item. Therefore, the column item is usually the only one that might present a problem in terms of the number of values defined. 9.6 Printing Tables from QUICKTAB Appearing on both the Frequencies and Cross-tabulations menus is an entry called PRINT. This allows an easy method of printing QUICKTAB tables. When you choose PRINT, QUICKTAB asks if your printer is capable of printing box characters which appear in the tables. These are the solid horizontal and vertical lines in the tables. If you reply 'No', QUICKTAB converts these graphic characters to characters printable on any printer. (If you are not sure if your printer prints these characters, answer 'Yes' and print a single small table, then examine the result.) After you reply 'Yes' or 'No', if there is no printer on-line, QUICKTAB allows you to turn on the printer or cancel the request to print. Some tables may be wider than 80 characters. If this is the case, then make sure that you are either using a wide carriage printer with wide paper, or put your printer into compressed mode. (The procedure for setting compressed mode varies depending on the type of printer.) QUICKTAB places as many tables as possible on a page without breaking the table. A table is broken only if the number of rows make it longer than the page length. 9.7 Rounding of Results When tabulations are weighted, QUICKTAB increases table cells by the value of weight instead of by the value 1 for each occurrence of a response. Weights with implied decimal places are treated as integers when QUICKTAB is passing the data file. Percentages are also rounded in the standard manner. They are calculated as the number of records having a certain response divided by the total number of records included in the table. They are shown at 1 decimal place. Chapter 10. A QUICKTAB Example This section demonstrates the use of QUICKTAB by describing an example which uses the TIUS data dictionary and TI92MDF.DAT found on the CD-ROM. 10.1 QUICKTAB Frequency To initiate this QUICKTAB example ENTER the following command from your working directory (C:\WORK>): D:\TOOLS\QT When the QUICKTAB introductory screen appears, press any key or enter your network initials if required. (If your computer is connected to a Local Area Network, a User-ID will be requested. Enter one to three characters: letters and/or numbers.) The QUICKTAB main menu will appear. Select Frequencies from this menu. Next to 'Data dictionary File:' type 'D:\TOOLS\DOC\TIUS' and press . Next to 'Data File:' type 'D:\TOOLS\TI92MDF.DAT' and press . Next to 'Saved settings file:' LEAVE BLANK and press . The screen presented has the 'Frequencies menu' at the top with the following choices: Records Tabulate View Print DOS Load Save End The cursor should be 'highlighting' the 'Records' option. As an example, start by choosing 'Records' from the menu. Press when 'Records' is highlighted. A window showing the record defined for the TIUS microdata file appears. The example has one type, 'TRANSPORT'. Press key. Another window appears that has a list of all the data items. Move the highlight bar down (using the arrow keys) to BODTYP and press . A small block appears to the left of the entry indicating that it has been selected. Now select VEHTYP (for the 2nd column) in the same way. Note that the key is a toggle operation, if the item is selected, then deselects it. On the other hand, if the item is not selected, then selects it. Press to return to the record type menu. The window should appear that says 2 from TRANSPORT RECORD items have been selected. Move the highlight bar to weight. There is only one data item that weights the table: EXPANF. Press . Now that you have selected all your parameters, press . To generate the frequency distribution report, select the 'Tabulate' option. TI92MDF.DAT should appear as the data file, press to accept. Next, QUICKTAB asks for a report title, which will appear at the top of each page of the frequency report. A default title of the name of the data file is provided. You can use this title or type your own title and press . Next, QUICKTAB asks if the name of the output file should be FREQ (with an automatic extension of .TBL). If you prefer another name for the output table, you can type it here. If a file with that name already exists, QUICKTAB will ask you if you want to overwrite it. After you enter the name of the output file, the program is executed and the resulting tables are shown on the screen. A row is generated for each of the defined values and an additional row for all undefined values. Undefined values are values other than those defined in the Data Dictionary. There may be up to six columns in the report. In each table, the record counts and percentages are all based on a single record type, the one containing the data item which was selected. Use the 'Page Up', 'Page Down', and arrow keys to scroll through the tables. Press for further help in viewing the tables and, in general, you might note that is a 'help' key in the system. Under 'Frequency:' Explanation of headings.  Total the number of records which had the indicated value  Percent the percentage of records which had the indicated value. The base of the percentage is all the selected records.  % Def. the percentage of records which have defined values. The base of the percentage is all selected records excluding those which have values other than those defined in the Data Dictionary.  % Valid the percentage of records which have an applicable response. The base of the percentage is all selected records excluding those which have values other than those defined in the Data Dictionary and those which have a NR (not reported) or NA (not applicable) response. Under 'Cumulative'  Total the cumulative number of records  Percent the cumulative percentage calculated with total number of records selected. The Percent Valid column is included only if NR (not reported) or NA (not applicable) is defined for the item in the Data Dictionary. Numeric data items without value 'names' have the following descriptive statistics provided at the end of the frequency distribution table:  Min the minimum value for the item in the file  Max the maximum value for the item in the file  N the number of values in the file  Mean the average of the values for the item in the file  SD the standard deviation of the value for the item in the file (uses N-1 as the denominator) 10.2. Record Selection (Defining Conditions for Tabulation) Suppose that you want the frequency report to include only trucks for Arkansas, New Mexico, and Texas . These states represent a 'universe'. Only data that satisfy them will be included in the frequency report. From the Frequencies menu select 'Records' again. Note the word 'Universe' in column 4 of the menu. The user may specify a 'universe' for each record type. Move the highlight bar over to UNIVERSE and press "Y". The next screen allows you to select universe items. Move the highlight bar to FIPST and press . Select "=" and then select ARKANSAS. Now you're back at the UNIVERSE screen. Press again and menu pops up saying "AND" "OR". Press "OR" and follow the same sequence of keystrokes to select NEW MEXICO. Repeat the same steps again to select TEXAS. Press to return to the Frequencies menu at the top of the screen. Move the highlight bar to "TABULATE" to create your table. EXAMPLE*****EXAMPLE*****EXAMPLE (For examples purposes only a portion of the table is shown) IMPS Version 3.1 Data file: TI92MDF.DAT Record: TRANSPORT Universe: FIPST = ARKANSAS OR FIPST = NEW MEXICO OR FIPST = TEXAS Weight: EXPANF Item: BODTYP Frequency Cumulative Values Total Percent % Valid Total Percent PICKUP 3366953 64.6 64.6 3666953 64.6 VAN NOT MINIVAN 427127 7.5 7.5 4094080 72.1 MULTI-STOP/STEP 21107 .4 4.5 4115187 72.5 PLATFORM W/DEV 12365 .2 .2 4127552 72.7 LOW BOY 8198 .1 .1 4135750 72.9 BASIC PLATFORM 70359 1.2 1.2 4206109 74.1 LIVESTOCK TRUCK 2295 .0 .0 4208404 74.1 INSUL NON-REFRIG 1230 .0 .0 4209634 74.2 INSULATED REFRIG 11395 .2 .2 4221029 74.4 DROP FRAME VAN 3256 .1 .1 4224285 74.4 After examining the tables, press to return to the Frequencies menu and then select End. Select 'No' when asked if you wish to save the settings. (See next section.) 10.3 Save and Reuse Selection Criteria You can save your data item and universe selections to disk by using the 'Save' option from the Frequencies menu. Saved selections can be used again later by QUICKTAB. To retrieve saved settings, which are assigned a .QTF file extension, choose the 'Load' option from the Frequencies menu. Press key for the selection of .QTF files available or enter the name directly if it is known. This procedure does not reproduce the frequencies associated with these settings, it merely sets the data item selections, the weights, and universes to the values they contained when this .QTF file was saved. 10.4 QUICKTAB Cross-tabulations Select a Record and then which data items from that record you wish to cross tabulate. You must first choose which data items you wish to examine and then run the cross-tabulation program. For example, choose 'Records' from the menu line at the top of the screen. Leave the highlight bar over the record type and press . A window appears that has boxes for three items, a column to select results to appear as Counts or Percentages, and a column to select whether or not to include a row and column in the table to count 'undefined' values. Move the highlight bar down (using the arrow keys) to BODTYP and press . A small block appears to the left of the entry indicating that it has been selected as the 'Row Item'. Now select VEHTYP for the 'Column Item' in the same way. Press to return to the record type menu. The window should appear that says 2 from TRANSPORT RECORD items have been selected. To create a universe of ARKANSAS, NEW MEXICO, and TEXAS, use the same steps in the Frequency table example. Move the highlight bar to weight. There is only one data item that weights the table: EXPANF. Press . Now that you have selected all your parameters, press . You have selected a weighted 2-way tabulation BODTYP (row) by VEHTYP (column) for the universe of Arkansas, New Mexico, and Texas. EXAMPLE*****EXAMPLE*****EXAMPLE (For examples purposes only a portion of the table is shown) IMPS Version 3.1 Data file: C:\TOOLS\TI92MDF.DAT Record: TRANSPORT Universe: FIPST = ARKANSAS OR FIPST = NEW MEXICO OR FIPST = TEXAS Weight: EXPANF Count: BODTYP by VEHTYP STRAIGHT STRAIGHT TRUCK TR Total NO TRL W/TRL Total 5676612 5482027 108716 85869 PICKUP 3666953 3597657 69296 - VAN NOT MINIVAN 427127 417440 9687 - MULTI-STOP/STEP 21107 20660 447 - PLATFORM W/DEV 12366 10833 1026 507 LOW BOY 8198 819 1397 5982 BASIC PLATFORM 70359 48041 9626 12692 LIVESTOCK TRUCK 2296 787 382 1127 INSUL NON-REFRIG 1230 231 - 999 INSULATED REFRIG 11394 3997 307 7090 DROP FRAME VAN 3256 882 74 2300 Press to return to the Cross-tabulations menu. You can save your data item and universe selections to disk by using the 'Save' option. Saved selections can be used again later by QUICKTAB. To retrieve saved settings, which are assigned a .QTX file extension, choose the 'Load' option from the Cross Tabulation menu. Press key for the selection of .QTX files available or enter the name directly if it is known. NOTE: .QTX files are not in ASCII format. Files with .TBL are in ASCII format.  QUICKTAB has some 'Help' screens which are displayed by pressing . It has many features which are not discussed here. The best approach is to take a few minutes and 'play/practice' with it. Read the 'Help' screens and try some of the options.  If the 'Box Characters' do not print correctly on your printer, the font needs to be changed. QUICKTAB uses the IBM PC character set. For HP laser printers the symbolic set 'PC-8' can be used. Appendix A. Data Dictionary System Limits Term Valid Values IMPS long name length 1 to 16 characters IMPS short name length 1 to 8 characters Length of record type code 1 to 12 characters/digits Record types in Data Dictionary 0 to 98 Items in Data Dictionary 0 to 1000 Items per record type 1 to 1000 Common items in Data Dictionary 0 to 100 Values in Data Dictionary 0 to 2800 Number of lines on the values menu 0 to 1000 Number of values copied at one time 1 to 2000 Number of items moved at one time 1 to 2000 Record length 1 to 9999 characters Records in any one record type (Max) 1 to 5000 Length of alphanumeric item 1 to 9999 characters Length of numeric item 1 to 15 digits Decimal places of numeric item 0 to 3 Item occurrences 1 to 9999 Appendix B. QUICKTAB System limits FREQUENCY Tables Max number of rows = 500 Max number of item values = 4,090 Max number of items selected = 1,200 Max lines of universe logic = 100 CROSSTAB Tables Max number of rows = 500 Max number of columns = 20 Max number of cells = 8,000 Max number of item values = 4,090 Max number of tables = 100 Max lines of universe logic = 100 Appendix C. Data Dictionary Run-time Error Messages Can't find Dictionary. Cause - Requested Data Dictionary not in working directory. Action - Check spelling and path name of file name. Can't read Dictionary. Cause - Data Dictionary cannot be read. DOS error or Data Dictionary corrupted beyond normal recovery. Action - Check to see if the correct file is being used. If the Data Dictionary is unreadable, use the Recover Data Dictionary Utility to restore the Data Dictionary from a previously backed up Data Dictionary instructions file (.DI). DISK ERROR -- Dict not saved. Cause - Disk error. Not a Data Dictionary problem. The operating system has indicated to the program that the specified file name could not be saved. Problem could be a full disk. Action - Check the integrity of the disk. DISK ERROR -- Can't back up Dict. Cause - Disk error. Not a Data Dictionary problem. The operating system has indicated to the program that a backup (.DD!) for the specified file name could not be saved. Action - Check the integrity of the disk. DISK FULL -- Dict not saved. Cause - The operating system has indicated to the program that there is insufficient space on the disk to save the Data Dictionary. Action - Use another disk or remove some files from the disk being used. DISK FULL -- Can't back up Dict. Cause - The operating system has indicated to the program that there is insufficient space on the disk to save the internal system Data Dictionary backup. Action - Use another disk or remove some files from the disk being used. Maximum record types is 98. Cause - Attempt to create more than 98 record types. Action - Reduce number of record types. Maximum items is 1000. Cause - Attempt to define more than 1000 items. Action - Reduce the number of items. No records defined. Cause - No records were defined in current Data Dictionary. Action - Define at least one record. Invalid IMPS name. Cause - Maximum of 16 character name can be defined. Only letters, digits and '-' are allowed. The first character must be an alphabetic letter and the last character must not be a '-'. Action - Use another name. Duplicate record type value. Cause - The record type value has already been assigned to another record type. Action - Use another value or change the value of the other record type. Duplicate name (record type). Cause - The record type name has already been assigned to another record type. Action - Use another name or change the name of the other record type. Duplicate name (COMMON item). Cause - The common item name has already been assigned to another item. Action - Use another name. Duplicate name (item in '(record name))'. Cause - The record type name has already been assigned to another record type. Action - Use another name. Items and subitems can't both occur. Cause - Cannot have occurrences on both an item and redefining subitems. Action - Remove occurrence of item or subitem. Decimals must be <= length. Cause - Decimal length must be less than, or equal to, item length. The item length includes the decimal length. Action - Reduce decimal length or increase item length. Duplicate value name. Cause - Value names within an item must be unique. Action - Use another name. 'From' value must be < 'to' value. Cause - The value range specified the lower limit as greater than or equal to the upper limit. Action - Check the range limit and correct. Max length for numeric item is 15. Cause - The length specified for a numeric data item was more the 15 digits. Action - Make the item length between 1 and 15. Subitem extends past end of item. Cause - Subitem length cannot go beyond last character of corresponding item. Action - Change the length of the subitem so that is falls within the item or make the item length longer. Can't mix BLANK with a value. Cause - BLANK cannot be part of a value range. It must be a separate value. Action - Remove BLANK from range or have BLANK specified as a single value. Maximum records must be <= 5000. Cause - Maximum number of records of any one record type must be <= 5000. Action - Change the value to be between 1 and 5000, inclusive. Maximum record length is 9999. Cause - The maximum record length must be less than 10,000 characters in length. Action - Reduce the record length by removing items from record type. Also you may attempt to move excess data items from current record type to another record type, if possible. No room for more values. Cause - The Data Dictionary already contains the maximum number of values. Action - Use discreet values or ranges more sparingly. Values to append have length xxxx. Cause - Cannot copy values to an item with a smaller item length. Action - Enter the values individually. Can't place item(s) here -- overlap. Cause - Layout mode placement error. Action - Move intervening field. Can't move; intervening COMMON field. Cause - Layout mode placement error. Action - Move intervening field. This name is reserved for IMPS use. Cause - IMPS reserved names cannot be used. Action - Use another name. Appendix D. IMPS File Extensions Data Dictionary Extension File Description .DD Data Dictionary file. .DD! Backup file of .DD created each time the Data Dictionary is edited. .DI Backup Data Dictionary instructions file of .DD created each time the Data Dictionary is edited. .LST Data Dictionary listing file. QUICKTAB Extension File Description .QTF Settings for a set of frequency distributions .QTX Settings for a set of cross-tabulations .TBL Print file containing tables. Appendix E. Utilities In order to use any of the utilities, choose 'Utilities' from the appropriate menu. E.1 Convert Box Characters This utility converts 'line draw' characters (used with laser printers) to 'line printer' characters (used with non-laser printers). E.2 Merging Data Dictionaries The merge utility permits the joining of two Data Dictionary files. These Data Dictionary files can contain definition of records developed by different members of a Data Dictionary design team. After each team member completes his/her task, the Data Dictionary parts can be combined to a master Data Dictionary. This utility cannot be used to add new items to an existing record type. In order to use this utility, follow these rules: - If COMMON data items are defined, they must have identical names, locations, and lengths. - If only one Data Dictionary has COMMON data items defined, it must be the first Data Dictionary. - If both Data Dictionaries have record types, the record types must be in the same starting position and be of the same length. - If only one Data Dictionary has record type defined, it must be the first. The second Data Dictionary will be assigned the next available number. - If neither Data Dictionaries have record type defined, the first Data Dictionary will be assigned '1' and the second will be assigned '2'. - Record type names, codes, and item names must be unique. If any of the above rules are violated, the Data Dictionaries will not be merged. Of course, system limits such as maximum record types must also be obeyed for the Data Dictionary merge to be successful. To run the merge utility, select the 'Merge Dictionaries' option from the Utilities Menu of Data Dictionary. The merge utility can also be used to update record types in a Data Dictionary. Individual record types can be developed or modified in a separate Data Dictionary file and later added to the master. The process involves the deletion of the record type in the master Data Dictionary and adding the updated record type. E.3 Recovering a Data Dictionary Data Dictionary files may become corrupted due to hardware, system, or user error. Occasionally, the user may also encounter an 'Integrity violation' message while developing a Data Dictionary. As a safeguard, a Data Dictionary instructions file is generated by the system. This instructions file contains a backup of the saved Data Dictionary when the developer was last exited normally. The file has the extension '.DI'. Should the Data Dictionary file (.DD) become corrupted, you can regenerate the .DD file from the .DI file by running the Data Dictionary recovery utility. The layout of the .DI file is exactly the same as the Data Dictionary listing except that headers and blank lines are commented (period in position 1) and form feeds are not generated. The Data Dictionary instructions file uses fixed positional parameters. Users should not attempt to modify the .DI file. The system assumes a very strict format and does very little checking of instructions. To run the recovery utility, select the 'Recover Dictionary' option from the Utilities Menu of Data Dictionary. Appendix F. Subitem Help List F.1 Subitems for FIPST by Geographic Division NORTHEAST New England: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania NORTH CENTRAL East North Central: Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin West North Central: Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas SOUTH South Atlantic: Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida East South Central: Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas WEST Mountain: Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada Pacific: Washington, Oregon, California, Alaska, Hawaii F.2 Subitems for Body Type SMALLTRUCKS: PICKUP, VAN NOT MINIVAN, UTILITY SPORTS, MINI-VAN, STATION WAGON, NA, NR PLATFORM TYPES: PLATFORM W/DEV, LOW BOY, BASIC PLATFORM VAN TYPES: MULTI-STOP/STEP, INSUL NON-REFRIG, INSULATED REFRIG, DROP FRAME VAN, OPEN TOP VAN, BASIC ENCLOSED, NA, NR SPECIALIZED USE: BEVERAGE TRUCK, LIVESTOCK TRUCK, UTILITY TRUCK, WINCH/CRANE TRUCK, WRECKER, POLE LOGGING, AUTO TRANSPORT, SERVICE TRUCK, YARD TRACTOR, OILFIELD TRUCK, GRAIN BODIES, GARBAGE TRUCK, DUMP TRUCK, TANK TRK FOR LIQ, TANK TRK FOR DRY, CONCRETE MIXER, OTHER, NA, NR F.3 Subitems for Major Use GROUP1: AGR OR FARM ACT, FORESTRY OR LUMB, CONSTRUCTION WOR, CONTRACTING, MANUFACTURING, WHOLESALE TRADE, RETAIL TRADE, NA, NR GROUP2: BUSINESS AND PER, UTILITIES-USED, MINING OR QUARRY, DAILY RENTAL, NOT IN USE, FOR HIRE TRANS, ONE-WAY RENTAL, PERSONAL TRANS, OTHER