This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in conducting research and experimental development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences, such as agriculture, electronics, environmental, biology, botany, biotechnology, computers, chemistry, food, fisheries, forests, geology, health, mathematics, medicine, oceanography, pharmacy, physics, veterinary, and other allied subjects.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Providing physical, chemical, or other analytical testing services (except medical or veterinary)--are classified in Industry 541380, Testing Laboratories;
• Providing veterinary testing services--are classified in Industry 541940, Veterinary Services;
• Providing medical laboratory testing for humans--are classified in U.S. Industry 621511, Medical Laboratories; and
• Research and Development in Other Life Sciences--are classified in U.S. Census Bureau NAICS-based industry 54171023, Research and Development in Biotechnology.