In the 1987-1997 censuses, the value of construction work was collected to measure actual construction activity done during the year. Studies have shown that respondents were not able to accurately report these data. In 2002 and 2007, receipts, billings, or sales for construction work was collected.

This item includes the receipts, billings, or sales for construction work done by building contractors, heavy and civil engineering construction contractors, and specialty trade contractors. Included are new construction, additions, alterations or reconstruction, and maintenance and repair construction work. Establishments engaged in the sale and installation of construction components such as plumbing, heating, and central air-conditioning supplies and equipment; lumber and building materials; paint, glass, and wallpaper; and electrical and wiring supplies, elevators or escalators were instructed to include both the value for the installation and receipts covering the price of the items installed. Excluded are the cost of industrial and other special machinery and equipment that are not an integral part of a structure, and receipts from business operations in foreign countries.