This industry comprises establishments known as book publishers. Establishments in this industry carry out design, editing, and marketing activities necessary for producing and distributing books. These establishments may publish books in print, electronic, or audio form.

Cross-References.

• Establishments publishing books on the Internet exclusively are classified in Industry 519130, Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals;
• Establishments primarily engaged in printing books without publishing are classified in Industry 32311, Printing;
• Establishments known as music publishers are classified in Industry 512230, Music Publishers;
• Establishments,such as trade associations, schools and universities, and social welfare organizations that publish newsletters for distribution to their membership, but that are not commonly known as newspaper publishers, are classified according to their primary activity designation; and< /li>
• Book clubs primarilyengaged in direct sales activities without publishing are classified in Industry 454390, Other Direct Selling Establishments.